A survey ofacute histopathological effects of silver nanoparticles on liver, kidney with blood cells during oral administration in male mice (Mus musculus

زمینه و هدف : امروزه با افزایش استفاده از نانوذرات نقره در محصولات مختلف از جمله محصولات مصرفی و پزشکی، بررسی سمیت نانوذرات نقره، برای امنیت استفاده کنندگان از این محصولات، لازم و ضروری می باشد. بعضی از مطالعات نشان می دهد که کبد و کلیه اندام اصلی برای تجمع و ذخیره این مواد می باشند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر خوراکی نانوذرات نقره بر بافت کبد ، کلیه و بررسی تغییرات در سلول های خونی در موش سفید آزمایشگاهی طراحی و اجرا شد. روش بررسی : در این مطالعه تجربی، 45 سر موش نر Balb/c) با وزن 3±2/24 گرم) به طور تصادفی در 3 گروه 15 تایی (تیمار1وتیمار2 و کنترل) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. درمان خوراکی با نانونقره روزانه در گروه تیمار1 با محلول ppm 20 و برای گروه تیمار2 با ppm 50 وگروه کنترل با همان مقدار آب مقطر تیمار شد. در روز های 2و7و14 نمونه گیری بافت از کبد و کلیه انجام شد. جهت بررسی های بافت شناسی از روش رنگ آمیزی هماتوکسیلین و ائوزین استفاده شد. یافته ها : آسیب های وارد شده به کبد ، منجر به واکوئله شدن سیتوپلاسم سلول های کبدی همراه با دژنراسیون و نکروز برخی سلول ها و تجمع کانونی سلول های آماسی در کبد همراه با پرخونی می شود. آسیب های وارد شده به کلیه در موش های دریافت کننده ی نانوذرات نقره شامل پرخونی ، حضور سلولهای آماسی، نکروز سلولهای توبولی وگلومرونفریت کلیه می باشد. این یافته هانشان می دهد که استفاده از نانوذرات نقره در دوز بالاتر( ppm 50) باعث افزایش شدت ضایعات در بافت کبد وکلیه می شود. در بررسی شمارش گلبول های قرمز و اندازه گیری هموگلوبین و هماتوکریت تفاوت معنی داری میان گروه تیمار و کنترل مشاهده نشد اما تعداد گلبول های سفید در گروه تیمار (غلظت ppm50 ) نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش معنی داری نشان داد(p<0.05). نتیجه گیری: این آزمایشات نشان داد که کبد و کلیه بافت هدف برای نانوذرات نقره می باشند و استفاده از نانوذرات نقره به صورت خوراکی باعث آسیب بافت کبد و کلیه موش ها می شود. این مطالعه نشان ‌داد که درمان خوراکی نانوذرات نقره باعث تغییرات قابل توجهی بر تعداد گلبول های سفید خون می شوند

Comparative impact of platelet rich plasma and transforming growth factor-β on chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells

Introduction: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is known as standard chondrogenic differentiation agent, even though it comes with undesirable side effects such as early hypertrophic maturation, mineralization, and secretion of inflammatory/angiogenic factors. On the other hand, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is found to have a chondrogenic impact on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation, with no considerable side effects. Therefore, we compared chondrogenic impact of TGF-β and PRP on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), to see if PRP could be introduced as an alternative to TGF-β. Methods: Differentiation of ADSCs was monitored using a couple of methods including glycosaminoglycan production, miRNAs expression, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) secretion, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium content assays. Results: Accordingly, the treatment of differentiating cells with 5% (v/v) PRP resulted in higher glycosaminoglycan production, enhanced SOX9 transcription, and lowered TNFα and VEGF secretion compared to the control and TGF-β groups. Besides, the application of PRP to the media up-regulated miR-146a and miR-199a in early and late stages of chondrogenesis, respectively. Conclusion: PRP induces in vitro chondrogenesis, as well as TGF-β with lesser inflammatory and hypertrophic side effects

Neural Dependency Parsing of Informal Persian

Persian has two distinct variants, the literary formal form that has been traditionally used in writing and the conversational informal form typically used in oral communications. With the advent of social media, the restrictions against the use of the conversational variant in writing have been relaxed in certain contexts, and speakers tend to write in the spoken informal form. The Use of conversational Persian on the Web creates a new challenge for the analysis of texts, as current grammars, academic textbooks, corpora, and computational models of this language focus mainly on the formal variant.In this dissertation, I present the phonological, morphological, and syntactic distinctions between formal and informal Persian, showing that these two variants have fundamental differences that cannot be attributed solely to pronunciation discrepancies. I then present the open-source Informal Persian Universal Dependency Treebank (iPerUDT), a new treebank created in this effort, and provide empirical evidence for the need of this treebank that focuses explicitly on informal language. Experimenting with two state-of-the-art parsers, I show that the distinctions between the two varieties raise a domain adaptation problem: parsers, primarily trained on formal data, face unknown tokens and structures when evaluated on informal data, and fail to generalize the basic patterns, thus making ill predictions in such conditions. Specifically, it is shown through examples that the majority of erroneous tokens as well as the dependency relations whose performance deteriorates the most represent the unique characteristics of informal grammar (Kabiri et al., 2022). Furthermore, I investigate different transfer learning methods to transfer knowledge from the source domain (i.e. formal) to the target domain (i.e. informal) with no training data or little training data and compare the outcomes to those of a supervised learning model. The results show that when at least a small amount of training data is available for the informal domain, transfer learning techniques can significantly increase the accuracy of the parsers. This emphasizes the significance of linguistic data annotation and indicates that knowledge transfer techniques combined with small corpora can alleviate the time and cost required to develop large datasets. Despite the fact that Persian has a large number of native speakers, it remains a low-resourced language with few annotated datasets and computational models. This dissertation contributes to the availability of more annotated datasets for this language with the goal of improving the language technology infrastructure. In comparison to languages that have received more attention, particularly English, Persian has unique linguistic and orthographic characteristics, posing a variety of challenges on various levels. The methods proposed in this dissertation may facilitate developing language resources and tools for languages with similar properties. In addition, the more accurate syntactic output of parsing models will be of use for future work in a wide variety of Persian natural language processing downstream tasks including but not limited to machine translation, sentiment analysis, summarization, dialogue systems, and speech recognition. The ultimate contribution of this dissertation that demonstrates a broader impact is to provide a stepping-stone to reveal the significance of informal variants of languages, which have been widely overlooked in natural language processing tools across languages

HTCC-Modified Nanoclay for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Synergistic Cell Growth and Antibacterial Efficiency

This paper deals with the synthesis of a biocompatible chitosan ammonium salt N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) and using it in montmorillonite ion-exchange process. HTCC-modified montmorillonite (Mt) with different chemical ratios was successfully synthesized, and their characteristics have been verified by XRD and FTIR analyses. Produced samples have been evaluated in terms of antibacterial efficiency and biocompatibility (cell culture test). Antibacterial efficiency of synthesized HTCC/Mt samples has been confirmed against both gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). The results disclosed that the antibacterial efficiency of HTCC-modified montmorillonite was unexpectedly even more than HTCC. This excellent synergistic effect has been referred to entrapping bacteria between the intercalated structures of HTCC-modified montmorillonite. Then HTCC on clay layers can seriously attack and damage the entrapped bacteria. An extraordinary biocompatibility, cell attachment, and cell growth even more than tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) have been recorded in the case of this novel kind of modified clay. Due to existing concerns about serious and chronic infections after implant placement, this natural-based bioactive and antibacterial modified clay can be used in electrospun nanofibers and other polymeric implants with promising mechanical properties for tissue engineering applications

Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Enterococcus Faecalis Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection in Shahrekord, Iran

Background: This study aims to specify the antimicrobial resistance pattern and virulence genes of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from urinary tract infections in Shahrekord, Iran.Methods: Urine samples of 1000 people suspected of having urinary tract infections referred to Shahrekord medical diagnostic laboratories were examined. Biofilm assays were performed by microtiter plate test through reading the OD490. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was applied to study the virulence factors.Results:Enterococcus faecalis was detected in 60 samples. After performing microbiological tests, all samples were positive in the molecular analysis. Strong, moderate and weak biofilm reactions reported 66.67, 25, and 8.33 respectively. The most resistance reported to cotrimoxazole, vancomycin and amikacin and the lowest resistance to nitrofurantoin (8.33) was reported. Statistical analysis with Fisher's exact test showed a statistically significant relationship between biofilm production and resistance to cotrimoxazole, vancomycin and cefotaxime. Prevalence of efe A, ace, gel E, esp, cyl M, agg, cyl A and cyl B in strong biofilm formation isolates was reported 100, 87.5, 82, 62.5, 55, 37.5 25 and 22.5 respectively. There was a significant relationship between the frequency of efa A and strong biofilm reaction.Conclusions: The presence ofE. faecalis strains resistant to co-trimoxazole and vancomycin and present of some virulence factors is alarming the researchers. Since antibiotic resistance genes are probably transmitted among enterococci, and Staphylococci, controlling infections made by enterococci as well as the appropriate administration of antibiotics could treat the nosocomial infections effectivel

Preparation of Zinc (II) and Cadmium (II) Complexes of the Tetradentate Schiff Base Ligand 2-((E)-(2-(2-(pyridine-2-yl)- ethylthio)ethylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol (PytBrsalH)

We describe the synthesis and characterization of two new zinc (II) andcadmium (II) complexes of the tetradentate dissymmetric Schiff base ligand 2-((E)-(2-(2-(pyridine-2-yl)ethylthio)ethylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol (PytBrsalH), prepared from 1-(2-pyridyl)-3-thia-5-aminopentane (pyta) and 5-bromosalicylaldehyde. The complexeswere synthesized by treating an ethanolic solution of the ligand with equimolar amounts ofappropriate metal salts in 1 M methanolic solution of NaOH or alternatively, by a moredirect route in which the two reactants are added to a solution of the ligand immediatelyafter formation of the latter and prior to any isolation. The complexes were characterizedby elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, electronic spectra and molar conductivity.According to obtained data, the probable coordination geometries of zinc and cadmium inthese complexes with mixed N, S and O donor atoms are tetrahedral- and octahedral-like,respectively. Both complexes were found to be 1:1 electrolyte systems in acetonitrile

Dynamic ¹H NMR study of rotational energy barrier around the aryl-nitrogen single bond in γ-spiroiminolactones derived from reaction between 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of phendione

1151-1153The Dynamic effects are observed in 1H NMR spectra of highly functional γ-spiroiminolactones such as dimethyl-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylimino)-6'-oxo-5H,6H'-spiro[furan-2,5'-[1,10]-phenanthroline]-3,4-dicarboxylate and di-tert-butyl-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylimino)-6'-oxo-5H, 6H'-spiro[furan-2, 5'-[1,10]phenanthroline]-3,4-dicarboxylate. The calculated free-energy of activation (ΔG≠) for restricted rotation around the aryl-nitrogen single bonds in γ-spiroiminolactones 4a and 4b amounts to (44.4 and 45.3)±2 kJ.mol-1 with first order rate constant (k=109.9 and 111.0 s-1) at appropriate temperature respectively

The effects of two different fatigue protocols on movement quality during anticipated and unanticipated change of directions in female soccer players

Objective This study compared neuromuscular control under two fatigue protocols during anticipated and unanticipated change of direction (COD) maneuvers and evaluated their effects on the risk of non-contact ACL injuries. Method Forty-five female soccer players (mean age: 22.22 ± 2.24 years; mean height: 166.24 ± 3.33 cm; mean mass: 59.84 ± 5.03 kg) were divided into three groups: functional fatigue (Soccer specific fatigue ptotocol-SOFT90), non-functional fatigue (Bruce protocol), and control group. Before and after the implementation of neuromuscular control fatigue protocols were evaluated using the cutting motion assessment score tool (CMAS). Two-dimensional (2D) videos were recorded during anticipated and unanticipated COD trials for both dominant and non-dominant legs. Results Significant time effects (p < 0.05) and group-time interactions (p < 0.05) were observed in both anticipated and unanticipated conditions for both dominant and non-dominant legs after the fatigue protocols. The functional fatigue group exhibited higher CMAS changes, indicating poorer movement quality following fatigue. Notably, the non-dominant leg displayed amplified deficits during unanticipated COD maneuvers following the functional fatigue protocol. Conclusions Fatigue significantly impairs neuromuscular control, particularly in unanticipated COD situations, which increases the risk of non-contact ACL injuries. To mitigate this risk, coaches, trainers, and medical professionals should prioritize targeted training and injury prevention strategies, focusing on the non-dominant leg during unanticipated COD maneuvers

(PytBrsalH)

molecule