REFLEXIONES DESDE LA BIOETICA SOBRE LA NUTRIOLOGIA EN MEXICO

La bioética, concebida como la reflexión de la moral y la moralidad, es donde el hombre debe hacer el uso de su razón para entender sus actos y ser responsable de su individualidad y del colectivo humano. Las reflexiones bioéticas sobre la Nutriología, pretenden dar una pauta para llamar la atención sobre aquellas acciones pudiesen ser un riesgo para el hombre y sus poblaciones, perdiendo la guía profesional de lo así concebido en México. La práctica de las ciencias de la salud ha ido adquiriendo mayor complejidad y debe apoyarse en la reflexión y pautas reflexivas que propicia la ética práctica, la cual podría concebirse como el juicio crítico que el ser humano hace ante las diversas circunstancias sociales a que se enfrenta con el fin de vivir mejor. Palabras clave: nutrición, bioética, Méxicobioethic, nutriology, Méxic

Efficacy of different strategies to treat anemia in children: a randomized clinical trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Anemia continues to be a major public health problem among children in many regions of the world, and it is still not clear which strategy to treat it is most effective.</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>To evaluate the efficacy and children's acceptance of several recognized strategies to treat anemia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Non-breastfed children (n = 577), 6 to 43 mo of age, were screened for the trial; 267 were anemic (hemoglobin < 11.7 g/dL), and 266 of those were randomized into 1 of 5 treatments to received daily either: an iron supplement (IS), an iron+folic acid supplement (IFS), a multiple micronutrient supplement (MMS), a micronutrient-fortified complementary food as porridge powder (FCF), or zinc+iron+ascorbic acid fortified water (FW). The iron content of each daily dose was 20, 12.5, 10, 10 and 6.7 mg respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, total iron, weight and height were measured at baseline and after 4 months of treatment. Morbidity, treatment acceptability and adherence were recorded during the intervention.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All treatments significantly increased Hb and total iron concentration; ferritin did not change significantly. Groups MMS, IS and IFS increased Hb (g/dL) [1.50 (95%CI: 1.17, 1.83), 1.48 [(1.18, 1.78) and 1.57 (1.26, 1.88), respectively] and total iron ((μg/dL) [0.15 (0.01, 0.29), 0.19 (0.06, 0.31) and 0.12(-0.01, 0.25), respectively] significantly more than FCF [0.92 (0.64, 1.20)] but not to FW group [0.14 (0.04, 0.24)]. The prevalence of anemia was reduced to a greater extent in the MMS and IFS groups (72% and 69%, respectively) than in the FCF group (45%) (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in anthropometry or in the number of episodes of diarrhea and respiratory infections among treatment groups. The supplements MMS and IS were less acceptable to children, than IFS, FCF and FW.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The three supplements IS, ISF and MMS increased Hb more than the FCF; the supplements that contained micronutrients (IFS and MMS) were more effective for reducing the prevalence of anemia. In general, fortified foods were better accepted by the study participants than supplements.</p> <p>ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier</p> <p>NCT00822380</p

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

La educación inicial como base del sistema educativo

Es indudable que sin la educación no hay desarrollo humano, ni sociedades justas. Muchos profesionales se desenvuelven de forma eficiente y efectiva sin comprender los fundamentos legales, históricos, filosóficos y técnicos de su actividad ocupacional; en ese sentido para reivindicar esta noble. labor que se desarrolla el presente trabajo académico en pro de contribuir a la formación docente y a la actividad educativa Las conclusiones ayudarán a tener una visión mucha más clara del tema.Trabajo académic

La educación inicial como base del sistema educativo

Es indudable que sin la educación no hay desarrollo humano, ni sociedades justas. Muchos profesionales se desenvuelven de forma eficiente y efectiva sin comprender los fundamentos legales, históricos, filosóficos y técnicos de su actividad ocupacional; en ese sentido para reivindicar esta noble. labor que se desarrolla el presente trabajo académico en pro de contribuir a la formación docente y a la actividad educativa Las conclusiones ayudarán a tener una visión mucha más clara del tema.Trabajo académic

Prevalencia de displasia cervical en el sistema universitario de bienestar social y su relación con las concentraciones séricas y dietéticas de zinc

The aim was to correlate serum levels of Zn, Zn diet and cervical dysplasia. We included 177 adult women, 151 were diagnosed as healthy, 26 were diagnosed with dysplasia in the study of colposcopy and Pap smear, and by randomization were included only 78 women in the control group considered three controls for each case. We analyzed serum Zn and Zn in the diet was estimated by ENSANUT program at the National Institute of Public Health. 65.4% of the total population was deficient in zinc intake in the diet, while 99% had high concentrations in serum. Correlations were not significant between dietary Zn and Zn in serum with the presence of dysplasia. The correlation between Zn and Zn in the whey in the diet was not significant. It is important to continue research to obtain more precise information on the role of micronutrients in the development of dysplasia.La finalidad fue correlacionar las concentraciones de Zn sérico, Zn en dieta y la presencia de displasia cervical. El estudio incluyó 177 mujeres adultas, 151 fueron diagnosticadas como sanas de las cuales se eligieron aleatoriamente 3 controles para cada caso quedando 78 pacientes en el grupo control y a 26 se les diagnosticó displasia por medio de colposcopia y Papanicolaou incluyéndose en el grupo de casos. Se analizó Zn sérico y se estimó Zn en dieta por el programa ENSANUT en el INSP. El 65.4% de la población total presentó deficiencia en el consumo de zinc en dieta, en tanto que el 99% presentó altas concentraciones séricas. Las correlaciones no fueron significativas entre el Zn en dieta y Zn en suero con la presencia de displasias. La correlación entre el Zn en suero con el Zn de dieta no fue significativa. Es relevante continuar indagando para obtener información más precisa sobre el papel que juegan los micronutrientes en el desarrollo de displasia cervical

SARS-CoV-2: Evolution and Emergence of New Viral Variants

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The high rate of mutation of this virus is associated with a quick emergence of new viral variants that have been rapidly spreading worldwide. Several mutations have been documented in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein that increases the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and its cellular receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Mutations in the spike can increase the viral spread rate, disease severity, and the ability of the virus to evade either the immune protective responses, monoclonal antibody treatments, or the efficacy of current licensed vaccines. This review aimed to highlight the functional virus classification used by the World Health Organization (WHO), Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak (PANGO), Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID), and Nextstrain, an open-source project to harness the scientific and public health potential of pathogen genome data, the chronological emergence of viral variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs), the major findings related to the rate of spread, and the mutations in the spike protein that are involved in the evasion of the host immune responses elicited by prior SARS-CoV-2 infections and by the protection induced by vaccination