Martingales and Profile of Binary Search Trees

We are interested in the asymptotic analysis of the binary search tree (BST) under the random permutation model. Via an embedding in a continuous time model, we get new results, in particular the asymptotic behavior of the profile

Evidence of a causal and modifiable relationship between kidney function and circulating trimethylamine N-oxide

The host-microbiota co-metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is linked to increased cardiovascular risk but how its circulating levels are regulated remains unclear. We applied "explainable" machine learning, univariate, multivariate and mediation analyses of fasting plasma TMAO concentration and a multitude of phenotypes in 1,741 adult Europeans of the MetaCardis study. Here we show that next to age, kidney function is the primary variable predicting circulating TMAO, with microbiota composition and diet playing minor, albeit significant, roles. Mediation analysis suggests a causal relationship between TMAO and kidney function that we corroborate in preclinical models where TMAO exposure increases kidney scarring. Consistent with our findings, patients receiving glucose-lowering drugs with reno-protective properties have significantly lower circulating TMAO when compared to propensity-score matched control individuals. Our analyses uncover a bidirectional relationship between kidney function and TMAO that can potentially be modified by reno-protective anti-diabetic drugs and suggest a clinically actionable intervention for decreasing TMAO-associated excess cardiovascular risk

Imidazole propionate is increased in diabetes and associated with dietary patterns and altered microbial ecology

Microbiota-host-diet interactions contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Imidazole propionate is a novel microbially produced metabolite from histidine, which impairs glucose metabolism. Here, we show that subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in the MetaCardis cohort from three European countries have elevated serum imidazole propionate levels. Furthermore, imidazole propionate levels were increased in subjects with low bacterial gene richness and Bacteroides 2 enterotype, which have previously been associated with obesity. The Bacteroides 2 enterotype was also associated with increased abundance of the genes involved in imidazole propionate biosynthesis from dietary histidine. Since patients and controls did not differ in their histidine dietary intake, the elevated levels of imidazole propionate in type 2 diabetes likely reflects altered microbial metabolism of histidine, rather than histidine intake per se. Thus the microbiota may contribute to type 2 diabetes by generating imidazole propionate that can modulate host inflammation and metabolism

Le recours à la captivité : élevage et acclimatation

Présentation des travaux réalisés à la station de recherche du Cemagref à Saint Seurin sur l'Isle en Gironde. Eléments de réponses à la décision de créer une population captive dans un programme de sauvegarde et de restauration d'une espèce menacée

Les mécanismes de la haine antisémite et antimaçonnique chez Drumont et ses héritiers

Mechanisms of the hatred anti-semite and antimasonic in the lampoons of Edouard Drumont and his heirs Such is the title of our thesis. This study is very related to a literary and linguistic analysis of the drumontian speech. Which are the mechanisms which it uses to convince his readers which the Republic is with the hands of the Jews and the free-masons (lexicon chosen, rhetorical figures). The personality of Drumont was also studied for better understanding what defines an anti-semite and how its psychology acts on its writings (paranoia, fascination for the secrecy). We also chose to work on the heirs to Drumont (Anatole France, George Bernanos, Charies Maurras, Henry Coston Lucien Rebatet, Robert Faurisson and Paul Rassinier). We did not want to draw up a catalogue of the heirs anti-semites to Drumont but we selected a corpus of their writings to perceive what could be attached directly to the lampoons of the pope of the French anti-semitism. We attached a great importance to the analysis of the mechanisms of the judeo-masonic hatred and the myth of the plot while paying a detailed attention with the genesis of the complotist myth (with an specific analysis of the hoax the Protocols of Wise of Sion). We wanted to show that the drumontian speech prepared the French to accept the policy of Vichy and considerably transformed the collective memory of our country starting from stereotypes.Les mécanismes de la haine antisémite et antimaçonnique dans les pamphlets d'Edouard Drumont et ses héritiers. Tel est le titre de notre thèse. Cette étude est avant tout portée sur une analyse littéraire et linguistique du discours drumontien. Quels sont les mécanismes qu'il utilise pour convaincre son lectorat que la République est aux mains des Juifs et des francs-maçons (lexique choisi, figures de rhétorique). La personnalité de Drumont a également été étudiée pour mieux comprendre ce qui définit un antisémite et comment sa psychologie agit sur ses écrits (paranoïa, fascination pour le secret). Nous avons également choisi de travailler sur les héritiers de Drumont (Anatole France, Georges Bernanos, Charles Maurras, Henry Coston, Lucien Rebatet, Robert Faurisson et Paul Rassinier). Nous n'avons pas voulu dresser un catalogue des héritiers antisémites de Drumont mais nous avons sélectionné un corpus de leurs œuvres pour percevoir ce qui pouvait se rattacher directement aux pamphlets du pape de l'antisémitisme français. Nous avons attaché une grande importance à l'analyse des mécanismes de la haine et au mythe du complot judéo-maçonnique en portant une attention particulière à la genèse du mythe complotiste (avec une analyse précise du faux littéraire Les Protocoles des Sages de Sion). Nous avons voulu démontrer que le discours drumontien a préparé les Français à accepter la politique de Vichy et a considérablement transformé la mémoire collective de notre pays à partir de clichés et de stéréotypes

Basic management for spawning of the cultured sturgeon, Acipenser sturio L., 1758, a critically endangered species

International audienceSome wild-born individuals of the critically endangered sturgeon, Acipenser sturio, are tentatively held in brackish water in captive conditions in order to obtain sexual maturation, both for restocking and for preservation of the species from extinction. Sexual maturation was recorded in males, exhibiting a large range of inter-individual variation. Active semen was obtained in half the injected fish. In females, maturation was incomplete

Guide pour le programme de réintroduction de l'alose en Rhénanie du Nord Westphalie : reproduction contrôlée, production d'oeufs et de larves de grande alose Alosa alosa

This guideline aims to transfer the know-how acquired on the Allis shad to the people in charge of the setting up of a reintroduction program of Allis shad in the Rhin basin. It synthesizes the knowledge obtained by the Cemagref as regards transport of the parents, controlled production, egg and larvae productions.Ce guide a pour objectif de transférer le savoir faire acquis sur la grande alose aux personnes chargées de la mise en place d'un programme de réintroduction de la grande alose dans le bassin du Rhin. Il synthétise les connaissances acquises par le Cemagref en matière de transport des géniteurs, de reproduction contrôlée, de production d'oeufs et de larves

Basic management to spawn: the cultured sturgeon, Acipenser sturio L., 1758, a critically endangered species

The only chance to prevent the species from extinction depends on the capacity to build a functional cultured broodstock. The key condition is to succeed in breeding the fish, i.e. to provide the fish with suitable rearing conditions and appropriate management. The present study deals with two groups of fish

Compte rendu d'une première reproduction en France de l'esturgeon sibérien Acipenser baeri

National audienc

Présentation de la structure expérimentale SCOLA II : un mésocosme à la disposition de la communauté scientifique d'Aquitaine

National audiencePrésentation d'une structure expérimentale dédiée à l'étude des comportements de jeunes stades de poissons