469 research outputs found
Follow-up of referrals to the Social Service Department from the Out-Patient Department at the Boston State Hospital during 1950.
Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit
Personalized Risk Assessment in Never, Light, and Heavy Smokers in a prospective cohort in Taiwan.
The objective of this study was to develop markedly improved risk prediction models for lung cancer using a prospective cohort of 395,875 participants in Taiwan. Discriminatory accuracy was measured by generation of receiver operator curves and estimation of area under the curve (AUC). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, age, gender, smoking pack-years, family history of lung cancer, personal cancer history, BMI, lung function test, and serum biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), bilirubin, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), and c-reactive protein (CRP) were identified and included in an integrative risk prediction model. The AUC in overall population was 0.851 (95% CIâ=â0.840-0.862), with never smokers 0.806 (95% CIâ=â0.790-0.819), light smokers 0.847 (95% CIâ=â0.824-0.871), and heavy smokers 0.732 (95% CIâ=â0.708-0.752). By integrating risk factors such as family history of lung cancer, CEA and AFP for light smokers, and lung function test (Maximum Mid-Expiratory Flow, MMEF25-75%), AFP and CEA for never smokers, light and never smokers with cancer risks as high as those within heavy smokers could be identified. The risk model for heavy smokers can allow us to stratify heavy smokers into subgroups with distinct risks, which, if applied to low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening, may greatly reduce false positives
A novel long non-coding RNA from NBL2 pericentromeric macrosatellite forms a perinucleolar aggregate structure in colon cancer
Primate-specific NBL2 macrosatellite is hypomethylated in several types of tumors, yet the consequences of this DNA hypomethylation remain unknown. We show that NBL2 conserved repeats are close to the centromeres of most acrocentric chromosomes. NBL2 associates with the perinucleolar region and undergoes severe demethylation in a subset of colorectal cancer (CRC). Upon DNA hypomethylation and histone acetylation, NBL2 repeats are transcribed in tumor cell lines and primary CRCs. NBL2 monomers exhibit promoter activity, and are contained within novel, non-polyA antisense lncRNAs, which we designated TNBL (Tumor-associated NBL2 transcript). TNBL is stable throughout the mitotic cycle, and in interphase nuclei preferentially forms a perinucleolar aggregate in the proximity of a subset of NBL2 loci. TNBL aggregates interact with the SAM68 perinucleolar body in a mirror-image cancer specific perinucleolar structure. TNBL binds with high affinity to several proteins involved in nuclear functions and RNA metabolism, such as CELF1 and NPM1. Our data unveil novel DNA and RNA structural features of a non-coding macrosatellite frequently altered in cancer
Securinine, a Myeloid Differentiation Agent with Therapeutic Potential for AML
As the defining feature of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a maturation arrest, a highly desirable therapeutic strategy is to induce leukemic cell maturation. This therapeutic strategy has the potential of avoiding the significant side effects that occur with the traditional AML therapeutics. We identified a natural compound securinine, as a leukemia differentiation-inducing agent. Securinine is a plant-derived alkaloid that has previously been used clinically as a therapeutic for primarily neurological related diseases. Securinine induces monocytic differentiation of a wide range of myeloid leukemia cell lines as well as primary leukemic patient samples. Securinine\u27s clinical potential for AML can be seen from its ability to induce significant growth arrest in cell lines and patient samples as well as its activity in significantly impairing the growth of AML tumors in nude mice. In addition, securinine can synergize with currently employed agents such as ATRA and decitabine to induce differentiation. This study has revealed securinine induces differentiation through the activation of DNA damage signaling. Securinine is a promising new monocytic differentiation inducing agent for AML that has seen previous clinical use for non-related disorders
Validation of a proxyâreported SARCâF questionnaire for current and retrospective screening of sarcopeniaârelated functional impairments
BACKGROUND: The strength, assistance walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs, and falls (SARCâF) questionnaire is a wellâestablished instrument for screening of sarcopenia and sarcopeniaârelated functional impairments. As it is based on selfâreporting, its use precludes patients who are unable to answer the questionnaire as a consequence of severe acute diseases or cognitive impairment. Therefore, we aimed to validate a proxyâreported version of the SARCâF for both adâhoc as well as retrospective screening for severe sarcopeniaârelated functional impairments. METHODS: Patients aged â„60 years completed the SARCâF and performed the short physical performance battery (SPPB) at baseline (T1). Proxies in Cohort A gave a simultaneous assessment of the patients' functional status with the proxyâreported SARCâF at T1 and again, retrospectively, after 3 months (T2). Proxies in Cohort B only completed the SARCâF retrospectively at T2. The questionnaires' performances were assessed through sensitivity/specificity analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. For nonâinferiority analyses, results of both the patientâreported and proxyâreported SARCâF were correlated with the SPPB total score as well as the results of the chairârise test subcategory; the respective correlation coefficients were tested against each other. RESULTS: One hundred and four patients and 135 proxies participated. Using a SPPB score < 9 points as the reference standard, the proxyâreported SARCâF identified patients at high risk for sarcopeniaârelated functional impairment with a sensitivity of 0.81 (adâhoc), 0.88 (retrospective Cohort A), and 0.87 (retrospective Cohort B) as well as a specificity of 0.89 (adâhoc), 0.78 (retrospective Cohort A), and 0.64 (retrospective Cohort B). Areas under the ROC curves were â„ 0.9 for the adâhoc proxyâreported SARCâF and the retrospective proxyâreported SARCâF in both cohorts. The proxyâreported SARCâF showed a nonâinferior correlation with the SPPB compared with the patientâreported SARCâF for adâhoc (P = <0.001) as well as retrospective screening for severe sarcopeniaârelated functional impairment in both Cohorts A (P = 0.007) and B (P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Proxyâreported SARCâF is a valid instrument for both adâhoc as well as retrospective screening for sarcopeniaârelated functional impairment and could become the standard tool for evaluating this risk in older adults with severe acute disease, for example, in patients with quickly evolving haematological conditions
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