The Role of Individual Variables, Organizational Variables and Moral Intensity Dimensions in Libyan Management Accountants’ Ethical Decision Making

This study investigates the association of a broad set of variables with the ethical decision making of management accountants in Libya. Adopting a cross-sectional methodology, a questionnaire including four different ethical scenarios was used to gather data from 229 participants. For each scenario, ethical decision making was examined in terms of the recognition, judgment and intention stages of Rest’s model. A significant relationship was found between ethical recognition and ethical judgment and also between ethical judgment and ethical intention, but ethical recognition did not significantly predict ethical intention—thus providing support for Rest’s model. Organizational variables, age and educational level yielded few significant results. The lack of significance for codes of ethics might reflect their relative lack of development in Libya, in which case Libyan companies should pay attention to their content and how they are supported, especially in the light of the under-development of the accounting profession in Libya. Few significant results were also found for gender, but where they were found, males showed more ethical characteristics than females. This unusual result reinforces the dangers of gender stereotyping in business. Personal moral philosophy and moral intensity dimensions were generally found to be significant predictors of the three stages of ethical decision making studied. One implication of this is to give more attention to ethics in accounting education, making the connections between accounting practice and (in Libya) Islam. Overall, this study not only adds to the available empirical evidence on factors affecting ethical decision making, notably examining three stages of Rest’s model, but also offers rare insights into the ethical views of practising management accountants and provides a benchmark for future studies of ethical decision making in Muslim majority countries and other parts of the developing world

A global classroom? evaluating the effectiveness of global virtual collaboration as a teaching tool in management education

We evaluate the effectiveness of global virtual student collaboration projects in international management education.Over 6,000 students from nearly 80 universities in 43 countries worked in global virtual teams for 2 months as part of their international management courses.Multisource longitudinal data were collected, including student and instructor feedback, course evaluations, assessment of changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors following the experiential project, and various indicators of individual and team performance.Drawing on experiential learning, social learning, and intergroup contact theories, the effectiveness of the experiential global virtual teambased approach in international management education was evaluated at the levels of reactions, learning, attitudes, behaviors, and performance.The findings show positive outcomes at each level, but also reveal challenges and limitations of using global virtual team projects for learning and education. Implications for international management education and suggestions for future research are discussed

Ethical Awareness, Ethical Judgment and Whistleblowing: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

This study aims to examine the ethical decision-making (EDM) model proposed by Schwartz (J Bus Ethics, doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2886-8,2016), where we consider the factors of non-rationality and aspects that affect ethical judgments of auditors to make the decision to blow the whistle. In this paper, we argue that the intention of whistleblowing depends on ethical awareness (EAW) and ethical judgment (EJW) as well as there is a mediation–moderation due to emotion (EMT) and perceived moral intensity (PMI) of auditors. Data were collected using an online surveywith 162 external auditors who worked on audit firms in Indonesia as well as 173 internal auditors working in the manufacturing and financial services. The result of multigroup analysis shows that emotion (EMT) can mediate the relationship between EAW and EJW. The nature of this relationship is more complex and then tested by adding moderating variables using consistent partial least squares approach. We found that EMT and PMI can improve the relationship between ethical judgments and whistleblowing intentions. These findings indicate that internal auditors are more likely to blow the whistle than external auditors; and reporting wrongdoing internally and anonymously are the preferred way of professional accountants to blow the whistle in Indonesia

Meta-analyses of international joint venture performance determinants

While research on international joint ventures (IJVs) has intensified over the last few decades, numerous reviewers have criticized the field for lack of accumulation. We use meta-analytic techniques to quantitatively synthesize and evaluate agency theory and the behavioral perspective in their ability to explain IJV performance variance. Overall, we find support for these theories but moderator analyses unveil important effects of artifactual variables, and point to a unique character of IJVs in China

International expansion of Chinese emerging market multinational corporations to developed markets: A qualitative analysis of post-acquisition and integration strategies

Since the end of Great Recession about a decade ago, the 20 biggest emerging market economies have become the drivers for global outward foreign direct investments (OFDI) (Casanova and Miroux in Emerging Market Multinational Report, 2017), and these capital outflows are increasingly directed toward developed countries in form of international mergers and acquisitions (Thomson Reuters in Mergers and acquisition review, 2018; UNCTAD in World investment report: investment and new industrial policies. United Nations 646 Publications, New York, 2018). Particularly China has become a key player in the global market for corporate takeovers since the turn of the century. The country already constitutes the world’s second largest economy (and largest emerging economy) for OFDI through international mergers and acquisitions, second only to the United States. In fact, the total transaction value of outbound international mergers and acquisitions of emerging market multinational corporations (EMNCs) from China amounted to nearly US$256 billion in 2016, with particular focus on target companies in developed economies (Casanova and Miroux in Emerging Market Multinational Report, 2017). Due to the significant capabilities gap between EMNCs from China and developed market companies, however, international acquisitions of the latter by the former require a unique post-acquisition integration approach that differs from those prescribed by extant research. In addition, due to the unique institutional environment of China, which is characterized by a considerable oversight and influence of the central government on the foreign market entry and location decisions by Chinese companies that are conducting outward foreign direct investments, a better understanding about the specific institutional demands and legitimacy pressures is needed for this context. This chapter aims to address these issues by examining the unique institutional environment of China in the context of the internationalization strategies of indigenous firms through acquisitions in developed markets, and the related, context-specific integration approaches Chinese EMNCs employ for these transactions