Rheological behaviour of fruit and milk-based smoothies

Two of the most important food attributes for today´s fast-moving lifestyle are convenience and healthiness [1-2]. Fast-moving lifestyle specifically affects to elderly people, who are prone to bad-nutrition due to their dental status reducing the consumption of fruits and vegetables [3]. Smoothies are blended beverages, and good examples of convenient and healthy foods for helping to reduce this problem. So, they are gaining increasing market leverage in the beverage sector. Texture and rheological behaviour of foods can determine their acceptability. Therefore, added to nutritious features, smoothies must also account with outstanding mechanical properties. Stability of the products is also a main quality, which can be gained adding a small amount of stabiliser to beverage formulations. But, to avoid opposite effects, stabilisers addition should ameliorate the product texture.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Electrorheological behaviour of flour/olive oil dough

• Changes in flow properties upon the application of an electrical field can be evaluated using of electrorheological techniques. • The fact that it had shown successful to reduce the fat content [1] has aimed us to explore potential benefits resulting from the wide use of this technique in food science. • It was claimed long time ago that the integration of this technique in food processing should translate into the development of new products [2]. • A study on the influence of the solid content and temperature on the steady viscous flow electrorheological behavior of wheat flour/olive oil dough has been made. • The overall conclusion is that this system is electrorheological positive, i.e. the yield stress increases with the electric field.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Rheological behavior of a commercial milk-based sauce

• The acceptation of semisolid foods by consumers is greatly determined by their rheological properties. • Sauces are semisolid foods and, in general, show viscoplastic and shear-thinning viscous flow behaviours. On the other hand, viscoelastic properties are specifically significant in the handling and quality control tasks. • As temperature changes cause alterations in physical and chemical properties of food components, which influence in texture, stability, taste, etc., a better understanding of the influence of this parameter on milk-based sauces would allow improve product quality.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Thermophysical and flow properties of coconut oil with silica fumed nanoparticles

This work is concerned with the rheological and thermal study of silica fumed dispersed in coconut oil. The dispersed phase behave as a non newtonian fluid during the phase change. The addition of nanoparticles complicates considerably the flow behaviour of the system. Therefore, a very thoughtful study of the flow and thermal properties with temperature when silica particles are added must be carried out.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A comparative rheological study of amaranth, wheat and chickpea doughs

Legume flours due to their nutritional benefits (e.g., high levels of proteins, fiber, complex carbohydrates, micronutrients and vitamins) are ideal ingredients for improving the nutritional value of bread and bakery products. Although proteins has a major role in the quality breads, however, few studies related to the evaluation of doughs containing chickpea flour(or other legume flour) alone or blended with other ingredients have been published. This work performs a comparative study of the flow properties of three different flours: wheat, amaranth and chickpea, at two temperatures. The flow curves showed shear-thinning behaviour although amaranth flour presented the higher values of viscosity and wheat flour de lower values. The influence of the protein content in the three doughs was evaluated by means of step- up-stepdown tests and frequency sweeps (Fig. 1). Amaranth flour presented the higher elastic modulus and the wheat flour the lower. This can explain the compactation observed in gluten-free bread. The results of the flow studies are prone to the combination of cereal and legume flours in order to improve the taste and quality of gluten-free breads.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Impact of late presentation of HIV infection on short-, mid- and long-term mortality and causes of death in a multicenter national cohort: 2004–2013

SummaryObjectivesTo analyze the impact of late presentation (LP) on overall mortality and causes of death and describe LP trends and risk factors (2004–2013).MethodsCox models and logistic regression were used to analyze data from a nation-wide cohort in Spain. LP is defined as being diagnosed when CD4 < 350 cells/ml or AIDS.ResultsOf 7165 new HIV diagnoses, 46.9% (CI95%:45.7–48.0) were LP, 240 patients died.First-year mortality was the highest (aHRLP.vs.nLP = 10.3[CI95%:5.5–19.3]); between 1 and 4 years post-diagnosis, aHRLP.vs.nLP = 1.9(1.2–3.0); and >4 years, aHRLP.vs.nLP = 1.5(0.7–3.1).First-year's main cause of death was HIV/AIDS (73%); and malignancies among those surviving >4 years (32%). HIV/AIDS-related deaths were more likely in LP (59.2% vs. 25.0%; p < 0.001). LP declined from 55.9% (2004–05) to 39.4% (2012–13), and reduced in 46.1% in men who have sex with men (MSM) and 37.6% in heterosexual men, but increased in 22.6% in heterosexual women.Factors associated with LP: sex (ORMEN.vs.WOMEN = 1.4[1.2–1.7]); age (OR31–40.vs.<30 = 1.6[1.4–1.8], OR41–50.vs.<30 = 2.2[1.8–2.6], OR>50.vs.<30 = 3.6[2.9–4.4]); behavior (ORInjectedDrugUse.vs.MSM = 2.8[2.0–3.8]; ORHeterosexual.vs.MSM = 2.2[1.7–3.0]); education (ORPrimaryEducation.vs.University = 1.5[1.1–2.0], ORLowerSecondary.vs.University = 1.3[1.1–1.5]); and geographical origin (ORSub-Saharan.vs.Spain = 1.6[1.3–2.0], ORLatin-American.vs.Spain = 1.4[1.2–1.8]).ConclusionsLP is associated with higher mortality, especially short-term- and HIV/AIDS-related mortality. Mid-term-, but not long-term mortality, remained also higher in LP than nLP. LP decreased in MSM and heterosexual men, not in heterosexual women. The groups most affected by LP are low educated, non-Spanish and heterosexual women

La lección del Nunca Más. Una aproximación interdisciplinar al contenido y alcance jurídico internacional de la obligación estatal de garantizar la no repetición a través de la educación en memoria. Informe Final

Conceptualmente, el proyecto giró en torno a las garantías de no repetición, es decir: medidas orientadas a evitar futuros incumplimientos del Derecho internacional, de muy diversa naturaleza, pues virtualmente pueden consistir en cualquier cosa (siempre que no resulte abusiva), aunque las más habituales en la práctica internacional son la adopción/derogación/reforma de legislación o de medidas administrativas y las medidas de carácter institucional (relativas a la existencia, organización o funcionamiento de órganos del Estado). Cuando un Estado incumple una obligación internacional –y, por tanto, comete un hecho internacionalmente ilícito–, la principal consecuencia que surge para él es la obligación de reparar, en cualquier de sus tres formas –restitución (o, en su caso, compensación por equivalencia), indemnización o satisfacción (reparación moral)–. Además, en circunstancias excepcionales, tendría también la obligación de ofrecer garantías de no repetición1. Esas “circunstancias excepcionales” vienen en esencia delimitadas por la existencia de violaciones graves de normas imperativas de Derecho internacional, como ocurre cuando se lesionan de manera flagrante o sistemática derechos humanos fundamentales, prácticas que a su vez están tipificadas como crímenes internacionales (genocidio o crímenes contra la humanidad). Por tanto, cuando en el interior de un Estado se cometen atrocidades de esa naturaleza, bien por parte de las propias autoridades estatales, bien por parte de actores no estatales cuyo comportamiento no ha sido prevenido o reprimido por el Estado, surgiría para este la obligación de ofrecer garantías de no repetición

Choice of the initial antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive individuals in the era of integrase inhibitors

BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the most frequently prescribed initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in recent years in HIV-positive persons in the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) and to investigate factors associated with the choice of each regimen. METHODS: We analyzed initial ART regimens prescribed in adults participating in CoRIS from 2014 to 2017. Only regimens prescribed in >5% of patients were considered. We used multivariable multinomial regression to estimate Relative Risk Ratios (RRRs) for the association between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the choice of the initial regimen. RESULTS: Among 2874 participants, abacavir(ABC)/lamivudine(3TC)/dolutegavir(DTG) was the most frequently prescribed regimen (32.1%), followed by tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)/elvitegravir(EVG)/cobicistat(COBI) (14.9%), TDF/FTC/rilpivirine (RPV) (14.0%), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC/EVG/COBI (13.7%), TDF/FTC+DTG (10.0%), TDF/FTC+darunavir/ritonavir or darunavir/cobicistat (bDRV) (9.8%) and TDF/FTC+raltegravir (RAL) (5.6%). Compared with ABC/3TC/DTG, starting TDF/FTC/RPV was less likely in patients with CD4100.000 copies/mL. TDF/FTC+DTG was more frequent in those with CD4100.000 copies/mL. TDF/FTC+RAL and TDF/FTC+bDRV were also more frequent among patients with CD4<200 cells//muL and with transmission categories other than men who have sex with men. Compared with ABC/3TC/DTG, the prescription of other initial ART regimens decreased from 2014-2015 to 2016-2017 with the exception of TDF/FTC+DTG. Differences in the choice of the initial ART regimen were observed by hospitals' location. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of initial ART regimens is consistent with Spanish guidelines' recommendations, but is also clearly influenced by physician's perception based on patient's clinical and sociodemographic variables and by the prescribing hospital location

Assessment of distribution grid losses depending on storage location for residential PV systems in three grids in the region of Murcia

This paper shows the results of the studies carried out to determine which system, batteries installed behind the meter (BTM) or batteries installed in front of the meter (FTM), shows the best performance in terms of minimal power losses and energy storage capacity that would have the Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to be installed. The analysis has been carried out over real networks in the region of Murcia (Spain) with different topologies and a variable number and location of customers along the grid. In addition, real consumption profiles of random customers, as well as real measurements of the transformer loading curves recorded at the Secondary Substation (SS), have been considered in the analysis. In this way, it can be ensured that the results represent real situations that can be found nowadays

Mi cole y sus alrededores (II) : unidad didáctica

No publicadoLa unidad didáctica realizada por el Grupo de Trabajo La Peregrina pretende ampliar otra unidad didáctica del mismo título elaborada el curso anterior. Está pensada para llevarla a cabo con los alumnos de sexto de educación general básica del Colegio Público Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (León), sito en la localidad de Sahagún (León), durante el tercer trimestre del año académico, dado que en esa época del año la climatología suele ser adecuada para realizar distintas salidas programadas a los alrededores del colegio. Se pretende conseguir con esta unidad didáctica trabajar de una forma globalizada y pluridisciplinar, incardinando todas las áreas y temas transversales en las actividades a realizar. Un aspecto importante que se pretende trabajar es el de proporcionar al niño la posibilidad de disfrutar de un contacto directo y sensible con la realidad que le rodea, descubriendo y compartiendo actividades en el medio natural y urbano, valorando los proyectos artísticos realizados por otros y potenciando así la disposición para seguir haciéndolo autónomamente como forma de disfrute y empleo del tiempo libre. El trabajo a realizar se ha dividido en tres fases: 1) Preparación: los profesores se reunirán para programar y elaborar el material necesario, 2) Realización de la unidad didáctica, efectuada la evaluación inicial y organizados los equipos de trabajo comenzará la fase en la que se realizarán las actividades propuestas, siendo dirigidas en algunos casos por el profesor, el tutor o bien por la mayoría del equipo, 3) Posteriormente a la realización de las actividades propuestas se analiza el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje mediante actividades como diálogos, coloquios, pruebas objetivas, etc. En cuanto a la temporalización, una vez programadas las actividades se pasará a la actividad propia con los alumnos (encuestas, trabajo en grupos), y se harán las distintas salidas programadas coincidiendo con diversas efemérides y con festejos tradicionales. Entre los recursos se cuenta con los materiales ordinarios del aula y además con la fotocopiadora, audiovisuales, laboratorio, planos de la localidad y la zona. La metodología será en todo momento activa y participativa utilizando como recurso de enseñanza el descubrimiento guiado. La organización de los alumnos será masiva en algunos casos, aunque en la mayoría de las ocasiones las actividades se realizarán en pequeños grupos. Se evaluará todo el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, utilizando principalmente la observación contínua, directa y sistemática, y el registro de los distintos datos a observar. También se realizarán algunas pruebas objetivas relacionadas principalemente con conceptos a evaluar. La continuidad de la evaluación requerirá tres momentos clave en el proceso: la evaluación inicial, contínua y sumativa. Se incluye como anexo las fichas-guía orientadoras para el trabajo profesor/alumno, relacionadas con las distintas áreas ordenadas por núcleos de interés coincidiendo con la realización de las mismas.Castilla y LeónES