The Time Augmented Cobb-Douglas Production Function

The main objective of this paper is to propose and verify a time augmentation of the Cobb-Douglas production function parameters which should be able to capture changing conditions over time. The parameters are estimated via the nonlinear least squares method. As data a time series including production and its sources, labour and capital, in the construction industries of six Central European countries for the period 1995-2015 is used. Our results, based on calculation of R2 and Theil's U, prove that the models containing the time augmented parameters are better than the basic one. Also a verification of evaluated models using the economic reality for each country is given. In addition to the superiority of the time augmented models, these are applicable to distinguish the specifics of the development of productivity in individual countries.O

Semisynthetic flavonoid 7-O-galloylquercetin activates Nrf2 and induces Nrf2-dependent gene expression in RAW264.7 and Hepa1c1c7 cells

The natural flavonoid quercetin is known to activate the transcription factor Nrf2, which regulates the expression of cytoprotective enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). In this study, a novel semisynthetic flavonoid 7-O-galloylquercetin (or quercetin-7-gallate, 3) was prepared by direct galloylation of quercetin, and its effect on the Nrf2 pathway was examined. A luciferase reporter assay showed that 7-O-galloylquercetin, like quercetin, significantly activated transcription via the antioxidant response element in a stably transfected human AREc32 reporter cell line. In addition, 7-O-galloylquercetin caused the accumulation of Nrf2 and induced the expression of HO-1 at both the mRNA and protein levels in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The induction of HO-1 by 7-O-galloylquercetin was significantly suppressed by N-acetyl-l-cysteine and SB203580, indicating the involvement of reactive oxygen species and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, respectively. HPLC/MS analyses also showed that 7-O-galloylquercetin was not degalloylated to quercetin, but it was conjugated with glucuronic acid and/or methylated in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, 7-O-galloylquercetin was found to increase the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1, and also the activity of NQO1 in murine hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells. Taken together, we conclude that 7-O-galloylquercetin increases Nrf2 activity and induces Nrf2-dependent gene expression in RAW264.7 and Hepa1c1c7 cells

Financial analysis of Citibank a.s.

The diploma thesis is about financial analysis of Citibank a.s. that is made by public data. Balance sheet items and profit and lost statement are analyzed. Analysis of liquidity, profitability and capital is made too. In the end, global financial situation of the bank is summarized

Quality of life in patients after total hip arthroplasty "Return to life"

Práce je věnována problematice totální náhrady kyčelního kloubu. V první části je teoretické zpracování daného tématu. V praktické části práce pojednává o dvou hlavních oblastech, které jsou součástí výzkumu a to je bolest a pohybová aktivita. Cílem práce bylo zjistit, zda se sníží intenzita bolesti po operaci ve srovnání s úrovní bolestí před výkonem a zda se zlepší pohybová aktivita. Zhodnocení proběhlo u pacientů s odstupem dvou let od operace.The thesis relates to a total hip arthroplasty. The first part of the thesis presents theoretical outcomes. The second part - practical - deals with two main areas which are the subjects of the research: pain and physical activity. The aim of the study is to determine whether the surgical procedure reduces pain intensity and improves physical activity. Patients were evaluated two years after surgery.Katedra ošetřovatelstvíHodnocení vedoucího: výborně Hodnocení oponenta: velmi dobře Doplňující otázky k obhajobě: 1. Jaký spatřujete přínos Vašeho výzkumu pro praxi? 2. Jaké faktory podle Vás ovlivňují zkvalitnění života po TEP? Obhajoba bakalářské práce s prezentací velmi dobrá

Productivity Development in Selected Central European Countries Measured by the Sato Production Function

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between economic output, labour and capital in the Visegrád Four, Austria and Germany. The main objective is to determine the type of technological progress in these countries over time, specifically in the period 1995-2015. The Sato production functions (a special case of the linearly homogeneous production function) for all the aforementioned countries are estimated using linear and nonlinear techniques. In addition to the original Sato production function, we propose modifying it in using a time variable, which allows us to analyse the development of productivity over time. Based on the NLS estimates of this modification, we create isoquant maps and calculate the value of the marginal rate of technical substitution of labour for capital to identify the nature of technological progress typical for each country. We also compare the properties of both the OLS and NLS estimates. The results are quite specific to individual countries, but there is some room for generalization

Sulfated Metabolites of Flavonolignans and 2,3-Dehydroflavonolignans: Preparation and Properties

Silymarin, an extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) fruits, is consumed in various food supplements. The metabolism of silymarin flavonolignans in mammals is complex, the exact structure of their metabolites still remains partly unclear and standards are not commercially available. This work is focused on the preparation of sulfated metabolites of silymarin flavonolignans. Sulfated flavonolignans were prepared using aryl sulfotransferase from Desulfitobacterium hafniense and p-nitrophenyl sulfate as a sulfate donor and characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) radical scavenging; ferric (FRAP) and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) reducing activity; anti-lipoperoxidant potential; and effect on the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway were examined. Pure silybin A 20-O-sulfate, silybin B 20-O-sulfate, 2,3-dehydrosilybin-20-O-sulfate, 2,3-dehydrosilybin-7,20-di-O-sulfate, silychristin-19-O-sulfate, 2,3-dehydrosilychristin-19-O-sulfate, and silydianin-19-O-sulfate were prepared and fully characterized. Sulfated 2,3-dehydroderivatives were more active in FCR and FRAP assays than the parent compounds, and remaining sulfates were less active chemoprotectants. The sulfated flavonolignans obtained can be now used as authentic standards for in vivo metabolic experiments and for further research on their biological activity