4,542 research outputs found
Industrial Consolidation and the Integration of a National Elite: The U. S. 1886-1905
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50896/1/120.pd
Endogenous and Exogenous Explanations of U.S. Imperialism in the Late Nineteenth Century
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50874/1/97.pd
Mapping constrained optimization problems to quantum annealing with application to fault diagnosis
Current quantum annealing (QA) hardware suffers from practical limitations
such as finite temperature, sparse connectivity, small qubit numbers, and
control error. We propose new algorithms for mapping boolean constraint
satisfaction problems (CSPs) onto QA hardware mitigating these limitations. In
particular we develop a new embedding algorithm for mapping a CSP onto a
hardware Ising model with a fixed sparse set of interactions, and propose two
new decomposition algorithms for solving problems too large to map directly
into hardware.
The mapping technique is locally-structured, as hardware compatible Ising
models are generated for each problem constraint, and variables appearing in
different constraints are chained together using ferromagnetic couplings. In
contrast, global embedding techniques generate a hardware independent Ising
model for all the constraints, and then use a minor-embedding algorithm to
generate a hardware compatible Ising model. We give an example of a class of
CSPs for which the scaling performance of D-Wave's QA hardware using the local
mapping technique is significantly better than global embedding.
We validate the approach by applying D-Wave's hardware to circuit-based
fault-diagnosis. For circuits that embed directly, we find that the hardware is
typically able to find all solutions from a min-fault diagnosis set of size N
using 1000N samples, using an annealing rate that is 25 times faster than a
leading SAT-based sampling method. Further, we apply decomposition algorithms
to find min-cardinality faults for circuits that are up to 5 times larger than
can be solved directly on current hardware.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure
Acceleration of Nucleophilic CH Activation by Strongly Basic Solvents
(IPI)Ru(II)(OH)_n(H_2O)_m, 2, where IPI is the NNN-pincer
ligand, 2,6-diimidizoylpyridine, is shown to catalyze H/D exchange
between hydrocarbons and strongly basic solvents at higher rates
than in the case of the solvent alone. Significantly, catalysis by 2
is accelerated rather than inhibited by increasing solvent basicity.
The evidence is consistent with the reaction proceeding by base
modulated nucleophilic CH activation
A central role for C1q/TNF-related protein 13 (CTRP13) in modulating food intake and body weight.
C1q/TNF-related protein 13 (CTRP13), a hormone secreted by adipose tissue (adipokines), helps regulate glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. We previously reported that CTRP13 expression is increased in obese and hyperphagic leptin-deficient mice, suggesting that it may modulate food intake and body weight. CTRP13 is also expressed in the brain, although its role in modulating whole-body energy balance remains unknown. Here, we show that CTRP13 is a novel anorexigenic factor in the mouse brain. Quantitative PCR demonstrated that food restriction downregulates Ctrp13 expression in mouse hypothalamus, while high-fat feeding upregulates expression. Central administration of recombinant CTRP13 suppressed food intake and reduced body weight in mice. Further, CTRP13 and the orexigenic neuropeptide agouti-related protein (AgRP) reciprocally regulate each other's expression in the hypothalamus: central delivery of CTRP13 suppressed Agrp expression, while delivery of AgRP increased Ctrp13 expression. Food restriction alone reduced Ctrp13 and increased orexigenic neuropeptide gene (Npy and Agrp) expression in the hypothalamus; in contrast, when food restriction was coupled to enhanced physical activity in an activity-based anorexia (ABA) mouse model, hypothalamic expression of both Ctrp13 and Agrp were upregulated. Taken together, these results suggest that CTRP13 and AgRP form a hypothalamic feedback loop to modulate food intake and that this neural circuit may be disrupted in an anorexic-like condition
Nutritional basis of type 2 diabetes remission.
Roy Taylor and colleagues explain how type 2 diabetes can be reversed by weight loss and avoidance of weight regai
Consistency of dust solutions with div H=0
One of the necessary covariant conditions for gravitational radiation is the
vanishing of the divergence of the magnetic Weyl tensor H_{ab}, while H_{ab}
itself is nonzero. We complete a recent analysis by showing that in
irrotational dust spacetimes, the condition div H=0 evolves consistently in the
exact nonlinear theory.Comment: 3 pages Revte
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Dietary and nutritional approaches for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.
Common ground on dietary approaches for the prevention, management, and potential remission of type 2 diabetes can be found, argue Nita G Forouhi and colleagues
Dietary factors are of paramount importance in the management and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Despite progress in formulating evidence based dietary guidance, controversy and confusion remain. In this article, we examine the evidence for areas of consensus as well as ongoing uncertainty or controversy about dietary guidelines for type 2 diabetes. What is the best dietary approach? Is it possible to achieve remission of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle behaviour changes or is it inevitably a condition causing progressive health decline? We also examine the influence of nutrition transition and population specific factors in the global context and discuss future directions for effective dietary and nutritional approaches to manage type 2 diabetes and their implementation.NGF receives funding from the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_12015/5)
Evaluation through laboratory studies : impact of the material to be excavated from the Illinois SSC tunnel on surface water and groundwater supplies
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