Ecological traits, genetic diversity and regional distribution of the macroalga Treptacantha elegans along the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean Sea)

The widespread decline of canopy-forming macroalgal assemblages has been documented in many regions during the last decades. This pattern is often followed by the replacement of structurally complex algal canopies by more simplified habitats (e.g., turfs or sea urchin barren grounds). Against all odds, the fucoid Treptacantha elegans, a large Mediterranean brown macroalga, broadened its depth range to deeper and exposed environments and displayed an unexpected range expansion along the northern coast of Catalonia over the last two decades. Here, we reconstruct the spread of T. elegans in time and space and unravel ecological and demographic traits such as population dynamics and genetic patterns to provide a comprehensive and integrated view of the current status and geographical expansion for this species. Fast-growing dynamics, early fertile maturity, and high turnover rate are the main competitive advantages that allow the exposed populations of T. elegans to colonize available substrata and maintain dense and patchy populations. We also provided evidence that the deeper and exposed populations of T. elegans constitute a single group across the Catalan coast, with little genetic differentiation among populations. This seems to support the hypothesis of a unique source of spread in the last decades from the Medes Islands No-Take Zone towards both southern and northern waters.CCMAR was funded by FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal) UID/Multi/04326/2019, PTDC/MAR-EST/6053/2014,Biodiversa/0004/2015, (DL 57/2016/CP1361/CT0010), SFRH/BSAB/150485/2019info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Seguiment anual de Briozous, Gorgònia vermella i Coves a la Reserva Natural Parcial Marina de les Medes del Parc Natural del Montgrí, les illes Medes i el Baix Ter. Memòria 2017

Les mesures de protecció a les illes Medes van entrar en vigor el 1983, amb una Ordre de la Generalitat de Catalunya que establia la Reserva Marina de les illes Medes i que comportava restringir l’activitat en aquest indret de gran interès per a la biodiversitat marina. Al 1985 una resolució establia normes de compliment obligatori a la zona vedada i el 1990 i la Llei 19/1990 va convertir-se en el marc jurídic de la protecció i conservació de la flora i fauna del fons marí de les illes Medes i del tros de costa del Montgrí, entre la roca del Molinet i la Punta Salines. Finalment, El Parc Natural del Montgrí, les illes Medes i el Baix Ter es va crear per la llei 15/2010, de 21 de maig de 2010, amb l’objectiu principal d’unificar la normativa de protecció dels tres espais que conformen el Parc Natural (massís del Montgrí, les illes Medes i el Baix Ter). En aquest espai protegit podem trobar diferents zones amb diferents nivells de protecció: 1) la zona de Parc Natural (PN) a la costa del Montgrí entre la punta del Milà i la punta Salines, on la pesca, inclosa la pesca submarina és permesa; 2) la Zona Perifèrica de Protecció (ZPP) que correspon al tram de costa entre punta Milà i punta del Molinet, on la pesca submarina és prohibida; i 3) la Reserva Natural Parcial (RNP), que comprèn les illes Medes, on no es permet cap tipus d’activitat pesquera. La normativa específica dels usos i activitats de la zona estan regulats pel Pla Rector d’Usos i Gestió recollit aprovat el 2008 (en el Decret 222/2008, d'11 de novembre, pel qual s'aprova el Pla rector d'ús i gestió de l'Àrea Protegida de les illes Medes), i que recentment ha estat modificat en els seus annexes 1 i 6 (ORDRE AAM/112/2015, de 30 d'abril)..

Marine protected areas in a changing ocean: Adaptive management can mitigate the synergistic effects of local and climate change impacts

8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110048.-- Data availability: Data will be made available on requestDuring the last two decades, several Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) have affected coralligenous assemblages in the Mediterranean Sea, causing catastrophic mass mortalities of several habitat-forming species such as gorgonians, corals, and sponges. Even though Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are contributing to effectively protect marine ecosystems, the impacts associated to extreme climatic events within MPAs are jeopardizing their protective role. Therefore, minimizing local stressors within MPAs is crucial to minimize interactive effects with global, more difficult to manage, stressors. To address this, we assessed to what extent the regulation of diving frequentation can support more effective protection to climate change, focusing on the case study of the Medes Islands, which has recently suffered the impacts of different global stressors and is one of the most visited MPAs in the Mediterranean Sea. We combined 6 years of demographic data of the red gorgonian Paramuricea clavata with population modelling tools, to explore the long-term viability of this species to different managing schemes and mass mortality events scenarios. Overall, our results show that climate-adaptive management of the recreational diving activity under climate change can enhance the long-term viability of this key Mediterranean habitat-forming octocoral, which is otherwise predicted to go locally extinct at shallow depths (<25 m) within the next 20 years. This study provides one of the few attempts to quantify to what extent an adaptive management scheme may help delay climate change impacts in a Marine Protected AreaThis work was supported by the long-term monitoring programme of the Natural Park of Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter protected areas funded by Departament de Territori i Sostenibilitat of the Generalitat de Catalunya public agreements PTOP-2017-130 and PTOP-2021-3. This work was also financially supported by MCIU/AEI/FEDER [RTI2018-095346-BI00; HEATMED and TED2021-131622B-I00, CORFUN] and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [grant SEP-210597628—FutureMARES. Yanis Zentner was supported by an FPU grant [FPU20/03574]. C.L acknowledges the support by ICREA Academia. All authors are part of the Marine Conservation research group [2017 SGR 1521]With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)Peer reviewe

Seguiment anual de Briozous, Gorgònia vermella i Coves a la Reserva Natural Parcial Marina de les Medes del Parc Natural del Montgrí, les illes Medes i el Baix Ter. Memòria 2018

Comanda: Direcció General de Polítiques Ambientals i Medi Natural / Departament de Territori i Sostenibilitat, Generalitat de Catalunya. Número d’expedient: PTOP_2017_130Les mesures de protecció a les illes Medes van entrar en vigor el 1983, amb una Ordre de la Generalitat de Catalunya que establia la Reserva Marina de les illes Medes i que comportava restringir l’activitat en aquest indret de gran interès per a la biodiversitat marina. Al 1985 una resolució establia normes de compliment obligatori a la zona vedada i el 1990 i la Llei 19/1990 va convertir-se en el marc jurídic de la protecció i conservació de la flora i fauna del fons marí de les illes Medes i del tros de costa del Montgrí, entre la roca del Molinet i la Punta Salines. Finalment, El Parc Natural del Montgrí, les illes Medes i el Baix Ter es va crear per la llei 15/2010, de 21 de maig de 2010, amb l’objectiu principal d’unificar la normativa de protecció dels tres espais que conformen el Parc Natural (massís del Montgrí, les illes Medes i el Baix Ter). En aquest espai protegit podem trobar diferents zones amb diferents nivells de protecció: 1) la zona de Parc Natural (PN) a la costa del Montgrí entre la punta del Milà i la punta Salines, on la pesca, inclosa la pesca submarina és permesa; 2) la Zona Perifèrica de Protecció (ZPP) que correspon al tram de costa entre punta Milà i punta del Molinet, on la pesca submarina és prohibida; i 3) la Reserva Natural Parcial (RNP), que comprèn les illes Medes, on no es permet cap tipus d’activitat pesquera. La normativa específica dels usos i activitats de la zona estan regulats pel Pla Rector d’Usos i Gestió recollit aprovat el 2008 (en el Decret 222/2008, d'11 de novembre, pel qual s'aprova el Pla rector d'ús i gestió de l'Àrea Protegida de les illes Medes), i que recentment ha estat modificat en els seus annexes 1 i 6 (ORDRE AAM/112/2015, de 30 d'abril

Seguiment del medi marí al Parc Natural del Cap de Creus i al Parc Natural del Montgrí, les Illes Medes i el Baix Ter. Memòria 2016

Aquesta memòria recull els resultats del grup de treball del Departament d’Ecologia de la Universitat de Barcelona relatiu al seguiment del medi marí al Parc Natural del Cap de Creus i al Parc Natural del Montgrí, les Illes Medes i el Baix Ter de l’any 2016, tal i com consta al plec de prescripcions amb expedient PTOP-2016-451 en compliment de la llei 19/1990 de 10 de desembre del Parlament de Catalunya, i amb les millores proposades a l’oferta tècnica homònima Els resultats dels treballs de camp tenen com a objectiu central l’avaluació de l’estat de les poblacions i dels hàbitats marins en relació tant amb les activitats humanes que es duen a terme als espais naturals estudiats com amb els factors ambientals. Així mateix s’analitza la seva evolució en el temps dels descriptors i s’intenta avaluar l’efecte de la protecció. El darrer objectiu és de detectar altres situacions de risc pel patrimoni natural com podrien ser l’arribada d’espècies alienes o invasores o bé els possibles efectes del canvi climàtic

Seguiment del medi marí al Parc Natural de Cap de Creus i al Parc Natural del Montgrí, les Illes Medes i el Baix Ter. Memòria 2017

Aquesta memòria recull els resultats del grup de treball del Departament d’Ecologia de la Universitat de Barcelona relatiu al seguiment del medi marí al Parc Natural de Cap de Creus i al Parc Natural del Montgrí, les Illes Medes i el Baix Ter de l’any 2017, tal i com consta al plec de prescripcions amb expedient PTOP-2017-130 en compliment de la llei 19/1990 de 10 de desembre del Parlament de Catalunya, i amb les millores proposades a l’oferta tècnica homònima Els resultats dels treballs de camp tenen com a objectiu central l’avaluació de l’estat de les poblacions i dels hàbitats marins en relació tant amb les activitats humanes que es duen a terme als espais naturals estudiats com amb els factors ambientals. Així mateix s’analitza la seva evolució en el temps dels descriptors i s’intenta avaluar l’efecte de la protecció. El darrer objectiu és de detectar altres situacions de risc pel patrimoni natural com podrien ser l’arribada d’espècies alienes o invasores o bé els possibles efectes del canvi climàtic

Vertebrate populations' trends across the Iberian Peninsula

Resumen del trabajo presentado a: 2nd Meeting of the Iberian Ecological Society (SIBECOL); XXI conference of the Iberian Association of Limnology (AIL) and 21st National Congress of Ecology of the Portuguese Ecological Society (SPECO), celebrados en Aveiro (Portugal) del 3 al 8 de julio de 2022.Understanding and identifying the impacts of multiple stressors on natural populations has become a key objective for post-2020 biodiversity conservation. Of particular concern are the impacts of stressors at the local scale, which are not necessarily reflected in current global conservation assessments. As a hotspot of biodiversity, the Iberian Peninsula is an area of special interest for conservation, but it is currently facing myriad environmental problems. Yet, a synthesis of the impacts of multiple stressors on the Iberian faunal populations is glaringly missing. To contribute to this challenge, we join our efforts in an Early Career Researchers project funded by SIBECOL, which aims to synthesise current knowledge on population trends of Iberian marine, terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates, and, eventually, to identify the most common stressors for Iberian fauna populations, and their differences between major taxonomic groups and ecosystems. Here, we will present the results of the first phase of this project, whose objective was to describe the trends of Iberian vertebrate populations and identify knowledge gaps related to taxonomic groups and ecosystems. To that aim, we conducted an extensive literature review, with more than 5,000 scientific manuscripts and grey literature screened. From this initial review, and after applying data quality controls, we obtained > 1,000 population time series of Iberian vertebrates across marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems. Once we compiled this database, we analysed the population trends using a two-step modelling process: (i) first, we applied state-space models to derive the population trend of each population time series; and (ii) second, we used multilevel Bayesian models to determine the factors influencing these population trends. Overall, we found that Iberian vertebrate populations display a disparity in trends, with both declines and increases, with fishes (both marine and freshwater) being the taxa showing clear signs of decline. Additionally, we identified important gaps in monitoring data across the Iberian Peninsula, with amphibians and reptiles severely underrepresented in our dataset, despite being among the most threatened taxonomic groups. These gaps may limit our understanding of the impacts of stressors at local scales and eventually bias current conservation assessments. Overall, our approach will bridge the significant gap in our knowledge between the global and local scale conservation status of wild Iberian populations and help focus future conservation policies.Peer reviewe

Untangling the conservation status of red coral populations in the Cap de Creus Natural Park and the Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Natural Park

Workshop sobre Reservas Marinas - Workshop on Marine Reserves (REMAR 2020), 1-3 July 2020, Barcelona.-- 2 pagesHuman-induced disturbances have dramatically increased during the last decades, causing strong impacts on marine species. The octocoral Corallium rubrum is one of the most endangered species in the Mediterranean. Climate change, with the critical increase in sea temperature and ocean acidification, in combination with poaching or illegal fishing, are the main threats for this species. One of the objectives of marine protected areas (MPAs) is to prevent poaching. However, there is a doubt if these MPAs are enough to ensure the conservation of red coral populations. In this project, red coral populations were monitored in 2019 inside the MPAs of Cap de Creus Natural Park and Illes Medes, Montgrí and Baix Ter Natural Park, to assess their conservation status and to compare them with the results obtained in 2017 in the same locations. We evaluated several demographic parameters such as population density, mortality, and recruitment. We also explored new analytical techniques and new sampling protocols to improve the efficiency and time consuming of these new tools, concretely exploring: the direct measure of height from the photos in comparison with the measures obtained from photogrammetric techniques and the cover of the colonies as a proxy of the biomass and structural complexity. Comparing with 2017, we found a significant decrease in coral size in the studied populations together with higher mortality rates in 2019. We believe that the observed coral colonies decline may be due to the illegal fishing registered by rural guards at marine protected area inside th eCap de Creus Natural ParkPeer reviewe

Unravelling the population dynamics of the Mediterranean bryozoan Pentapora fascialis to assess its role as an indicator of recreational diving for adaptive management of marine protected areas

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been recognized as effective management and conservation tools to protect marine coastal ecosystems. However, due to an increasing interest in marine ecosystems, recreational activities such as scuba diving are rapidly growing in these areas, highlighting the need to implement adaptive management strategies based on continuous monitoring and evaluation of protected areas. To date, several studies have quantified the impact of diving using benthic species as indicators, such as bryozoans, but usually ignoring their population dynamics. Here, we studied the population dynamics of the abundant and common bryozoan Pentapora fascialis on a Mediterranean MPA with high levels of diving activity. Specifically, we monitored eight different localities with two different levels of diving frequentation (non-frequented versus frequented) from October 2015 to October 2018, accounting for the demographic parameters before and after the summer. Our results showed the impact of diving on the density, recruitment, survival, and size of colonies, reaching higher values on non-frequented localities. In addition, we detected two peaks of recruitment during July 2016 and July 2018, suggesting that bryozoan recruitment events are stochastic, with a high inter-annual variation. Contrastingly, regardless of the diver frequentation level, we found higher growth rates during the colder months and higher necrosis rates after the summer in all the studied localities. Besides the aforementioned differences, the densities observed in this study were much higher compared to previous studies performed in the same area during the 1990s. Taken together, these results suggested rapid population dynamics of P. fascialis, with fast growth rates and a high capacity to recover from perturbations. Despite the quantified effects of diving on our studied species, their abundance in frequented sites remained very low over the whole study period, compromising the use of P. fascialis as an optimal indicator of diving impact for adaptive management of temperate benthic populations. Overall, our results highlight the importance of continuous monitoring programs to unravel the population dynamics of indicator species to effectively manage marine populations and evaluate the impact of human activities on marine protected areas.This work was supported by Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain) and the University of Barcelona (Spain). The authors are part of the Marine Conservation research group (2017 SGR 1521) funded by Generalitat de Catalunya