Observation of phase noise reduction in photonically synthesized sub-THz signals using a passively mode-locked laser diode and highly selective optical filtering

A Continuous Wave (CW) sub-THz photonic synthesis setup based on a single Passively Mode-Locked Laser Diode (PMLLD) acting as a monolithic Optical Frequency Comb Generator (OFCG) and highly selective optical filtering has been implemented to evaluate the phase noise performance of the generated sub-THz signals. The analysis of the synthesized sub-THz signals up to 120 GHz gives as a result an effective reduction of the electrical linewidth when compared to direct harmonic generation that begins at 50 GHz and becomes greater as the frequency increases. The phase noise reduction offered by the setup, along with its integration potential, cost and bandwidth, make it a promising candidate to the development of an integrated and high performance low phase noise local oscillator in the sub-THz range.Work supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through the project TEC2009-14525-C02-02 and by the European Commission FP7 iPHOS Project. The work by A.R. Criado has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology under the FPI Program, Grant# BES2010-030290.Publicad

80GHz balanced photodetector chip for next generation optical networks

We demonstrate a balanced 80GHz pin-photodetector chip with excellent responsivity, dark current and polarisation dependent loss. The device focuses on next generation optical networks with 56/64Gbaud and operates in C-band and L-band

Německý spolek, slepá ulička v dějinách?

The paper attempts to explain conditions of formation and the functioning of the German Confederation. These issues are examined through an unusual view, which is trying to find positive characteristics of the German Confederation at the time of establishment in 1815 and also to prove that the German Confederation was not simply the blind alley of German history, as argued in earlier historiography, but a feasible opportunity for the later Lesser German solution – at least at the beginning of existence of the Confederation. Simultaneously, the paper explains the reasons why the German Confederation lost this potential so soon. For the sake of comprehensiveness of the study, the international policy development of Germany during the Napoleonic Wars is also outlined, and the importance of the Holy Roman Empire and the Confederation of the Rhine to the genesis of the German Confederation is also explained