Rapid review on the use of new age induced breeding agent ‘LHRHa’ in Indian finfish seed production sector

A focused review on the use of LHRHa in induced breeding of fishes in India was made. Use of LHRHa is mainly restricted to high value brackish water and marine fish species whose market value generally exceeds INR 300-400/kg (USD 4.5-6/kg). Published information on use of LHRHa in induced breeding of fishes in India could document only twelve species out of which nine were brackishwater or marine fish. Besides length and weight, the egg diameter of female fishes (>0.45–0.7 mm) is an important criterion for treating the fishes with LHRHa. LHRHa is either used alone or in combination with HCG (most popular), PGE, 17α-MT and Pimozide. Dosage of 20-70 µg/kg body weight for females and 10-40 µg/kg body weight for males with a latency period of 24-36 hours is most common in India. Experiments with LHRHa are being carried out mainly by ICAR-CIBA, Chennai (dominant) and ICAR-CMFRI, Kochi. Standardization and optimization of LHRHa dosage has been attained in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer), Cobia (Rachycentron canadum), Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and Spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) while in Grouper (Epinephelus tauvina), Moonfish (Monodactylus argenteus), Milk fish (Chanos chanos), Crescent Bass (Terapon jarbua) and Silver Pompano (Trachinotus blochii), it is under progress

Cooperative role of antibodies against heat-labile toxin and the EtpA adhesin in preventing toxin delivery and intestinal colonization by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrheal disease in developing countries, where it is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. Vaccine development for ETEC has been hindered by the heterogeneity of known molecular targets and the lack of broad-based sustained protection afforded by existing vaccine strategies. In an effort to explore the potential role of novel antigens in ETEC vaccines, we examined the ability of antibodies directed against the ETEC heat-labile toxin (LT) and the recently described EtpA adhesin to prevent intestinal colonization in vivo and toxin delivery to epithelial cells in vitro. We demonstrate that EtpA is required for the optimal delivery of LT and that antibodies against this adhesin play at least an additive role in preventing delivery of LT to target intestinal cells when combined with antibodies against either the A or B subunits of the toxin. Moreover, vaccination with a combination of LT and EtpA significantly impaired intestinal colonization. Together, these results suggest that the incorporation of recently identified molecules such as EtpA could be used to enhance current approaches to ETEC vaccine development

Evaluation of a Bulge Reduction Technology for Corrugated Fiberboard Containers Under Static Compression

This research examines the effect of top-to-bottom static compression load on the bulge of RSC containers. The study compares a control regular slotted container (RSC) constructed with corrugated fiberboard to tape-reinforced designs. The bulge reduction, achieved using various tape placements and conditioning environments, were measured. Currently, no research on the effect of reinforcement tape towards reduction in the out-of-plane displacement (bulging) of the corrugated fiberboard panels has been undertaken. Samples related to four different container designs, varying by presence, quantity and the position of the reinforcement tape on the vertical panels, were tested and analyzed. The study involved the use of a prototype cutting table, environmental conditioning chambers, a compression testing system and a patented container bulge measuring fixture. The statistical analysis of the observations confirms that the reinforcement tape significantly reduces the out-of-plane displacement of the container side panels under ambient environmental conditions (23 ± 1 °C, 50 ± 2% relative humidity). In tropical and refrigerated conditions (40 ± 2 °C, 90 ± 5% relative humidity and 5 ± 2 °C, 85 ± 5% relative humidity) it was observed that the reinforcement tape has potential in reducing bulge. The findings of this study should be valuable to packaging engineers towards the potential reduction of material usage while improving the stacking strength and rigidity of an optimized corrugated fiberboard containers

A study on prognostic significance of serum uric acid in acute myocardial infarction in a tertiary care institute

Background: This study was done to find out any relationship between serum uric acid and AMI severity and its short-term outcome. To see the correlation between serums uric acid level with Killip Class and mortality outcome following AMI.Methods: 100 patients of AMI were included this study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed history, physical examination and relevant systemic examination including detailed examination of CVS system were done as per a structured proforma and necessary laboratory investigations were done.Results: 100 cases of myocardial infarction were studied, out of which 90 patients had STEMI and 10 patients had NSTEMI. There is significant difference of D0 uric acid level was observed for previous history of AMI. There is significant difference in mean uric acid level between dyslipidemic and non-dyslipidemic population. There is significant difference in mean uric acid level on D0 between diabetic and non-diabetic population. Serum uric acid level is low among patients with lower Killip class and high among higher Killip class. Lower the uric acid level, higher the percentage of survival and higher the uric acid level, higher the percentage of mortality.Conclusions: Patients of Killip class lll and lV had higher levels of uric acid as compared to patients of class l and ll. Combination of Killip class and serum uric acid level after acute myocardial infarction is a good predictor of severity of heart failure after AMI

Effect of Liquid Contamination on Hermeticity and Seal Strength of Flexible Pouches with LLDPE

Flexible packaging is a growing successful market and the majority of flexible package applications are for the food industry. The demand for process optimization and reduced production costs, has led to an increase in flexible packaging. However, fast production lines can result in contamination in the seal area. For flexible food packaging, contamination is considered any food particle or substance trapped in the seal area. Current quality control processes can detect contamination in the seal area, but it is not determined if seal contamination affects seal quality. Oil-based and sodium based snack foods are two common categories that can be packaged on a horizontal form fill and seal (HFFS) flow-wrap machine. The study uses vegetable oil and a salt water solution to simulate the effect of liquid contamination along the T-point of flexible pouches made on an HFFS. The T-point refers to where the fin seal meets the end seal and requires the seal jaw to seal through four layers of film, which is the most difficult point to seal. The study tests a combination of different sealing temperatures and dwell time to determine the optimal sealing condition for a hermetic seal. A quality hermetic seal provides an enclosed seal with no leaks due to successful polymer chain entanglement between the two sealant layers. The different test categories of the study are non-contaminated (control), salt water solution for salt based foods, and vegetable oil for oil-based foods. Given the test parameters of the study, 140⁰C sealing temperature and 0.3 seconds dwell time are considered to be the optimal sealing condition for all three test categories. For Phase 1 of the study, salt water had a lower Hermeticity pass rate compared to vegetable oil and non-contaminated seals. In addition, the effect of refrigerated storage temperature and ambient storage temperature did not show to be significant for any of the test categories. However, refrigerated conditions showed a higher Hermeticity pass rate, but it was not statistically different. The findings for seal strength indicated no test category had higher or lower seal strength over the 14 day test period. Overall, the study shows there is no effect of liquid contaminant on Hermeticity and seal strength for flexible film with LLDPE sealant layer

Fabrication and Release Kinetics of Liposomes Containing Leuprolide Acetate

The present work is focused on the preparation and in vitro release kinetics of liposomal formulation of Leuprolide Acetate. In this work, “Thin Lipid Film Hydration Method” was used for preparation of Leuprolide Acetate loaded liposomes. Prepared liposomal formulations of Leuprolide acetate was evaluated by drug entrapment study, in-vitro drug release kinetics and stability studies. The percentage drug entrapment of Leuprolide acetate for F1 and F2 formulations were found to be 78.14 ± 0.67 and 66.70 ± 0.81% respectively. In-vitro drug release study of liposomal formulations had shown zero order release pattern. Regression co-efficient (R2) value of Zero order kinetics for F1 and F2 formulations were 0.9912 and 0.9676 respectively. After storing formulations for 1 month, stability testing was done at 40C.It was found that all batches were stable. These liposomal formulations of Leuprolide acetate can be formulated for parenteral application to treat prostate cancer and in women, to treat symptoms of endometriosis (overgrowth of uterine lining outside of the uterus) or uterine fibroids

Study of relation of serum magnesium level with glycemic control in diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Several distinct types of DM are caused by a complex interaction of genetics and environmental factors. This study was done to evaluate the relation between serum magnesium and glycemic control in diabetics.Methods: 50 patients of T2DM were included this study. Detailed history, physical examination and relevant systemic examination were performed and necessary laboratory tests FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, magnesium level were doneResults: The mean age (mean± SD) of the patients was 49.82±7.38 years with range 29-58 years and the median age was 51 years and Male 32 (64%), Female 18 (36%), M:F= 1.78:1. In this study, statistically significant correlation was found between level of magnesium and age (p=0.04). In present study no statistically significant association was found between level of magnesium and sex (p=0.738). In high magnesium level (≥1.7), mean BMI 25.08±2.82 whereas mean BMI 24.25±2.87 in low magnesium level (<1.7) and this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.308). Mean difference of FBS with magnesium level was statistically significant (p<0.001) and mean difference of PPBS with magnesium level was also statistically significant (p<0.001). It was also found that mean difference of HbA1c level with magnesium level was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study clearly depicts that in diabetes mellitus serum magnesium levels had a positive correlation with glycemic control. Serum levels of magnesium have been found to correlate inversely with fasting blood glucose concentration, post prandial blood glucose concentration and the percentage of HbA1c. The study also establishes a positive correlation of magnesium with age

Two unusual neuro-psychiatric manifestations of malaria in a tertiary care hospital: a review of literature

Malaria, a highly prevalent parasitic disease in tropical country, have some atypical neuro-psychiatric manifestations seen in both vivax and falciparum malaria. We are reporting two cases of unusual neuro-psychiatric manifestations of malaria admitted in our hospital, one with intralobar haemorrhage and other with atypical psychiatric features. The rarity of the presentation has been highlighted with possible pathogenesis discussed after literature review