La psicología en el reino de las lesiones deportivas: de qué se está hablando

Sport injuries are a constant in physical activity and sport and represent, to a greater or lesser degree, an obstacle that most athletes have to face and which could have an impact on economical, occupational and educational aspects, as well as on physical and psychological health. Traditionally, sport injury was deemed the result of biomechanical forces exerted on the body and sustained during participation in sport activity, under which perspective the athlete is considered merely as the container of a set of parts that break down and must be repaired. In contrast, Sport Psychology has brought the individual into a central active role, both when sustaining and recovering from an injury. This paper promotes a psychological perspective on sport injury and reviews the main psychological models posed for both the pre-injury and the post-injury phases. Finally, the paper addresses some of the main problems encountered by research on sport injury and sets out several guidelines for future research in the fieldLas lesiones deportivas son una constante en la actividad física y el deporte y representan, en mayor o menor grado, un obstáculo al que la mayor parte de los deportistas se tienen que enfrentar, pudiendo aquéllas tener consecuencias a nivel económico, laboral, educativo, además de a nivel físico y psicológico. Tradicionalmente, la lesión deportiva ha sido considerada como el resultado de la acción de fuerzas biomecánicas que ejercen sobre el cuerpo mientras se participa en una actividad deportiva. Esa perspectiva viene a considerar al deportista como un mero contendor de unas piezas que se han roto y deben ser reparadas. Al contrario, la Psicología del Deporte le concede al individuo un papel activo central tanto en el padecimiento de una lesión como en el proceso de recuperación de la misma. El presente artículo viene a promover una perspectiva psicológica de la lesión deportiva, revisando los principales modelos psicológicos que se han propuesto tanto para la fase de pre-lesión como para la fase de post-lesión. Finalmente, el artículo plantea los principales problemas de la investigación sobre lesiones deportivas y brinda una serie de líneas de actuación para llevar a cabo la investigación en este campoAs lesões desportivas são uma constante na actividade física e no desporto e representam, em maior ou menor grau, um obstáculo que a maioria dos atletas tem que enfrentar, podendo aquelas ter consequências a nível económico, laboral e educativo, bem como a nível físico e psicológico. Tradicionalmente, a lesão desportiva tem sido considerada como o resultado da acção de forças biomecânicas exercida sobre o corpo enquanto se participa numa actividade desportiva. Essa perspectiva tem vindo a considerar o atleta como um mero recipiente de peças que foram quebradas e devem ser reparadas. Pelo contrário, a Psicologia do Desporto reconhece ao sujeito um papel activo central tanto no padecimento da lesão como no processo de recuperação da mesma. O presente artigo procura promover uma perspectiva psicológica de lesão desportiva, revendo os principais modelos psicológicos que têm sido propostos tanto para a fase de pré-lesão como para a fase de pós-lesão. Por último, o artigo discute os principais problemas da investigação sobre lesões desportivas e oferece uma série de linhas de actuação para a realização de investigação neste âmbitoThe research leading to this paper has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (currently Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness) research grant PSI2011-27000

Reacciones de los candidatos ante el uso de las redes sociales en selección y evaluación de personal

Human Resource (HR) professionals are increasingly using Social Networking Websites (SNWs) for personnel recruitment and selection processes. However, evidence is required regarding their psychometric properties and their impact on applicant reactions. In this paper we present and discuss the results of exploring applicant reactions to either the use of a professional SNW (such as LinkedIn) or a non-professional SNW (such as Facebook). A scale for assessing applicant reactions was applied to 124 professionals. The results showed more positive attitudes to the use of professional SNWs compared with non-professional SNWs. Both gender and age moderated these results, with females and young applicants having a less positive attitude than males and older participants towards the use of non-professional SNW

Understanding the dimensions of sport-injury related growth: A DELPHI method approach

Despite the multitude of adverse physical and psychosocial consequences of sports injury, evidence also highlights the potential for positive benefits in the injury aftermath. The purpose of this study is to address this gap by exploring the dimensions of personal growth following a severe sports injury. A 3-rounds e-Delphi method was utilized to develop a consensual understanding of the dimensions of sport-injury related growth. A panel of 24 psychology of sport injury experts participated in the process. The final list of items obtained was subjected to conventional content analysis to identify general themes. The process led to the development of a 5-dimension model capable of describing athletes' experiences of personal growth following a severe sports-related injury: personal strength, improved social life, health benefits, sport benefits, and social support and recognition. The domains of sport-injury related growth identified here are consistent with growth-domains identified in previous personal growth literature. However, they also highlight the importance of contextualizing the experience of growth. We have captured key elements of sport-injury related growth, domains that can be used as the basis for further psychometric testing and for further interventions to increase adjustment and well-being during the rehabilitation process. Copyright

Validating the TDRT-Q to assess the quality of the teacher-dancer relationship

La capacidad de los entrenadores para potenciar o desincentivar el compromiso de sus deportistas y para desarrollar su potencial a través de la cualidad de las relaciones que entre ellos se establecen ha recibido una considerable atención desde la investigación; sin embargo, la diada equivalente en el contexto de la danza, la relación entre el maestro y el bailarín, ha sido un área relativamente poco explorada. El propósito de este artículo es extrapolar el modelo de las 3C's de las Relaciones Entrenador-Deportista de Jowett al contexto de la danza y adaptar y validar al español el CART-Q, un instrumento ampliamente utilizado para la evaluación de las relaciones deportista-entrenador. Para ello, 175 bailarines y bailarinas españoles de entre 18 y 40 años (M = 22.47; DT = 4.85) de diferentes niveles y disciplinas de baile completaron el denominado Cuestionario sobre las Relaciones entre Maestro y Bailarín (TDRT-Q), la traducción española del CART-Q adaptado al contexto de la danza. El análisis factorial confirmatorio puso de manifiesto la estructura jerárquica de las relaciones como habían sido originalmente postuladas, incluyendo las dimensiones de Cercanía, Compromiso y Complementariedad. En términos generales, el TDRT-Q demostró unas adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. En línea con los resultados obtenidos, el modelo de las 3C's puede ser transferido para el análisis de las relaciones maestro-bailarín. Más aún, el TDRT-Q puede utilizarse para la evaluación de la cualidad de las relaciones maestro bailarín y para avanzar en el conocimiento y comprensión de este contexto artístico orientado al rendimiento.The capacity of coaches to enable or disable athletes' engagement and ability to reach their potential through the quality of the relationship they develop with them has received substantial research attention, yet the equivalent dyad in dance contexts-the teacher-dancer relationship-has remained relatively unexplored. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to extrapolate Jowett's 3C's Coach-Athlete Relationship Model to the dance context and adapt and validate a Spanish translation of the CART-Q, a psychometric tool that has been extensively used to assess the coach-athlete relationship, to examine the teacher-dancer relationship. 175 Spanish dancers aged 18 to 40 (M = 22.47, SD = 4.85) of diverse performance levels and various dance disciplines completed the renamed Teacher-Dancer Relationship Questionnaire (TDRT-Q), the Spanish translation of the CART-Q adapted to dance contexts. A confirmatory factor analysis highlighted the hierarchical nature of the relationship as has been originally postulated containing Closeness, Commitment, and Complementarity. Overall the TDRT-Q demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. In line with these results, the 3C's model can be transferred to analyse the teacher dancer relationship. Moreover, the TDRT-Q can be used to assess the quality of the teacher-dancer relationship and further advance knowledge and understanding in this achievement-orientated performing arts context.A capacidade dos técnicos para potencializar ou desencorajar o compromisso de seus atletas e para desenvolver o potencial dos mesmos através da qualidade das relações que se estabelecem entre ambos tem recebido considerável atenção da investigação; no entanto, a díade equivalente no contexto da dança, a relação entre o professor e o dançarino, tem sido uma área relativamente pouco explorada. O propósito deste artigo é extrapolar o modelo dos 3C's das Relações Treinador-Atleta de Jowett ao contexto da dança e adaptar e validar ao espanhol o CART-Q, um instrumento amplamente utilizado para a avaliação das relações atleta-treinador. Para tanto, 175 dançarinos e dançarinas espanhóis entre 18 e 40 anos (M = 22.47; DT = 4.85) de diferentes níveis e disciplinas de dança responderam o denominado Questionário sobre as Relações entre Professor e Dançarino (TDRT-Q), a tradução espanhola do CART-Q adaptado ao contexto da dança. A análise fatorial confirmatória revelou a estrutura hierárquica das relações como haviam sido originalmente postuladas, incluindo as dimensões de Proximidade, Compromisso e Complementaridade. Em termos gerais, o TDRT-Q demonstrou propriedades psicométricas adequadas. Em linha com os resultados obtidos, o modelo dos 3C's pode ser transferido para a análise das relações professor-dançarino. Além disso, o TDRT-Q pode ser utilizado para a avaliação da qualidade das relações professor-dançarino e para avançar no conhecimento e na compreensão deste contexto artístico orientado ao rendimento

Effectiveness of a stress management pilot program aimed at reducing the incidence of sports injuries in young football (soccer) players

Objectives Several attempts to reduce the incidence of sport injuries using psychosocial interventions produced fruitful, although inconclusive results. This paper presents the effectiveness and implementation issues of a pilot 3-month stress-management and muscle relaxation program aimed at reducing sport injury incidence. Design Pre-post treatment-non treatment group comparison. Program administration The program was administered by a trained psychologist on a once-a-week, 1-h session basis. Participants Seventy-four male soccer players from four National Youth league teams voluntarily participated. Teams were randomly assigned to either treatment/non-treatment group. Measures Injury protocol, Self-monitoring cards, Athletes' satisfaction and commitment survey, Coaches' interview. Results Group main effect and Time-Group interaction effect were both statistically significant, F(1,60) = 8.30, p = 0.005, η2p = 0.121, with the average number of injuries larger in the post-treatment phase of non-treatment group (p = 0.005, η2p = 0.077). There was a significant decrease in the average number of injuries for the intervention group before and after implementing the program (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.309). Conclusions A controlled implementation of a psychosocial program was effective in reducing youth soccer sport injuries, with a high level of satisfaction and commitment from the athletes, as well as high acceptance from the coachesThis research was supported by the Spanish MINECO (grant PSI2011-27000) and by the Murcia (Spain) Regional Football Association's Proyecto Fútbol, (grant FFRM-UMU-04 0092 321B 6450214704