Research Progress in Detection and Elimination of Anti-nutritional Factors in Pulses

In addition to containing rich nutrients and biologically active substances, the pulses contain phytic acid, saponins, trypsin inhibitors, lectins and other anti-nutritional factors, which have multiple types and entail complex detection processes, with different detection capabilities required. In certain treatment methods, their structures can be destroyed, and their content can be lowered, furthermore, the nutrients in pulses can be preserved to the maximum extent during processing. This paper evaluates the detection methods of anti-nutritional factors in detail, analyzes and compares the advantages, disadvantages, applicability and sensitivity of different detection methods, and introduces the principles, processes, inhibition effects, advantages and disadvantages of several common anti-nutritional factor elimination methods, focuses mainly on heat treatment. This study aims to provide some references for the analytical method selection, improvement and control of anti-nutritional factors in pulses

A genetic variation map for chicken with 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms

We describe a genetic variation map for the chicken genome containing 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs). This map is based on a comparison of the sequences of three domestic chicken breeds ( a broiler, a layer and a Chinese silkie) with that of their wild ancestor, red jungle fowl. Subsequent experiments indicate that at least 90% of the variant sites are true SNPs, and at least 70% are common SNPs that segregate in many domestic breeds. Mean nucleotide diversity is about five SNPs per kilobase for almost every possible comparison between red jungle fowl and domestic lines, between two different domestic lines, and within domestic lines - in contrast to the notion that domestic animals are highly inbred relative to their wild ancestors. In fact, most of the SNPs originated before domestication, and there is little evidence of selective sweeps for adaptive alleles on length scales greater than 100 kilobases

A green and simple method for preparation of an efficient palladium adsorbent based on cysteine functionalized2,3-dialdehyde cellulose

A green and efficient adsorbent for adsorption of palladium ions was prepared from 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) originating from nanocellulose from the green algae Cladophora. The DAC was functionalized with cysteine via reductive amination in a convenient one-pot procedure to provide the adsorbent. The adsorption properties for adsorbing palladium(II) ions, including capacity, adsorption isotherm and kinetics, were studied. The successful reductive amination of cysteine with 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose was confirmed by FT-IR, elemental analysis and XPS. The adsorbent was characterized by SEM, XRD, gas adsorption and TGA. The adsorbent had a high adsorption capacity (130 mg palladium per gram adsorbent) and enabled fast adsorption of palladium(II) ions from solution (80 % of maximum capacity reached in 2 h). Adsorbent materials suitable for both filters (fibrous) and column matrixes (spherical particles) could be obtained in an efficient manner by controlling the degree of oxidation while producing the DAC material

Simulation and optimization of a new energy vehicle power battery pack structure

With the rapid growth in new energy vehicle industry, more and more new energy vehicle battery packs catch fire or even explode due to the internal short circuit. Comparing with traditional vehicles, the new energy vehicles industry should pay more attention to safety of power battery pack structures. The battery pack is an important barrier to protect the internal batteries. A battery pack structure model is imported into ANSYS for structural optimization under sharp acceleration, sharp turn and sharp deceleration turn conditions on the bumpy road. Based on the simulation, the battery pack structure is improved, and suitable materials are determined. Then the collision resistance of the optimized battery pack is verified, and the safety level is greatly improved. While ensuring the safety and reliability of the battery pack structure, it also reduces the weight to satisfy the lightweight design and complies with relevant technical standards

Favored Surface-limited Oxidation of Cellulose with Oxone® in Water

A novel method for favored primary alcohol oxidation of cellulose was developed. Cellulose pulp andCladophora nanocellulose were oxidized in a one-pot procedure by Oxone® (2KHSO5$KHSO4$K2SO4)and efficient reaction conditions were identified. The effects of the reaction on the morphology,viscosity and chemical structure of the products obtained were studied. The primary alcohol groupswere oxidized to carboxyl groups and the content of carboxyl groups was determined byconductometric titration. SEM, capillary-type viscometry and XRD were applied to characterize theproducts and to investigate the influence of oxidation. For the first time, low-cost and stable Oxone®was used as a single oxidant to oxidize cellulose into carboxyl cellulose. The oxidation is an inexpensiveand convenient process to produce carboxylic groups on the surface of the cellulose fibers and to makethe cellulose fibers charged. Particularly, this method can avoid the use of halogens and potentially toxicradicals and constitute a green route to access carboxylated cellulose. Further, sodium bromide could beused as a co-oxidant to the Oxone® and increase the carboxylic acid content by 10–20%. The Oxone®oxidation is a promising method for oxidation of cellulose and might facilitate the production of CNC

Carbonized cellulose beads for efficient capacitive energy storage

Natural biomaterials, including polysaccharides and amino acids, provide a sustainable source of functional carbon materials for electric energy storage applications. We present a one-pot reductive amination process to functionalize 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) beads with chitosan and l-cysteine to provide single (N)- and dual (N/S)-doped materials. The functionalization enables the physicochemical properties of the materials to be tailored and can provide carbon precursors with heteroatom doping suitable for energy storage applications. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the changes to the beads after functionalization and carbonization. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy verified that the doping was effective, while the nitrogen sorption isotherms and pore-size distributions of the carbonized beads showed the effects of doping with different hierarchical porosities. In the electrochemical experiments, three kinds of carbon beads [pyrolyzed from DAC, chitosan-crosslinked DAC (CS-DAC) and l-cysteine-functionalized DAC] were used as electrode materials. Electrodes of carbonized CS-DAC beads had a specific capacitance of up to 242 F g(-1) at a current density of 1 A g(-1). These electrodes maintained a capacitance retention of 91.5% after 1000 charge/discharge cycles, suggesting excellent cycling stability. The results indicate that reductive amination of DAC is an effective route for heteroatom doping of carbon materials to be used as electrode active materials for energy storage