Identification and taxonomy of the West Palaearctic species of Tachina Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae) based on male terminalia and molecular analyses

The male postabdominal structures of the West Palaearctic species of the genus Tachina are described. A new identification key is given. Characters are illustrated by original pen drawings and deep focus micrographs, some of them for the first time. The results are documented by molecular analyses (based on CO°I, Cyt°b, 12S, and 16S rDNA). This approach solves old taxonomical discrepancies, which resulted in these conclusions: 1) the taxonomic concept ofthe genus was evaluated; 2) the position ofthe present subgenus Tachina s.str. seems to be untenable: T. grossa (Linnaeus, 1758) could be categorized inside existing subgenus Tachina s.str. and a new subgenus could be created for T. magna (Giglio- Tos, 1890); 3) an expected new species from subgenus Eudoromyia was confirmed; 4) T. nigrohirta (Stein, 1924) having been resurrected from synonymy was confirmed as a valid species; 5) some differences between central European and Japanese specimens of T. nupta (Rondani, 1859) were found

Who Eats Whom in a Pool? A Comparative Study of Prey Selectivity by Predatory Aquatic Insects

Predatory aquatic insects are a diverse group comprising top predators in small fishless water bodies. Knowledge of their diet composition is fragmentary, which hinders the understanding of mechanisms maintaining their high local diversity and of their impacts on local food web structure and dynamics. We conducted multiple-choice predation experiments using nine common species of predatory aquatic insects, including adult and larval Coleoptera, adult Heteroptera and larval Odonata, and complemented them with literature survey of similar experiments. All predators in our experiments fed selectively on the seven prey species offered, and vulnerability to predation varied strongly between the prey. The predators most often preferred dipteran larvae; previous studies further reported preferences for cladocerans. Diet overlaps between all predator pairs and predator overlaps between all prey pairs were non-zero. Modularity analysis separated all primarily nectonic predator and prey species from two groups of large and small benthic predators and their prey. These results, together with limited evidence from the literature, suggest a highly interconnected food web with several modules, in which similarly sized predators from the same microhabitat are likely to compete strongly for resources in the field (observed Pianka’s diet overlap indices >0.85). Our experiments further imply that ontogenetic diet shifts are common in predatory aquatic insects, although we observed higher diet overlaps than previously reported. Hence, individuals may or may not shift between food web modules during ontogeny

FIGURES 26–27 in A revision of the species of Evaza Walker described by J. C. H. de Meijere (Diptera, Stratiomyidae, Pachygastrinae)

FIGURES 26–27. Evaza nigrispinis: female in dorsal (26) and lateral view (27).Published as part of Rozkošný, Rudolf & Vaňhara, Jaromír, 2017, A revision of the species of Evaza Walker described by J. C. H. de Meijere (Diptera, Stratiomyidae, Pachygastrinae), pp. 219-237 in Zootaxa 4231 (2) on page 236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4231.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/29128

Rosapha flavipes, sp. nov.

<i>Rosapha flavipes</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 16–18, 34, 61, 79)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Basal part of flagellum subconical, apical style flattened, band-shaped, without apical seta, frontal spots present. Scutum and scutellum reddish yellow, blackish medial scutal stripe more or less developed. Wing with two separated brownish spots. Legs yellow, only fore tarsi darkened.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Male (Figs 16–18, 34, 61). Length: body 4.4–5.4 mm, wing 4.0– 4.4 mm. Head spherical in lateral view and about 1.4 times as broad as long in dorsal view, prominent ocellar triangle at posterior margin of head. Upper frons very narrow and short, barely as long as ocellar triangle. Lower frons (Fig. 34) transversely subtriangular, with finely, medially divided whitish tomentose frontal spot. Frontal spot narrowly fused with narrow, whitish tomentose lateral facial stripes along eye margins. Antenna reddish yellow but apical style (= last two flagellomeres) black. Last flagellomere flattened, band-shaped, with dense and very short pubescence, almost as broad as pedicel at distal margin, about 1.7 times longer than rest of antenna. Face black with fine and short whitish pubescence, concave toward middle. Labellum and palpus pale but darkened toward apex. Postgena with mixed black and white erect hairs.</p> <p>Thorax reddish yellow, scutum with broad, black medial stripe reaching to scutellum (Fig. 61). Pronotum, propleura, ventral part of katepisternum and mediotergite black. Postpronotal callus and narrow subnotopleural stripe whitish yellow. Scutellum reddish yellow, spines paler, outer scutellar spines distinctly shorter than inner. Thoracic pile short and inconspicuous, mainly pale. Wing with two darkened areas, stigma and cell r4 (and adjoning area of cell r5) but also other cells (except discal cell) partly and slightly infuscated. Halter entirely white. Legs pale yellow including coxae, only distal half of fore tibia and fore tarsus appear darkened due to dense blackish pubescence.</p> <p>Abdomen black, only very narrow lateral margin of tergites more brownish. Abdominal pile mostly short and appressed, black dorsally and whitish ventrally. Male terminalia (Figs 16–18): Proctiger subconical, epandrium fairly long (Fig. 16), genital capsule with transverse proximal dilation and subtriangular posterior medial process, gonocoxite with low and rounded posterior inner process, gonostylus with short subapical protuberance on distal margin (Fig. 17), aedeagal complex slender, aedeagal apodeme somewhat gradually dilated proximally (Fig. 18).</p> <p>Female. Length: body 4.9–5.2 mm, wing 3.8–4.2 mm. Head as high as long in profile and 1.4 times as broad as long in dorsal view. Narrowest part of frons almost twice as broad as ocellar triangle. Postocular area at upper angle of eye about as broad as pedicel is long. Frons shining black, transverse whitish tomentose spot above antenna not touching eye margins and separated from facial tomentose stripes along eye margins. Antenna as in male but shorter, basal complex of flagellum larger and more oval and last, band-shaped flagellomere only 1.4 times longer than rest of antenna. Head pile mostly short, appressed and inconspicuous, whitish and more erect only on white facial stripes, postgena and lower half of postocular area. Thorax, wing and legs as in male but black part of pleura extended to lower part of anepisternum and anterior part of katepisternum. Mediotergite usually yellow. Abdomen more oval, black on both sides and paler lateral margins of tergites only very narrow or indistinct. Female terminalia not examined.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name refers to the completely yellow (= flavus) legs (leg = pes).</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> The very characteristic medial stripe on the scutum may be narrowed in the middle, partly reduced or even indistinct in specimens from the same population. Sometimes a black medial spot on the scutellum is distinct. The black part of the thorax may be extended onto the lower part of the pleura and the subscutellum may be darkened on the lower half. The pale dorsal margin of the abdomen may be yellow and relatively broad in some females.</p> <p> <b>Material examined. Type material:</b> Holotype: Male, Thailand, Mae Hong Son, district Pangmapha, near Ban Nam Rin, sweeping in seepage area, 18.iv.2010, D. Kovac, in SMF.</p> <p>Paratypes: 25 3, 6 ♀, all from Thailand: 1 ♀ from the same locality as the holotype but sweeping along the right stream, 26.iv.2010, D. Kovac, in FSMU; 14 3, 1 ♀ from Chiangdao, 5.–11.iv.1958 and 11 3, 4 ♀ from Chiangmai, Fang, 12.–19.iv.1958, T. C. Maa, in BPBM.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Only known from two localities in Thailand (Fig. 79).</p>Published as part of <i>Kovac, Damir & Rozkošný, Rudolf, 2012, A revision of the genus Rosapha Walker (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 3333 (1)</i> on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3333.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/210456">http://zenodo.org/record/210456</a&gt

Ptilocera paradisea Lindner 1951

Ptilocera paradisea Lindner, 1951 (Figs 53, 65, 110–114) Ptilocera paradisea Lindner, 1951: 221. Type material. Holotype in Basel (NMB), labelled: " Typus [red label]/ O. Sumba, Melolo, 7.6. 1949, Expedition Bühler-Sutter/ Holotypus [handwritten by Lindner]/ Ptilocera paradisea Lindner, det. Lind. [handwritten in red ink]/ HOLOTYPUS 3 Ptilocera paradisea Lindner, 1951: 221. F. Mason & R. Rozkošný rev., 2009 [red label]". Condition: perfect, terminalia dissected and preserved in a small microvial attached on same pin. Diagnosis. This species is immediately distinguishable by paired submedial longitudinal stripes on presutural area of scutum and extensive patch of golden pile on abdominal tergites 3–5. Wing brownish infuscated, with diffuse pale transverse band in middle. Description. Male (Figs. 53, 65, 110–114). Length (mm): body 9.0; wing 7.7 (only holotype examined). Head. Upper frons with erect, very short hairs in front of anterior ocellus. Antenna as in Fig. 111, antennal scape brown, pedicel light brown, flagellomeres uniformly dark brown. First two flagellomeres short and densely haired, with sensory pits, basal flagellomere almost twice as long as broad, apical flagellomere 3.5 times as long as preceding flagellomere. Lower frons bare, shining dark brown, with two small triangular silverish tomentose spots. Face covered with erect silverish white pile. Proboscis brown, with whitish hairs. Palpus brown, two-segmented. Postocular area not distinct in upper part and very narrow in lower part of head in profile. Thorax (Fig. 110) black, densely punctate, with shining golden scattered scales and with two shining, narrow, longitudinal, emerald stripes ending at transverse suture. Postpronotal callus brown, with erect brownish hairs at base; postalar callus blackish, prealar prominence rounded. Scutellum flattened, with slender, yellowish brown spines. Medial spines distinctly longer than half length of scutellum at middle. Anepisternum densely punctate, with very short and appressed brown pile. Wing pattern as in Fig. 65. Wing membrane brownish infuscated, with pale (rather hyaline than yellowish) transverse band from crossvein R-M, through distal half of discal cell to basal part of cell m 2. Calypter brown, densely brownish haired along margin. Halter with brown stalk and black knob. Legs: coxa, femur and tibia dark brown, tarsi yellowish brown. Abdomen (Figs 53, 110) black to dark brown, without obvious reflections, finely punctate, with very fine micropile. Tergite 1 and 2 with brown pile along lateral margins, tergite 3 with paired lateral hair patches consisting of golden pile, similar but dense pilosity extensively covering tergite 4 and almost completely covering tergite 5 (Fig. 110). Sternites brown, mainly bare. Male terminalia (Figs 112–114): Proctiger (Fig. 114) unusually high, subtriangular, cerci not reaching beyond tip of proctiger. Genital capsule (Fig. 112) subquadrate, posterior medial process of genital capsule bilobed, resembling that of P. continua but middle incision more pointed, gonostylus leafshaped as in other species. Posterolateral papillae of aedeagal complex relatively long, with two transverse ridges but without any basal hyaline spines (Fig. 113). Female. Unknown. Variation. Unknown. Material examined. Only the holotype from Indonesia (Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumba) is known.Published as part of Mason, Franco & Rozkošný, Rudolf, 2011, A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 3007 on page 13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27848

Ptilocera quadridentata Fabricius 1805

Ptilocera quadridentata Fabricius, 1805 (Figs 2 b, 3–4, 13, 17–20, 22 – 23, 38–41, 46 – 50, 55–56, 66 – 67, 115–127) Stratiomys 4 dentata Fabricius 1805: 86. Type material. Two female syntypes in ZMUC, København. The lectotype, herewith designated, is labelled: "/ P: 4 dentata, Sumatra, Daldorff/ Ptilocera 4 dentata Wied./ LECTOTYPUS Ptilocera quadridentata Fabricius 1805: 86, Ƥ, Mason & Rozkošný des. 2008 ”. The second syntype is labeled the same except “/ PARALECTOTYPUS Ptilocera quadridentata Fabricius 1805: 86, Ƥ, Mason & Rozkošný des., 2008 ". Condition: Lectotype: tarsi of middle right and hind legs missing. Paralectotype: tarsi of all right legs missing, posterior margin of wing membrane partly broken. Diagnosis. A species characterised by dense golden presutural area of scutum, only broad medial band in middle contrastingly black. Antenna entirely dark in male but distal half of apical flagellomere pale in female. Male wing with relatively narrow, irregular transverse streak in middle, microtrichia on female wing reduced only in narrow longitudinal stripe in middle of posterior cubital cell in addition to some other small areas. Female calypter with conspicuously white marginal fringe. Description. Male (Figs 19, 23, 55–56, 66, 115–119): Length (mm): body 6.2–9.8, wing 5.2–8.7 (n = 41). Head. Frontal spot relatively small, rounded, finely divided in middle (Fig. 19). Antenna (Fig. 116) completely brown, basal flagellomere slightly longer than broad, apical flagellomere 4.0–5.0 times as long as preceding flagellomere. Face covered by tiny erect silvery pile except medial tubercle. Thorax (Fig. 115) black, densely and finely punctate, with presutural area of scutum covered by dense velvety golden pile and greenish iridescent scales. Golden area divided medially by a broad, mainly black, longitudinal stripe that is widened toward suture. Scales relatively sparse on scutellum, four scutellar spines brown, yellowish apically, about half as long as scutellum at middle (Fig. 115). Postpronotal callus black, brownish at top; postalar callus black. Wing (Fig. 66) brown infuscated with transverse, well defined yellowish stripe from stigma to basal half of anterior arm of cubital vein. Microtrichia reduced only at base of wing. Halter with brownish to yellowish stem and darkened knob. Legs and coxae brown, tarsi brown, usually with golden pile. Abdomen (Fig. 115) black, almost without reflections, finely punctate, with fine micropile. Paired hair patches on tergite 4 in form of convergent, slightly sinuate stripes, tergite 5 with two extensive hair patches resembling those of P. continua. Sternites black, covered by tiny silverish and appressed pile. Male terminalia (Figs 55–56, 117– 119): epandrium quadrate, cerci barely reaching beyond apex of proctiger (119), medial process of genital capsule bilobed, moderately concave at middle (Fig. 117), gonocoxal apodemes relatively long, aedeagal complex with short posterolateral papillae provided with dense basal row of hyaline and flat spines (Fig. 118). Female (Figs 2 b, 13, 17–20, 22, 26, 38–41, 48 – 50, 55–56, 67, 120–127). Length (mm): body 6.6–11.7 (n = 88), wing 6.1–10.9 (n = 88). Head (Fig. 17, 20), ocellar triangle (Fig. 18). Lower frons black, with two large triangular patches of appressed silverish pilosity at eye margins (Fig. 22). Frontal index: 0.8–1.5 (avg = 1.1, n = 79). Antenna (Figs 13, 122) dark brown, only distal quarter of apical flagellomere snow white. Basal flagellomere subquadrate, apical flagellomere about 4.5 times longer than preceding flagellomere. Basal segment of palpus dark, with mixed whitish and brown pile, apical segment velvety brown (Fig. 26), Thorax (Figs 120, 123) black as in male, presutural area of scutum covered by medially divided golden area as in male, scales in presututal area of scutum elongate oval with apical tip (Fig. 35), in anterior part mixed with slightly dilated setulae inserted in globular basal structures (Fig. 39). Pile on postsutural area consisting mainly of long and more dilated setulae (Fig. 40). Scutellum (Fig. 120) with scattered silverish scales and four rather short yellowish to brown spines, medial spines barely reaching 1 / 3 of scutellar length at middle. Anterior spiracle oblong (Fig. 47), prealar prominence as in other species (cf. Figs 30–34). Wing (Fig. 67) uniformly brown infuscated, without yellowish transverse streak that is present in male. Bare areas limited, confined to basal cells, alula, very narrow longuitudinal stripe along middle of posterior cubital cell and at most small patch at base of anterior cubital cell. Calypter brown with long white marginal hairs (Fig. 46), halter as in Fig. 48 and its surface sensillae in Fig. 49. Legs black, tarsi covered with brownish pile (apical tarsomeres of fore tarsus in Fig. 50). Abdomen mainly black, with bluish reflections, finely punctate. Short appressed pile on abdominal tergites consisting of slender setulae inserted in globular structures (Fig. 41). Hair patches (Figs 120–121) represented by oblique stripes on tergites 3–4 and oval, ring-shaped spots on tergite 5. Female terminalia (Figs 124–127): Apical segment of cercus relatively short (Fig. 124), subgenital plate long and tapered distally as in other species (Fig. 127), genital furca (Figs 125–126) with large median aperture, differently concave posterior margin of frame and distinct prominences at inner base of posterolateral projections. Variation. Some variation was noted in females: a reddish brown spot above the antennae may be more or less distinct, the basal flagellomere may be reddish brown to dark brown and the posterior cubital cell may be rarely completely covered with microtrichia. Remarks. The characteristic pattern of the thorax and abdomen may be sometimes less distinct in older specimens. But then the males may be distinguished by the characteristric terminalia with species-specific aedeagal complex and the females by the conspicuously white marginal fringe of calypter in combination with the characteristically coloured last antennal flagellum. Material examined. 129 3, 218 Ƥ (including female lectotype and paralectotype). Oceania: Fidji (introd.). Oriental Region: Cambodia: Siem Reap: Angkor Thom. Indonesia: Java: Baros; Batavia [=Jakarta]; Batoerraden; Bibidjilan, Banten; Bogor [=Buitenzorg]; Depok; Djampang Mts.; Gunung Banter; Gunung Gedeh; Gunung Slamat; Jampang Tengah; Malang; Oengaran [=Ungaran]; Padang; Pelaboean Ratoe [=Pelabuhan Ratu]; Preanger [=Priangan]; Radjamandala; Semarang; Soekaboemi [=Sukabumi]; Tjiangsana; Tjibarangbang; Tjibodas, Tjiogreg; Tjimerang; Wynkoopsbay. Kalimantan: Barabei. Sumatra: Fort de Kock [=Bukitinggi]; Kambang; Medan; Padang Tarap; Tandjung; Tapanoeli. Sumbawa: Sepanjang. Laos: Bolikhamxai: Ban Nape. Malaysia: Pahang: Kuala Tembeling; Lata Lembik, Raub; Penang. Sabah: Danum Valley; Ranau; Poring. Sarawak: Mount Dulit [3 ° 20´N, 114 °09´E]; Selangor: Hulu Langat. Sembilan Islands: Lukut, Negri. Philippines: Palawan: Brooke´s Point, Tigoplan River; Porto Princessa; Tarumpitao. Singapore. Thailand: Chiang Mai: Don Inthanon; Khun Klang; Samoeng. Mae Hong Son: Ban Nam Rin, Nakhon Ratchasima: Khao Yai National Park. Trang: Khao Chong trail, near Forest Research Station. Vietnam: Nam Ha, Pulo Condore [=Con Dao]. Palaearctic Region: Japan (introd.). Data: from 24.i. to 31.xii. Examined specimens deposited in BMNH, BPBM, CAS, CNC, FSMU, IRSNB, MHC, MSNM, MMB, RMNH, SMF, USNM, ZMAN, ZMHB. We also examined 3 puparial exuviae (without cephalic capsule) pinned with emerged adults, labelled Batavia [=Jakarta, Java], April 1908, in ZMAN (cf. Figs 3–4). A female (Fig. 2 b) was photographed by N. Messina at Poring, Ranau District in Malaysian Sabah, in an ecotonal area of a lowland forest of Dipterocarpaceae, basking in sun on a leaf of Musa paradisiaca, June 10, 2008 at 8 a. m. (N. Messina, pers. comm., 2010). Distribution. This species was recorded in the Oriental Region from Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia including Sabah and Sarawak, Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumbawa); it is apparently missing in western part of the Oriental Region (including India, Myanmar, Nepal and Sri Lanka) but its incidence in southern China is highly possible. The published records include localities from the Philippines (Walker 1856 a), Java and Sumatra (Fabricius 1805, Walker 1849, Gerstaecker 1857, Wulp 1881, de Meijere 1904, 1911, 1916 b, 1918, Enderlein 1914, Edwards 1915, Frey 1934, Lindner 1937), Kalimantan (de Meijere 1907), Sulawesi (Walker 1861 c), West Malaysia (Brunetti 1927), Sarawak (Walker 1856 b), Singapore (Walker 1858) and Thailand (Brunetti 1923). We can document the occurrence of this species in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam for the first time. In BMNH we found a female from Japan (Yokohama, 25.v. 1906, presented by Brunetti, B.M, 1927 – 184, identified by D. Hollis). It was probably introduced to Japan from the Oriental Region with some wood material (the larva was found under the bark of trees, see the Introduction). Likewise the occurrence of 3 specimens from Fiji (4. ii. 1954 2 Ƥ, 18.iv. 1954 1 3, H. W. Simmonds, in BMNH) indicates an introduction from the Oriental Region. Records from the Australasian Region published by Walker (1858, 1860, 1861 a, 1861 b, 1861 c, 1866) and van der Wulp (1898) belong actually to P. violacea (see Distribution of this species).Published as part of Mason, Franco & Rozkošný, Rudolf, 2011, A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 3007 on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27848

Ptilocera continua Walker 1851

Ptilocera continua Walker, 1851 (Figs 1, 2 a, 5–9, 11, 15–16, 25, 32, 36, 44, 51, 54, 62–63, 95 – 107) Ptilocera continua Walker, 1851: 84. Ptilocera fastuosa Gerstaecker, 1857: 332, syn. nov. Ptilocera fastuosa ssp. dilutiapitis Lindner, 1938: 434. Nomen nudum. Type material: P. continua Walker: The female holotype is deposited in London (BMNH) and labelled: "This specimen is probably the type of Ptilocera continua Walk., E. E. 26.VII. 1912 /Java, A. R. Wallace/Presumed HOLOTYPE of Ptilocera continua Walker, det. J. E. CHAINEY 1982 / HOLOTYPUS Ƥ Ptilocera continua Walker, 1851: 84, Mason & Rozkošný rev., 2009 ". Condition: The distal half of the left wing missing and the stronger veins of the right wing broken proximally. Ptilocera fastuosa Gerstaecker: Two syntypes (3 and Ƥ) in ZMHB. The male lectotype is hereby designated and labelled: " Ceylon, Nietn. [handwritten on grey label]/ 1857 / Type [red label]/ fastuosa Gerst. /Zool. Mus. Berlin/ LECTOTYPUS 3 Ptilocera fastuosa Gerstaecker, 1857: 332, F. Mason & R. Rozkošný det., 2010 ". The female paralectotype, is labelled: " Ceylon Nietner S. [on yellow label]/ Paratypus [red label]/ Ptilocera fastuosa Gerstaeck. Paratypus Ƥ/ PARALECTOTYPUS Ƥ, Ptilocera fastuosa Gerstaecker, 1857: 332, F. Mason & R. Rozkošný det., 2010 ". Condition: Apical segment of right cercus in paralectotype missing. Relevant terminalia preserved in microvials on same pin. Diagnosis. Apical flagellomere completely brown in male and partly white in female. Metallic shining scales on scutum arranged in more or less distinct paired longitudinal stripes, medial and lateral, both at least partly confluent on each side of presutural area in males. Hair patches on abdominal tergite 5 in form of two transversely oval and medially more or less open rings. Female wing with markedly reduced microtrichia. Description. Male (Figs 5–6, 15– 16, 62, 95–100). Length (mm): body 5.6–11.0 (n = 85), wing 5.2–10.3 (n = 86). Head (Figs 15‒16). Antenna completely brown to black (Figs 5–6, 97), last flagellomere 4.0–5.0 times as long as penultimate flagellomere, basal flagellomere slightly longer than broad, two basal flagellomeres sometimes with brownish color. Thorax (Fig. 95) black, finely punctuate, scutum covered with very short reddish brown pile. Metallic iridescent scales covering presutural area of scutum except broad median band and continuing on postsutural area as broad lateral longitudinal stripes. Medial stripes usually reduced in postsutural area. Scutellum (Fig. 95) slightly convex dorsally, with iridescent scales distinct along broad margin. Scutellar spines slightly turned up, their distal halves usually yellow to reddish brown, 0.5–0.7 as long as scutellum at middle. Wing (Fig. 62) blackish infuscated, with yellowish, irregular, relatively narrow and contrasting transverse band. Apex and posterior wing margin in apical third sometimes paler. Wing microtrichia partly reduced only on extreme wing base. Calypter dark brown, with brown to black, dense and wool-like marginal hairs. Halter blackish, stalk usually somewhat paler. Legs black, basal 1‒2 tarsomeres on mid and hind legs sometimes reddish brown. Abdomen (Fig. 95) black, finely punctate, hair patches usually longitudinal or indistinct on tergite 3 and oblique to transverse on tergite 4, a pair of transversely oval, ring-shaped and medially bare hair-patches distinct on tergite 5. Male terminalia (Figs 98‒100): Dorsal part (Fig. 100) as in other species, proctiger relatively short. Genital capsule (Fig. 98) somewhat tapered proximally, medial lobes on posterior margin high, almost pointed apically. Gonostylus leaf-shaped, relatively broad. Posterolateral papillae of aedeagal complex with only one transverse, subapical ridge and a basal group of hyaline spines (Fig. 99). Aedeagal apodeme transverse at proximal end. Female (Figs 1, 2 a, 7–9, 25, 32, 36, 51, 54, 63, 101–107). Length (mm): body 6.4–11.2 (n = 60), wing 5.9–9.8 (n = 59). Head. Frons black, punctate, with brownish to black, very short pile in upper half and two subtriangular or rounded, silverish white tomentose spots usually being larger than in other species. Frontal index: 1.0–1.3 (avg = 1.1, n = 54). Antenna (Figs 7–9, 11, 103) dark brown, only pedicel and basal 1–2 flagellomere sometimes reddish brown, apical flagellomere snow white at least on apical half. Basal flagellomere usually slightly longer than broad, apical flagellomere about 2.5 times as long as penultimalte flagellomere. Palpus (Fig. 25) distictly broadened. Scutum (Figs 1, 2 a, 101) with mainly silverish, greenish to violet shining scales arranged into two pairs of longitudinal stripes reaching base of scutellum and continuing on its broad margin. In presutural area medial and lateral stripes fused only along anterior margin. Scales in presutural area of scutum (Fig. 36) subquadrate, with 3 teeth at distal margin, distinctly shorter and clearly differing from those found in other females of all examined species (cf. Figs 26‒28). Prealar prominence (Fig 32) as in other species. Scutellar spines much shorter than in male, reaching about ¼ of scutellum length at middle (Fig. 101). Wing mainly brown infuscated, irregular transverse yellowish streak usually absent or at most indistinct (cf. wing of holotype, Fig. 63), wing microtrichia extensively reduced in alula, basal part of anal cell, large area of posterior cubital cell and in proximal part of anterior cubital cell. Calypter, halter and legs as in male. Pretarsus of fore leg as in Fig. 51. Abdomen (Figs 54, 101) mainly black, with bluish reflections, finely punctuate. Hair patches on tergite narrow or broader, longitudinally oriented, on tergite 4 relatively narrow and oblique, ring-shaped as in male on tergite 5. Genital furca (Figs 105–107) usually with large median aperture as in other species and deep median incision at posterior margin of frame. Variation. The female apical flagellomere is sometimes almost completely white, at most indistinctly darkened basally; on the other hand, in several specimens the white part is confined to the apical third or less. The transverse yellowish streak on the wing is relatively narrow in the male but indistict or entirely missing in the female. A reduction of the wing microtrichia is only very limited in the male and conspicuous in the female. The marginal fringe of the female calypter is usually dark, rarely partly whitish. Some variation was noted in the extent of the abdominal hair patches on tergites 3 and 4 in both sexes (cf. Figs 95–96, 101‒ 102). Remarks. Most authors identified this species as P. fastuosa. The name of P. continua appears (in addition to the original description by Walker 1851 from Java) only in Brunetti (1907), (two females named by Bigot from the Andaman Islands). Edwards (1915) was the first to propose the synonymy of continua and fastuosa but his concept was not accepted by subsequent authors. Kertész (1916) tried to separate the females of both “species” by a transverse, irregular, yellow streak on the wing, which should be absent in continua, and his key was essentially replaced by Brunetti (1923). P. fastuosa subsp. dilutiapicis Lindner has never been described, only the name is listed in the Lindner´s paper from 1938. Material examined. 244 3 and 285 Ƥ (including 1 3 and 2 Ƥ types). Cambodia: Siem Reap: Angkor Thom. India: Assam: Chabur, Doom Dooma, Tezpur. Kerala: Kallar; Trivandrum. Tamil Nadu: Anaimalai Hills; Coimbatore; Madras [=Chennai]; Nilgiri Hills. Indonesia: Flores. Java: Bibidjilan; Djampangs Mts; Djampang Tengah; Sentani; Serdang; Soekaboemi [=Sukabumi]; Wynkoopsbay. Simeulue: Sinabang. Sulawesi: Danowudu; Manado; Utara; Dumoga Bone National Park. Sumatra: Tanjung Morawa. Laos: Khammounane: Nongtevada; Moung Sayaboury. Vientaine: Ban Na Pheng; Vang Vieng. Malaysia: Pahang: Kuala Tembeling; Kedah: Jitra; Pulau Langkawi, Sabah: Bettotan near Sandakan; Sapulut, Batu Punggul; Selangor: Ulu Gombak. Myanmar (without locality, 1 Ƥ in BMNH); Nepal: Chitvan District, Sauraha National Park. Philippines: Leyte: Ormoc; Biliran. Luzon: Albey Province, Banahao Mt. [=Mount Banahaw]; Bataan; Caguscos, Libon; Los Banos; Makilling Mt.; Manila. Masbate: Moboarea. Mindanao: Bukidnon; Bukidusu; Davao; Dapitan; Kolambugan; Manalio; Surigao; Tangcolan, Zamboanga Mt. Palawan: Brooke´s Point. Panay. Singapore. Sri Lanka: Anniewatte; Colombo Park; Gampaha Botanical Garden; Gannoruwa Timber Reserve; Galle Unawatuna; Gilimale; Henarathgoda; Kahalla; Kandy; Katugastota; Kitulgala Jungle; Kott; Kurana; Labugama Reservoir; Maha-Oia; Matale; Mirigama Scout Camp; Lavinia Mt.; Nugegoda; Paradeniya; Rajavaka; Ratnapura; Suduganga; Sankt Uduvattakelle; Uggalkalcota, Thailand: Chiang Mai: Ban Pha Mon; Chiang Mai City, lower slopes of Doi Suthep Mts., 360 m, 7. xi. 2006 1 Ƥ (see photo by M. Kemal: Fig 2 a). Loei: Na Haeo. Mae Hong Son: Pangmapha. Phuket: Koh Siray; National Park Khao Phra Thaew; Nam Lang River; Phuket. Tak: Sam Ngao, Bhunipol Dam. Vietnam: Nam Ha, Pulo Condore [=Con Dao]; Tay Ninh. Data: from 15.i. to 18.xii. Examined specimens deposited in BMNH, BPBM, CNC, CNBFVR, FSMU, IRSNB, MSNM, MHC, MHNG, MMB, RMNH, SMF, UCR, USNM, ZIB, ZMAN, ZMUC, ZMHB. Distribution: Records from the Oriental Region are available from Nepal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), continental India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, W and E Malaysia, Indonesia (Simeulue, Sumatra, Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor and Sulawesi). In addition to material examined, further localities are given in papers by Schiner (1868), Brunetti (1907, 1920, 1923, 1927), de Meijere (1916 a), Frey (1934) and Lindner (1937, 1955). Probably all published records of P. fastuosa (= P. continua) from the Australasian Region actually refer to P. violacea (as we could partly confirm by a study of the original material (see under P. violacea). The paralectotype of Ptilocera amethystina from Sulawesi (see type material of P. amethystina) is conspecific with P. continua and both alleged syntypes of P. smaragdina Snellen van Vollenhoven (not Walker) from Manado on Sulawesi (see Woodley 2001: 136) belong to P. continua as well (see Remarks under P. smaragdina).Published as part of Mason, Franco & Rozkošný, Rudolf, 2011, A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 3007 on pages 10-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27848

Rosapha Walker

<i>Rosapha</i> Walker <p> <i>Rosapha</i> Walker, 1859: 100. Type species: <i>Rosapha habilis</i> Walker (by monotypy).</p> <p> <i>Rosaphula</i> Frey, 1934: 303, <b>syn. nov.</b> Type species: <i>Rosaphula handschini</i> Frey, 1934 (by monotypy).</p> <p> <b>Redescription and taxonomic remarks.</b> Most species treated here possess four scutellar spines, the same type of wing venation, and usually an elongated and fairly flattened abdomen (except <i>R. obscurata</i> and <i>R. stigmatica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>). In this respect they resemble the genus <i>Evaza</i> Walker. However, the shape of the antenna is rather different since the last flagellomere in <i>Evaza</i> is arista-like.</p> <p> Eyes in male are contiguous for nearly entire distance between ocellar triangle and frons (Figs 2, 13). The ocellar triangle is distinctly prominent, placed close to the posterior margin of the head (Fig. 42), but conspicuously shifted toward the middle of frons in <i>R. obscurata</i> (Figs 40–41). The ommatidia on the lower third of the male eye are much smaller than in upper two-thirds. The upper frons is narrow and short, almost indistinct in some species. The lower frons is mostly subtriangular, with or without whitish tomentose frontal spots. The antenna always has rather short basal segments and an oval or subconical, more or less swollen, basal part of flagellum, consisting of 5–6 visible flagellomeres. The penultimate flagellomere is usually short and narrow, and the last flagellomere is usually long, densely haired, or flattened (Figs 1, 12, 32).</p> <p> In <i>R. handschini</i> <b>comb. nov.</b> the arista is relatively thin and densely covered by short black hairs leaving only apical 1/5 bare (Fig. 32). The last flagellomere, including pilosity, is thus transformed into an apparently rod-like apical style with relatively long apical seta. In <i>R. bimaculata</i>, <i>R. flagellicornis</i>, <i>R. habilis, R. stigmatica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, and <i>R. umbripennis</i>, the last flagellomere is somewhat thicker and the black dense hairs are longer. The apical style (including pilosity) is thus more robust, cylindrical, pointed apically, and, at most, with a short apical seta (cf. Fig.</p> <p>1). In the five remaining species the apical style is laterally flattened, band-shaped, with a more or less distinct median rib (probably the remainder of the original arista). The entire surface of this type of apical style is covered by short pubescence which is more distinct at the margins (Fig. 12).</p> <p> The face below antennae is short, continuing as a concave part of the lower head. Whitish tomentose frontal spots above the antennae may be present or absent in both sexes (Figs 33–39). The facial part of the eye margin is bordered by a relatively narrow, whitish tomentose band on each side, although the facial bands are indistinct in <i>R. handschini.</i> The labellum of the proboscis is darkened or bright yellow; the two-segmented palpus is usually yellowish at its base but with a darkened and oval apical segment.</p> <p> The thorax is elongated, slightly widened toward the postalar calli, the scutum may be predominantly reddish yellow or black. The four scutellar spines show a characteristic configuration (strong medial pair and usually much shorter outer pair), but this difference is less pronounced in some species (e.g. in <i>R. brevispinosa</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>). The wing pattern may be confined only to the dark brown stigma (<i>R. stigmatica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>) and even the stigma may be only pale yellow (<i>R. flavistigmatica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>R. obscurata</i>). In the legs only some colour differences are speciesspecific.</p> <p> The abdomen is usually elongated and distictly longer than wide but the abdomen of <i>R. stigmatica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>R. obscurata</i> is unusually short, clavate or almost round. The male terminalia correspond with the groundplan of the Pachygastrinae. The epandrium seems to be relatively large in most species, the gonostylus usually has a distinct inner spine and the compact aedeagal complex appears as apomorphic, with a distinct phallus and parameres and a rod-like or proximally dilated aedeagal apodeme.</p> <p> The female differs externally by the shape of the head (cf. Figs 3, 14) and partly also of the abdomen. The head is dichoptic, the eyes are separated by a frons which is broadest at the level of the anterior ocellus and narrowed to the upper boundary of the lower third. From this level the frons widens again to the level of the antennae. Considering the well developed frons, the female head is usually broader than in the associate male. The whitish tomentose frontal spots are absent in larger species and in <i>R. stigmatica</i> but distinctly developed in all other species. The postocular area is band-shaped, usually somewhat narrowed laterally, at most as broad as the scape is long at the posterior inner angle of the eye. The basal part of the flagellum is usually larger than in males and the apical style sometimes shorter. The shape of the abdomen is also somewhat different, generally broader and the maximum width is shifted closer to the middle. The female terminalia are characterised by the relatively long, two-segmented cerci. Tergite 9 is well developed, narrow but complete. Tergite 8 and sternite 8 (subgenital plate) are long as in many other Pachygastrinae, the genital furca is elongate subtriangular, with a narrow frame, which is very fine, hyaline and similar between species.</p> <p> <i>Rosapha handschini</i> was described in the monotypic genus <i>Rosaphula</i> by Frey (1934), who supposed that the unusual shape of the apical stylus was sufficient for the recognition of a new genus. Actually, we think that this form of the apical stylus is only a plesiomorphic state of the densely and long haired arista, which developed into the flattened, band-shaped structure in some species. All other characters (shape of head, wing venation, configuration of four scutellar spines and terminalia of both sexes) correspond with the groundplan of <i>Rosapha</i>. <i>Rosaphula</i> is thus proposed here as a new synonym of <i>Rosapha</i>.</p> Key to species <p>1 Scutum predominantly reddish yellow (Figs 55–56)......................................................... 2</p> <p>- Scutum black (Figs 57–58).............................................................................. 5</p> <p>2 Hind tibia predominantly or entirely black; scutum usually with a black medial spot in anterior third................... 3</p> <p> - Hind tibia entirely yellow; blackish median stripe on scutum more or less distinct................... <i>R. flavipes</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p> 3 All tibiae black.................................................................. <i>R. flagellicornis</i> Enderlein</p> <p>- Only hind tibia at least partly black...................................................................... 4</p> <p> 4 Hind femur completely yellow; hind tibia often with yellowish base (Figs 63–65)..................... <i>R. habilis</i> Walker</p> <p> - Hind femur with blackish apex; hind tibia entirely black (Figs 55–56).................. <i>R. bimaculata</i> Wulp in de Meijere</p> <p> 5 Ocellar tubercle shifted toward middle of frons; vertex unusually long in both sexes (Figs 40–41) … <i>R. obscurata</i> de Meijere</p> <p>- Ocellar tubercle at posterior eye angles (Fig. 42)............................................................ 6</p> <p> 6 Abdominal segments 1–3 extensively reddish yellow on both sides.................... <i>R. handschini</i> <b>comb. nov.</b> (Frey)</p> <p>- Abdominal segments 1–3 as black as rest of abdomen....................................................... 7</p> <p> 7 Wing almost completely hyaline, only cell r5 slightly brownish and stigma yellow (Fig. 62)...... <i>R. flavistigmatica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p>- At least stigma dark brown............................................................................. 8</p> <p> 8 Wing darkening confined to dark brown stigma (cell r1) (Fig. 71)............................... <i>R. stigmatica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p>- Wing uniformly infuscated (Figs 57, 73) or with two darkened areas (Figs 74–75)................................. 9</p> <p>9 Wing uniformly infuscated; darkening along anterior wing margin not interrupted by transparent area, halter black...... 10</p> <p> - Two dark patches on wing distinct, separated by contrastingly transparent area including cell r2+3 and basal part of cell r5, extreme wing apex usually more hyaline; halter pale....................................................................... <i>R. variegata</i> de Meijere</p> <p> 10 Medial scutellar spines at most as long as half length of scutellum at middle (Fig. 15); frontal whitish tomentose spots narrow, well separated from eye margins and facial stripes (Figs 13–14).............................. <i>R. brevispinosa</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p> - Medial scutellar spines about as long as scutellum at middle (cf. Fig. 4); female frontal spots broad, touching eye margins and confluent with facial stripes (Fig. 39).................................................... <i>R. umbripennis</i> Lindner</p>Published as part of <i>Kovac, Damir & Rozkošný, Rudolf, 2012, A revision of the genus Rosapha Walker (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 3333 (1)</i> on pages 2-4, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3333.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/210456">http://zenodo.org/record/210456</a&gt

Rosapha handschini Frey, comb. nov.

Rosapha handschini (Frey) comb. nov. (Figs 27 –29, 31–33, 66, 79) Rosaphula handschini Frey, 1934: 303 Diagnosis. Basal part of flagellum short (rounded in m and short oval in ♀), pilosity of last flagellomere relatively short and apical style thus slender, almost rod-like, long apical seta distinct, tomentose frontal spots well developed. Scutum and scutellum black, only spines reddish yellow, wing with two separated darkened spots, legs reddish yellow including tarsi. Abdomen black, with extensive reddish brown median patch on tergites 2–4. Description. Male (Figs 27 –29, 31– 33). Length: body 5.2–5.7 mm, wing 5.3 –6.0 mm. Head (Fig. 33) about 1.3 times higher than long in lateral view and about 1.4 times as wide as long in dorsal view. Upper frons very narrow, barely as long as ocellar triangle, lower frons small and subtriangular, covered by whitish tomentum except for tip. Antenna (Fig. 32) bright yellow, only last three flagellomeres black. Scape about 1.5 times longer than pedicel, basal flagellomeres widened, forming short oval basal part of flagellum. Apical style somewhat shifted dorsally, slender, with pilosity barely as broad as half width of pedicel at distal margin, with long apical seta occupying 1 / 5 of last flagellomere length. Last flagellomere (including apical seta) 2.3 times as long as rest of antenna. Narrow whitish lines along inner margin of eyes in facial area indistinct, confluent with short and sparse whitish hairs on surface of face. Basal segment of palpus and labellum of proboscis yellow, apical segment of palpus black. Thorax predominantly shining black, only postpronotal callus, broad upper margin of anepisternum, postalar callus and posterior margin of scutellum including scutellar spines yellowish. Posterior margin of anepisternum and anepimeron brownish. Wing pattern of a bimaculate type but subapical spot diffuse and not too conspicuous. Halter yellow. Legs yellow, only fore tarsi darkened. Abdomen elongate and slightly clavate, about twice as long as broad, black in ground colour but 3 basal abdominal segments with extensive yellow spots on both sides leaving only narrow midline and lateral margin darkened. Male terminalia (Figs 27 –29, 31) brownish, proctiger pentagonal and cercus short, epandrium relatively narrow (Fig. 27), genital capsule with subtriangular medial process posteriorly and each gonocoxite with posteriorly oriented inner projection, gonostylus without inner spine (Fig. 28), spatulate in posterolateral view (Fig. 31). Aedeagal complex relatively short, with rod-like aedeagal apodeme (Fig. 29). Female (Fig. 66). Length: body 5.4 mm, wing 5.2 mm. Head dichoptic, narrowest part of frons as wide as half width of ocellar triangle, lower frons above antennae with transverse whitish tomentose spot. Swollen basal part of flagellum short oval, larger than in male, last flagellomere (including apical seta) about 1.8 times as long as rest of antenna. Postocular area easily visible along posterior margin of eye in lateral view, as broad as pedicel is long. Pale areas of thorax reddish yellow or brown, pale margin of scutellum distinctly narrower than in male (Fig. 66). Wing and legs as in male, abdomen slightly broader at middle, 1.5 times as long as broad. Pale pattern confined to central areas of tergites 2 and 3 and occupying entire sternites 1–3. Female terminalia brownish. Variation. In addition to some differences found between both sexes only slight variation among three examined males may be mentioned, e.g., the extent of the yellowish patches on the pleura and the abdomen. Material examined. Type material: The female holotype from Java, Tjibodas Gedeh, deposited in NMB (Woodley 2001) was not examined, but our four specimens perfectly fit the original description and also originated from the type locality. One female in BPBM is labelled "Compared with holotype Rosaphula handschini Frey, 1934: 303, N. E. Woodley 2003 " (see Other Material). Other material: Indonesia: Java: Tjibodas, Mt. Gede, altitude 4500 ft, 1909 2 3, 1 ♀, Bryant & Palmer, (female with additional label: "Compared with holotype Rosaphula handschini Frey, 1934: 303, N. E. Woodley 2003 "; Tjibodas, 2.viii. 1965 1 3, J. Winkler, all in BPBM. Distribution. Recorded only at Tjibodas on Java (Indonesia) (Fig. 79).Published as part of Kovac, Damir & Rozkošný, Rudolf, 2012, A revision of the genus Rosapha Walker (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 3333 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3333.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/21045

Rosapha obscurata

<i>Rosapha obscurata</i> de Meijere <p>(Figs 36, 40–41, 43, 67–69, 80)</p> <p> <i>Rosapha obscurata</i> de Meijere, 1916: 72 <b>Diagnosis.</b> Last flagellomere flattened, band-shaped, ocellar triangle shifted toward middle of frons in both sexes. Scutum and scutellum black, only posterior margin of scutellum and spines yellow. Wing almost completely hyaline, stigma yellow. Legs entirely yellow, abdomen unusually short, almost round to short clavate, black.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Male (Figs 36, 40, 43–46, 67–69). Length: body 4.3–5.6 mm, wing 4.2–5.6 mm. Head (Fig. 40) as in other small species but ocellar triangle shifted almost to middle of frons, vertex unusually long, longer than ocellar triangle. Upper frons indistinct, lower frons (Fig. 36) small, frontal whitish hair patch small but distinct, narrowly fused with facial tomentose stripes. Basal part of antenna reddish yellow, 2 apical flagellomeres black. Apical flagellomere flattened, band-shaped, about 1.5 times as long as rest of antenna. Labellum of proboscis bright yellow.</p> <p>Thorax black and densely covered with short, appressed, reddish yellow hairs, only pronotum and anterior part of scutum markedly shining (Figs 67–68). Top of postpronotal callus and narrow upper margin of anepisternum yellow. Scutellum black but its broad posterior margin including slender spines yellow. Pleura black, with appressed dense whitish pilosity, only usual part of anepisternum shining. Wing with brown stronger veins in basal half, yellow stigma and very slightly infuscated cell R5. Halter yellow, also all legs including coxae and tarsi pale yellow.</p> <p>Abdomen black, unusually short, almost round to short clavate and relatively convex dorsally. Abdominal pilosity very short, predominantly whitish, but black on disc. Male terminalia (Figs 43–46): Epandrium markedly narrowed toward apex, proctiger relatively short and cercus widened transversely, with short strong setae along outer margin and with a bunch of spine-like setae on proximal tip (Fig. 45), genital capsule unusually dilated transversely, medial process absent, gonostylus with distinct submedian inner spine, gonocoxal apodeme unusually long (Fig. 46), gonostylus slightly spatulate in posterolateral view (Fig. 44), aedeagal complex short, with proximally dilated aedeagal apodeme (Fig. 43).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 41). Length: body 5.0– 5.8 mm, wing 4.7–5.5 mm. Head (Fig. 41) broadly dichoptic, almost spherical in lateral view and twice as broad as long in dorsal view, ocellar triangle distinctly shifted to middle of frons, vertex behind it unusually long. Postocular area at upper inner eye angle distinctly broader than length of scape. Frons at narrowest point more than twice as broad as ocellar triangle. Two whitish tomentose spots above antennae transverse, finely separated at middle, reaching eye margin on both sides and continuing as facial stripes along facial eye margins. Frons and postocular area covered with appressed, silverish white pile. Basal antennal segments and thickened basal flagellomeres reddish yellow, last two flagellomeres black, last flagellomere flattened laterally, band-shaped, short pubescent, with very short and fine apical seta, about 1.5 times longer than rest of antenna. Somewhat swollen part of face below antennae sparsely covered with whitish hairs, concave lower part mostly bare and shining black. Labellum of proboscis yellow, small apical segment of palpus black. Postgena with long and erect white hairs. Thorax as in male but shining black, anterior part of scutum narrow and thoracic pile likewise appressed but longer and paler. Yellow posterior margin of scutellum somewhat broader and cell r5 on wing virtually hyaline. Legs completely yellow as in male. Abdomen also short and almost round.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> No variation except differences between sexes was recorded.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The male is described here for the first time.</p> <p> <b>Material examined. Type material:</b> The female holotype is deposited in ZMAN and labelled: "/ <i>Rosapha obscurata</i> de Meijere, 1916, ZMAN Type DIPT. 0 928.1 [red label]/, / <i>Rosapha obscurata</i>, det. de Meijere, Type/, / Edw. Jacobson, Fort de Kock [=Bukittingi], Sum. [=Sumatra], 10. 1913 [= X.1913]?/, /5659/".</p> <p> <b>Other material:</b> Indonesia: Sumatra, Bah Lias, 19. xi.1919, 1 ♀, J. B. Corporaal; Sumatra, Fort de Kock [=Bukittingi], 920 m, 1926, 1 ♀, E. Jacobson; both in ZMAN. Philippines: Mindanao: Sulu, Jolo I., Talipao, 15–30 m, 31. viii.1958, 1 3, H. E. Milliron, in BPBM. Thailand: Mae Hong Son, Pangmapha, Ban Nam Rin, larvae collected on 06.xi.2008 under bark of fallen tree, emerged on 08.iv.2009 [Alk 7, Probe1], 2 3, leg. D. Kovac; Mae Hong Son, Pangmapha, Ban Nam Rin, larva collected on 06.xi.2008 under bark of fallen tree, emerged on 16.v.2009 [Alk 26, Probe1], 1 ♀, leg. D. Kovac; Mae Hong Son, Pangmapha, Ban Nam Rin, larva collected on 06.xi.2008 under bark of fallen tree, emerged on 08.vi.2009 [Alk 33, Probe1], 1 ♀, leg. D. Kovac; Mae Hong Son, Pangmapha, near Pai Viewpoint [Kiew Lom], sweeping along stream, 8. iv.2010, 1 3, D. Kovac, all in SMF.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Indonesia (Sumatra), Philippines (Mindanao) and North Thailand (Fig. 80).</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> Larvae of <i>R. obscurata</i> were found under bark of a fallen, rotting tree stem (our observations).</p>Published as part of <i>Kovac, Damir & Rozkošný, Rudolf, 2012, A revision of the genus Rosapha Walker (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 3333 (1)</i> on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3333.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/210456">http://zenodo.org/record/210456</a&gt