A WebGIS tool for the dissemination of earthquake data

In 2004 a new seismic hazard map of Italy (MPS Working Group, 2004) has been released by a task force that produced an amount of new or updated data, such as a new version of the earthquake catalogue (CPTI04; CPTI Working Group, 2004) and an updated seismogenic zonation. A set of WebGIS tools has been designed for the data dissemination to the scientific community and the general public. The design of the WebGIS tools focused first on the consultation of the DBM04 macroseismic database (DBM Working Group, 2005), which contains the macroseismic intensity data-points (IDP) of the earthquakes listed in the CPTI04 catalogue. The WebGIS tool design and development process had to fulfill: 1) simplicity, 2) responsiveness and 3) readiness for future extensions. The specific requirements for the macroseismic database consultation interface were: - data access by place and by earthquake; - IDP maps with queryable points; - data download in both tabular and map format; - easily upgradable content; - quick and user friendly interface

A WebGIS tool for the dissemination of earthquake data

In 2004 a new seismic hazard map of Italy (MPS Working Group, 2004) has been released by a task force that produced an amount of new or updated data, such as a new version of the earthquake catalogue (CPTI04; CPTI Working Group, 2004) and an updated seismogenic zonation. A set of WebGIS tools has been designed for the data dissemination to the scientific community and the general public. The design of the WebGIS tools focused first on the consultation of the DBM04 macroseismic database (DBM Working Group, 2005), which contains the macroseismic intensity data-points (IDP) of the earthquakes listed in the CPTI04 catalogue. The WebGIS tool design and development process had to fulfill: 1) simplicity, 2) responsiveness and 3) readiness for future extensions. The specific requirements for the macroseismic database consultation interface were: - data access by place and by earthquake; - IDP maps with queryable points; - data download in both tabular and map format; - easily upgradable content; - quick and user friendly interface

Hypoxia up-regulates SERPINB3 through HIF-2\u3b1 in human liver cancer cells.

SERPINB3 is a cysteine-proteases inhibitor up-regulated in a significant number of cirrhotic patients carrying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and recently proposed as a prognostic marker for HCC early recurrence. SERPINB3 has been reported to stimulate proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and, similar to what reported for hypoxia, to trigger epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased invasiveness in liver cancer cells. This study has investigated whether SERPINB3 expression is regulated by hypoxia-related mechanisms in liver cancer cells. Exposure of HepG2 and Huh7 cells to hypoxia up-regulated SERPINB3 transcription, protein synthesis and release in the extracellular medium. Hypoxia-dependent SERPINB3 up-regulation was selective (no change detected for SERPINB4) and operated through hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2\u3b1 (not HIF-1\u3b1) binding to SERPINB3 promoter, as confirmed by chromatin immuno-precipitation assay and silencing experiments employing specific siRNAs. HIF-2\u3b1-mediated SERPINB3 up-regulation under hypoxic conditions required intracellular generation of ROS. Immuno-histochemistry (IHC) and transcript analysis, performed in human HCC specimens, revealed co-localization of the two proteins in liver cancer cells and the existence of a positive correlation between HIF-2\u3b1 and SERPINB3 transcript levels, respectively. Hypoxia, through HIF-2\u3b1-dependent and redox-sensitive mechanisms, up-regulates the transcription, synthesis and release of SERPINB3, a molecule with a high oncogenic potential

Carboxyhemoglobin and oxygen affinity of human blood

We determined normal human blood p50 at various pH values (range 7.0 to 7.6) as a function of the proportion of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in total hemoglobin, from 0 to 23%. The d(log p50)/d[COHb] coefficient is 0.00848, independent of pH and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. The derived equation allows the calculation of p50 as a function of COHb with an approximation of +/- 0.54 mmHg (about 72 Pa), and can be combined with other calculations (Clin Chem 27:1856-1861, 1981; Clin Chem 29:110-114, 1983) to predict p50 under any condition of pH within the range 7.0-7.6, ratio of [2,3-diphosphoglycerate] to [total hemoglobin] (range 0.3-2.5), pCO2 (range 20-90 mmHg), temperature (range 19-43 degrees C), and COHb (range 0-23%)

Evidenze di fagliazione inversa quaternaria nel settore ionico nord-orientale della Calabria (Rossano Calabro)

Il settore dell’arco Calabro è interessato da sistemi di faglie normali attive, responsabili di forti terremoti storici di Magnitudo superiore a 6. Gli eventi sismici maggiori sono avvenuti principalmente tra lo stretto di Messina e la valle del Crati. Tra questi il terremoto del 1783 (M=6.9), del 1905 (M=7.3), del 1638 (M=6.7), del 1832 (M=6.5) e del 1836 (M=6.2) (Working Group CPTI 04). Alcuni di questi eventi sono stati associati all’attivazione di alcune strutture tettoniche (Galli & Scionti 2006; Galli & Bosi 2002; Valensise & Pantosti 2001). L’evento del 1836, che ha colpito il settore nord-orientale della Calabria, poco a sud della piana di Sibari, è stato associate tentativamente da Moretti (2000) all’attivazione di una serie di segmenti di faglia orientati E-W e NW-SE individuati tra Corigliano e Rossano. Questo lavoro ha come scopo quello di individuare strutture sismogenetiche attive nell’area colpita dall’evento sismico del 1836 ed, in particolare, quelle causative dell’evento sismico del 1836. A tal fine sono stati effettuati rilevamenti geologici e geomorfologici, con particolare riguardo alla zona dell’abitato di Mirto, poco a sud della città di Rossano Calabro, dove uno scavo ha messo in evidenza depositi di origine marina in facies deltizia, datati per via paleontologica ad un’età non più antica dell’Emiliano (Pleistocene inferiore), dislocati da una struttura tettonica ad orientazione circa NNW-SSE, a cinematica prevalentemente inverse, con senso di trasporto verso SSW. La dislocazione sembra interessare anche depositi continentali fluvio-colluviali incassati all’interno dei depositi deltizi e separati da questi da una superficie di erosione. Da questi sedimenti continentali è stato prelevato un campione per effettuare una datazione radiometrica, ancora in corso. La localizzazione di questa struttura tettonica è compatibile con l’ubicazione della zona epicentrale del terremoto del 1836, derivata dai dati macrosismici (CPTI 04). Inoltre, lungo il lineamento, pochi km a nord dello scavo studiato, in località Cento Fontane, viene segnalata risorgenza di acque calde in occasione dell’evento sismico menzionato

Effect of temperature on the p50 value for human blood

We investigated the effect of temperature (19, 30, 37, and 42\ub0C) on the p50 value for normal human blood at p(CO2) = 5.72 kPa (43 mmHg), at various pHs (range 7.0 to 7.6) and molar ratios of [2,3-diphosphoglycrate]/[Hb4] (range 0.4 to 2.4). The d(log p50)/d(pH) coefficient varied from 0.39 at 19\ub0C to 0.35 at 43\ub0 C. The relationship between log p50 and 1/T (T = degrees Kelvin) was linear under the experimental conditions used, and the d(log p50)/d(1/T) coefficient varied between -2138 at pH 7.0 and -2162 at pH 7.6, independent of the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Assuming that the effect of p(CO2) on the p50 value is the same at 19, 30, and 43\ub0C as at 37\ub0C, one can use the reported coefficients to calculate the p50 value for normal human blood under conditions of temperature, pH, p(CO2), and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations prevailing under physiological and pathological conditions. The p50 value calculated by empirical equations, taking into account the effect of temperature, correlated well with the values for p50 determined experimentally (y = 0.9774x + 0.453; r = 0.998; n = 60), with an SD of 52 Pa (0.39 mmHg)

Miscarriage following dengue virus 3 infection in the first six weeks of pregnancy of a dengue virus-naive traveller returning from Bali to Italy, April 2016

We report miscarriage following dengue virus (DENV)-3 infection in a pregnant woman returning from Bali to Italy in April 2016. On her arrival, the woman had fever, rash, asthenia and headache. DENV RNA was detected in plasma and urine samples collected the following day. Six days after symptom onset, she had a miscarriage. DENV RNA was detected in fetal material, but in utero fetal infection cannot be demonstrated due to possible contamination by maternal blood

MAPK15 protects from oxidative stress-dependent cellular senescence by inducing the mitophagic process

Mitochondria are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose aberrant production by dysfunctional mitochondria leads to oxidative stress, thus contributing to aging as well as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Cells efficiently eliminate damaged mitochondria through a selective type of autophagy, named mitophagy. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of the atypical MAP kinase family member MAPK15 in cellular senescence, by preserving mitochondrial quality, thanks to its ability to control mitophagy and, therefore, prevent oxidative stress. We indeed demonstrate that reduced MAPK15 expression strongly decreases mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, while increasing mitochondrial ROS levels. We show that MAPK15 controls the mitophagic process by stimulating ULK1-dependent PRKN Ser108 phosphorylation and inducing the recruitment of damaged mitochondria to autophagosomal and lysosomal compartments, thus leading to a reduction of their mass, but also by participating in the reorganization of the mitochondrial network that usually anticipates their disposal. Consequently, MAPK15-dependent mitophagy protects cells from accumulating nuclear DNA damage due to mitochondrial ROS and, consequently, from senescence deriving from this chronic DNA insult. Indeed, we ultimately demonstrate that MAPK15 protects primary human airway epithelial cells from senescence, establishing a new specific role for MAPK15 in controlling mitochondrial fitness by efficient disposal of old and damaged organelles and suggesting this kinase as a new potential therapeutic target in diverse age-associated human diseases

Early co-circulation of different clades of influenza A/H1N1v pandemic virus in Northern Italy

Introduction. The spatial diffusion over time of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus (A/H1N1v) was surveyed in Northern Italy (nearly 10 million inhabitants) from April to December 2009, and the molecular characteristics of circulating viruses were analyzed to identify the appearance of drift variants. About 45% of analyzed samples were laboratory-confirmed cases of A/H1N1v. Sporadic cases occurred until the middle of June 2009, then, case numbers began to increase delineating distinct epidemiological phases of viral circulation. Methods. RNA was extracted using RNeasy Mini kit (QIAGEN GmbH, Germany). Virological diagnosis of A/H1N1v infection was carried out by real-time RT-PCR assay. Sequence analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) gene was performed through a RT-PCR assay specific for a 995 bp fragment (nt. 64-1,058) in the HA1 domain. The nucleotide sequences were obtained by automated DNA sequencing. The HA1 sequences were aligned with other sequences collected from GenBank database by ClustalX software. The multiple sequence alignment was used to perform a basic phylogenetic analysis and a phylogenetic tree from HA sequences was constructed. Results. The HA gene sequences of A/H1N1v analyzed segregated into three genetically distinct clades and were characterized by the appearance of amino acid variations that were progressively fixed in the field viral population under scrutiny. Conclusions. These data suggest an early co-circulation of genetically distinct A/H1N1v variants and emphasize the importance of a close molecular surveillance to detect rapidly the spread of new viral variants and to define their epidemiological impact

DBMI04, il database delle osservazioni macrosismiche dei terremoti italiani utilizzate per la compilazione del catalogo parametrico CPTI04

This paper describes the main features of the Macroseismic Database of Italy 2004, which for the first time put together in a critical way the macroseismic data used for the compilation of the CPTI04 (2004) parametric earthquake catalogue. Data come from varied main datasets: i) DOM4.1 (Monachesi e Stucchi, 1997); ii) CFTI version 2 (Boschi et al., 1997) and, for the time-window 1980-2002, CFTI version 3 (Boschi et al., 2000); iii) Bollettino Macrosismico ING (BMING); iv) Catalogo Macrosismico dei Terremoti Etnei, Azzaro et al. (2000; 2002). In addition, data from recent historical and field investigation were also used. DBMI04 contains 58146 macroseismic observations related to 1041 earthquakes and 14161 localities, 12943 of which in Italy. The input data used for the compilation of DBMI04 were not homogeneous with respect to the use of the intensity scale and, mainly, to geographical reference. One of the main task was the organisation of a reliable geographical reference, based on the previous ENEL-ISTAT catalogue of the Italian localities (ENEL, 1978), which was updated by means of new data. Another task consisted in correcting some mistakes performed when associating the placenames quoted by the historical sources and the geographical reference. Some problems were solved using ad hoc conventions for dealing with observations not expressed in terms of macroseismic intensity. This paper presents the adopted solutions and the results, together with the web-interface through which the database is made available to the public (http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/DBMI04/)