Creating a compendium of third wave therapy strategies : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Third Wave Cognitive Behavioural therapies have received much attention in the practice community recently. However, little has been done to understand how these therapies relate and diverge. Despite the varying theoretical models contributing to the Third Wave movement and their supposed varying therapeutic elements, studies have suggested that outcomes do not differ across these therapeutic approaches. This finding leaves room for the notion that shared or ‘common’ factors may be operating across these approaches. Exploration into common elements between these approaches is useful for identifying areas of overlap or uniqueness, shared processes of change, and perhaps components that may be particularly efficacious. Goldfried argued the best way to identify the commonalities among diverse therapeutic approaches is to compare them by their principles of change, or change processes (Goldfried, 1980). Research has investigated change processes for many approaches, including those of the Behaviour and Cognitive tradition. However, such extensive investigations have not been applied to the Third Wave approaches. Further, a lack of quality comparisons across these approaches, even at the more specific level of therapeutic strategies, represents a gap in the field. The present research first identified a set of strategies (84 items) within three Third Wave approaches: Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy. Strategies are sorted according to similarity in a card-sorting task, by two participant samples, a non-therapist sample (N=32) and a therapist sample (N=35). Sorting data were analysed using multidimensional scaling (MDS) to produce three three-dimensional models, representing each sample and a combined sample. The therapist sample was judged to represent the underlying relationships between strategies best. Three dimensions were identified that classified strategies according to their internal or external orientation; response to experience (accepting or exploratory in nature); and the perspectives involved (clients or external such as therapists). Additionally, 17 clusters were identified that comprised strategies perceived to represent similar concepts, five of which contained strategies from all three paradigms (Mindfulness; Noticing; Distress Tolerance and Acceptance; Therapist Style; and Observing and Perspective Taking). Commonalities and differences observed across the approaches are discussed and suggestions made for future validation of this model. Applications are discussed around informing investigations of change processes in the Third Wave and the integration of Third Wave therapy elements. This research presents opportunities for mapping strategies to various characteristics of the client, therapist or disorder, for example, and then identifying effective strategy use among these variables

Intelligent XML Tag Classification Techniques for XML Encryption Improvement

Flexibility, friendliness, and adaptability have been key components to use XML to exchange information across different networks providing the needed common syntax for various messaging systems. However excess usage of XML as a communication medium shed the light on security standards used to protect exchanged messages achieving data confidentiality and privacy. This research presents a novel approach to secure XML messages being used in various systems with efficiency providing high security measures and high performance. system model is based on two major modules, the first to classify XML messages and define which parts of the messages to be secured assigning an importance level for each tag presented in XML message and then using XML encryption standard proposed earlier by W3C [3] to perform a partial encryption on selected parts defined in classification stage. As a result, study aims to improve both the performance of XML encryption process and bulk message handling to achieve data cleansing efficiently

The determinants of bank stock return's co-movements in East Asia

We examine co-movements of bank stock returns in eight East Asian countries after the 1997 crisis and attempt to determine the factors that influence them. Unlike Bautista and al (2008) who focus on a measure of the contribution of banks to systemic risk, we consider the return correlations among banks within each country which are used as a dependent variable in weighted least squares regressions. The factors were chosen from a wide range of accounting and market-based indicators, but also macroeconomic and financial development data, using a stepwise procedure. The study finds that financial development is one of the significant determinants of return co-movement but that the share of interbank activities in the balance sheet is not a significant factor. A strong link is found between the bank return co-movements and bank default risk measured by a z-score. To a lesser extent, the share of loan activities in a bank's balance sheet, which is a proxy of opacity, is also a significant factor of the level of correlation.Bank contagion, East Asia, Correlation of bank stock returns

A TRANSMISSIBLE AVIAN NEOPLASM. (SARCOMA OF THE COMMON FOWL.)

In this paper is reported the first avian tumor that has proved transplantable to other individuals. It is a spindle-celled sarcoma of the hen, which thus far has been propagated into its fourth tumor generation. This was accomplished by the use of fowls of pure blood from the small, intimately related stock in which the growth occurred. Market-bought fowls of similar variety have shown themselves insusceptible, as have fowls of mixed breed, pigeons and guinea-pigs. The percentage of successful transplantations has been small, but in the individuals developing a tumor its growth has been fairly rapid. Young chickens are more susceptible than adults. The reinoculation of negative fowls has never resulted in a growth. Throughout, the sarcoma has remained true to type. It is infiltrative and destructive. Metastasis has been observed once (to the heart). Experiments to determine whether the growth may be transmitted by cell-fragments have not yet been made. Repeated bacteriological examinations have yielded negative results. In its general behavior, so far as tested, this avian tumor closely resembles the typical mammalian neoplasms that are transplantable

The Female Urethral Syndrome and Urethritis and Prostatitis in the Male

Two common urological problems frequently encountered by the primary care physician are the female urethral syndrome and urethritis in the male. Although I will touch on chronic prostatitis in this discussion, I question whether it is anything but a relatively uncommon entity

Intrascrotal Masses: Differentiation, Diagnosis, and Management

Abstract of the lecture given by Dr. Rous at the 49th Annual McGuire Lecture Series, December 3, 1977, at the Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia