82,275 research outputs found
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The complex response of monetary policy to the exchange rate
We estimate a flexible non-linear monetary policy rule for the UK to examine the response of policymakers to the real exchange rate. We have three main findings. First, policymakers respond to real exchange rate misalignment rather than to the real exchange rate itself. Second, policymakers ignore small deviations of the exchange rate; they only respond to real exchange under-valuations of more than 4% and over-valuations of more than 5%. Third, the response of policymakers to inflation is smaller when the exchange rate is over-valued and larger when it is under-valued. None of these responses is allowed for in the widely-used Taylor rule, suggesting that monetary policy is better analysed using a more sophisticated model, such as the one suggested in this paper
Recommended from our members
The Complex Reaction of Monetary Policy to the Exchange Rate
We estimate a flexible non-linear monetary policy rule for the UK to examine
the response of policymakers to the real exchange rate. We have three main
findings. First, policymakers respond to real exchange rate misalignment
rather than to the real exchange rate itself. Second, policymakers ignore
small deviations of the exchange rate; they only respond to real exchange
under-valuations of more than 4% and over-valuations of more than 5%.
Third, the response of policymakers to inflation is smaller when the exchange
rate is over-valued and larger when it is under-valued. None of these
responses is allowed for in the widely-used Taylor rule, suggesting that
monetary policy is better analysed using a more sophisticated model, such as
the one suggested in this paper
Deep Ordinal Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning usually makes use of numerical rewards, which have
nice properties but also come with drawbacks and difficulties. Using rewards on
an ordinal scale (ordinal rewards) is an alternative to numerical rewards that
has received more attention in recent years. In this paper, a general approach
to adapting reinforcement learning problems to the use of ordinal rewards is
presented and motivated. We show how to convert common reinforcement learning
algorithms to an ordinal variation by the example of Q-learning and introduce
Ordinal Deep Q-Networks, which adapt deep reinforcement learning to ordinal
rewards. Additionally, we run evaluations on problems provided by the OpenAI
Gym framework, showing that our ordinal variants exhibit a performance that is
comparable to the numerical variations for a number of problems. We also give
first evidence that our ordinal variant is able to produce better results for
problems with less engineered and simpler-to-design reward signals.Comment: replaced figures for better visibility, added github repository, more
details about source of experimental results, updated target value
calculation for standard and ordinal Deep Q-Networ
Proposal for a Performance Dashboard for the Monitoringof Water and Sewage Service Companies (WaSCs)
The water and sewage industry provides an essential service to the community, but it is characterized by natural monopoly tendencies of service suppliers. In this framework, it is very important to assist regulators with a small set of critical indicators (performance dashboard) for the evaluation and monitoring of the service provided by Water and Sewage Companies (WaSCs). The paper originates from the analysis of situation of Piemonte (Italy), where each regional and local body adopts a proprietary Performance Measurement System (PMS). In order to improve the coordination of information flow and to support the definition of common service standards, a methodology to merge existing PMSs and define a unique shared reference system is proposed. The Kaplan and Norton's Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is adopted as the reference model of this approach. BSC is widely recognized to be an exhaustive and balanced framework in describing the performances of an organization and ensures that all the operational aspects of WaSCs are adequately monitored. The output of the proposed procedure is a general performance dashboard for the monitoring of WaSCs. The dashboard is shown and some remarks about indicators properties are developed. In particular, this analysis highlights some common pitfalls originated by a ârushed' aggregation of several performance indicators. Description is supported by several example
Structural determination of archaeal UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase from Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1 in complex with the bacterial cell wall intermediate UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid
The crystal structure of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase (UDP-GlcNAc 4-epimerase; WbpP; EC 5.1.3.7), from the archaeal methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium strain M1, was determined to a resolution of 1.65 Ă
. The structure, with a single monomer in the crystallographic asymmetric unit, contained a conserved N-terminal Rossmann fold for nucleotide binding and an active site positioned in the C-terminus. UDP-GlcNAc 4-epimerase is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, sharing sequence motifs and structural elements characteristic of this family of oxidoreductases and bacterial 4-epimerases. The protein was co-crystallized with coenzyme NADH and UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid, the latter an unintended inclusion and well known product of the bacterial enzyme MurB and a critical intermediate for bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is a non-native UDP sugar amongst archaea and was most likely incorporated from the Eschericha coli expression host during purification of the recombinant enzyme
Measurements of neutral vector resonance in Higgsless models at the LHC
In Higgsless models, new vector resonances appear to restore the unitarity of
the W_L W_L scattering amplitude without the Higgs boson. In the ideal
delocalized three site Higgsless model, one of large prodcution cross section
of the neutral vector resonance (Z') at the Large Hadron Collider is the
W-associated production, pp \to Z'W \to WWW. Although the dileptonic decay
channnel, l\nu l'\nu 'jj, is experimentally clean to search for the Z' signals,
it is difficult to reconstruct the Z' invariant mass due to the two neutrinos
in the final state. We study collider signatures of Z' using the
M_{T2}-Assisted On-Shell (MAOS) reconstruction of the missing neutrino momenta.
We show the prospect of the Z' mass determination in the channel, l\nu l'\nu
'jj, at the Large Hadron Collider.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables; v2: references added, minor
corrections, version published in JHE
ContextVP: Fully Context-Aware Video Prediction
Video prediction models based on convolutional networks, recurrent networks,
and their combinations often result in blurry predictions. We identify an
important contributing factor for imprecise predictions that has not been
studied adequately in the literature: blind spots, i.e., lack of access to all
relevant past information for accurately predicting the future. To address this
issue, we introduce a fully context-aware architecture that captures the entire
available past context for each pixel using Parallel Multi-Dimensional LSTM
units and aggregates it using blending units. Our model outperforms a strong
baseline network of 20 recurrent convolutional layers and yields
state-of-the-art performance for next step prediction on three challenging
real-world video datasets: Human 3.6M, Caltech Pedestrian, and UCF-101.
Moreover, it does so with fewer parameters than several recently proposed
models, and does not rely on deep convolutional networks, multi-scale
architectures, separation of background and foreground modeling, motion flow
learning, or adversarial training. These results highlight that full awareness
of past context is of crucial importance for video prediction.Comment: 19 pages. ECCV 2018 oral presentation. Project webpage is at
https://wonmin-byeon.github.io/publication/2018-ecc
FROM HIGH-FIDELITY NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF A LIQUID-FILM ATOMIZATION TO A REGIME CLASSIFICATION
High-fidelity numerical simulations of spray formation were conducted with the aim of improving fundamental understanding of airblast liquid-film atomization. The gas/liquid interaction in the near-nozzle region is investigated for a multitude of operating conditions in order to extrapolate phenomenological and breakup predictions. To reach this goal, the robust conservative level-set (RCLS) method was used. For a fixed prefilmer geometry, we performed a parametric study on the impact of various liquid and gas velocities on the topological evolution of the liquid interface. The behavior and development of the liquid film is found to be influenced mainly by the relative inertia of the gas and the liquid, the liquid surface tension, and interfacial shear stresses. Preliminary regime
maps predicting the prefilming liquid-sheet atomization behavior are constructed based on our numerical results. Three distinct types of âregimeâ are reported: accumulation, ligament-merging, and
three-dimensional wave mode. In addition, these results also show the influence of vortex action and rim-driven dynamics on the breakup mechanism at the atomizer edge. An increase in liquid injection speed leads to the generation of smaller droplets; whereas, an increase in air velocity does not point to one simple conclusion
An additive subfamily of enlargements of a maximally monotone operator
We introduce a subfamily of additive enlargements of a maximally monotone
operator. Our definition is inspired by the early work of Simon Fitzpatrick.
These enlargements constitute a subfamily of the family of enlargements
introduced by Svaiter. When the operator under consideration is the
subdifferential of a convex lower semicontinuous proper function, we prove that
some members of the subfamily are smaller than the classical
-subdifferential enlargement widely used in convex analysis. We also
recover the epsilon-subdifferential within the subfamily. Since they are all
additive, the enlargements in our subfamily can be seen as structurally closer
to the -subdifferential enlargement
Non-minimality of corners in subriemannian geometry
We give a short solution to one of the main open problems in subriemannian
geometry. Namely, we prove that length minimizers do not have corner-type
singularities. With this result we solve Problem II of Agrachev's list, and
provide the first general result toward the 30-year-old open problem of
regularity of subriemannian geodesics.Comment: 11 pages, final versio
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