To the question of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the influence of obesity on the level of vitamin D

The influence of obesity on human health, as a multifactorial and multigenic disorder, is a rather complex, interdisciplinary and at the same time extremely urgent problem of modern society. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the consequences of obesity that negatively affects a person’s life expectancy. Vitamin D deficiency is rightfully considered a silent, non-infectious metabolic pandemic of the 21st century. Its significant role in the functioning of the human body is deep and multifaceted, since vitamin D is an integral regulator of the transcriptional activity of genes that control 3–5% of the human genome. There are ongoing discussions among experts in the medical community about the negative impact of obesity on 25 (OH) D levels, and the opposite hypothesis is also being discussed, where vitamin D deficiency is considered an independent risk factor for obesity. Both external causes of the formation of vitamin D deficiency against the background of excessive deposition of adipose tissue and internal metabolic processes underlying the pathogenetic association are analyzed two pathological conditions

Effects of bariatric surgery on bone metabolism: focusing on vitamin D

The main goal of bariatric surgery is weight loss due to fundamental differential changes in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract. At the same time, one of the most frequent complications of obesity surgery, especially operations associated with malabsorption, is vitamin D deficiency. Patients with obesity initially have a wide range of predisposing factors for metabolic diseases of the skeleton due to lifestyle problems. Nutrient deficiencies with high-calorie diets and a sedentary lifestyle with a tendency to wear clothing that covers most of the skin — reduces serum 25 (OH) D levels. In addition, the situation is aggravated by a decrease in the bioavailability of 25 (OH) D due to its sequestration in adipose tissue and its complete inaccessibility to the central blood flow. The consequences of bariatric surgery — a decrease in the amount of skin and malabsorption can aggravate the existing deficiency. As a result of a decrease in the level of 25 (OH) D and subsequent hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism, negatively affect the state of bone health. The presented literature review is devoted to the problems of obesity surgery and vitamin D deficiency. The main focus is on bone metabolism associated with bariatric surgery, the causes of pre and postoperative vitamin D deficiency are discussed, and recommendations for its treatment after obesity surgery are given

Lanreotide Autogel 120 mg at extended dosing intervals in patients with acromegaly biochemically controlled with octreotide LAR: The LEAD study

Objective: To evaluate extended dosing intervals (EDIs) with lanreotide Autogel 120 mg in patients with acromegaly previously biochemically controlled with octreotide LAR 10 or 20 mg. Design and methods: Patients with acromegaly had received octreotide LAR 10 or 20 mg/4 weeks for R6 months and had normal IGF1 levels. Lanreotide Autogel 120 mg was administered every 6 weeks for 24 weeks (phase 1); depending on week-24 IGF1 levels, treatment was then administered every 4, 6 or 8 weeks for a further 24 weeks (phase 2). Hormone levels, patient-reported outcomes and adverse events were assessed. Primary endpoint: proportion of patients on 6- or 8-week EDIs with normal IGF1 levels at week 48 (study end). Results: 107/124 patients completed the study (15 withdrew from phase 1 and two from phase 2). Of 124 patients enrolled, 77.4% were allocated to 6- or 8-week EDIs in phase 2 and 75.8% (95% CI: 68.3-83.3) had normal IGF1 levels at week 48 with the EDI (primary analysis). A total of 88.7% (83.1-94.3) had normal IGF1 levels after 24 weeks with 6-weekly dosing. GH levels were ≤2.5 mg/l in >90% of patients after 24 and 48 weeks. Patient preferences for lanreotide Autogel 120 mg every 4, 6 or 8 weeks over octreotide LAR every 4 weeks were high. Conclusions: Patients with acromegaly achieving biochemical control with octreotide LAR 10 or 20 mg/4 weeks are possible candidates for lanreotide Autogel 120 mg EDIs. EDIs are effective and well received among such patients

THE PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF VITAMIN D AND CALCIUM DEFICIENCIES IN THE ADULT POPULATION OF RUSSIA AND IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROSIS (ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF PREPARED CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS)

The paper presents data on the role of vitamin D and calcium in the function of many human organs and tissues. Lifestyle, dietary preferences, and insufficient physical activity contribute to the high prevalence of vitamin D and calcium deficiencies in the adult population of Russia, causing different diseases and abnormalities. The authors have worked out recommendations for the preventive use of vitamin D and calcium in healthy population, give consumption rates for these substances, and describe the clinical and laboratory signs of vitamin D deficiency and indications for screening. They also propose treatment regimens for vitamin D deficiency and depict the signs of intoxication inoverdose. Particular emphasis is laid on the place of vitamin D and calcium in the therapy of osteoporosis

Micromechanical Properties of Injection-Molded Starch–Wood Particle Composites

The micromechanical properties of injection molded starch–wood particle composites were investigated as a function of particle content and humidity conditions. The composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The microhardness of the composites was shown to increase notably with the concentration of the wood particles. In addition,creep behavior under the indenter and temperature dependence were evaluated in terms of the independent contribution of the starch matrix and the wood microparticles to the hardness value. The influence of drying time on the density and weight uptake of the injection-molded composites was highlighted. The results revealed the role of the mechanism of water evaporation, showing that the dependence of water uptake and temperature was greater for the starch–wood composites than for the pure starch sample. Experiments performed during the drying process at 70°C indicated that the wood in the starch composites did not prevent water loss from the samples.Peer reviewe

THE PROBLEMS OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND THEIR COVERAGE ON THE ALL-RUSSIAN CONGRESS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY VI

С 27 по 31 мая в Москве успешно прошел VI Всероссийский конгресс эндокринологов, в котором участвовало 1415 специалистов: 1350 — из всех регионов России, 65 — из 15 стран мира, включая Италию, Нидерланды, Швецию, Испанию, Израиль, Саудовскую Аравию, страны СНГ. Кроме эндокринологов, в конгрессе приняли участие терапевты, ревматологи, нефрологи, урологи, офтальмологи, неврологи, гинекологи, генетики, специалисты по визуализирующим методам исследования, радиологи