INFLUÊNCIA DA MONENSINA SÓDICA, PROBIÓTICO (Saccharomyces cerevisae) E COMPLEMENTO MINERAL ORGÂNICO (CROMO) NA DIETA DE NOVILHOS CONFINADOS

It was compared the effect of sodic monensin, Direct-Fed Microbials (Saccharomyces cerevisae) and chrome organic mineral complement added separately to a ration made of residues of a maize and soybean first cleaning, plus urea and limestone and silage of maize, on the feeding of 32 growing steers in feed lot. The initial average weight was 299 kg (61 kg) and the feedlot lasted for 100 days, being 16-day-adaptation period (was applied) and the remaining 84 days were divided in three periods of 28 days. The steers were weighed after a previous fasting of 16 hours. The experiment was analyzed as randomized blocks design with four treatments and eight animals per treatment. It was observed no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the groups concerning the average daily gain and feed conversion. For the dry matter intake it was observed significant difference (P 0,05) no ganho médio diário e na conversão alimentar. Para o consumo de matéria seca foi observada diferença significativa (P < 0,05) entre a monensina sódica e o complemento mineral orgânico. Concluiu-se que a adição de monensina sódica, probiótico e complemento mineral orgânico não alteraram o desempenho de novilhos nas presentes condições

DIGESTIBILIDADE DA FRAÇÃO NITROGENADA EM BOVINOS ALIMENTADOS COM RAÇÕES CONTENDO DIFERENTES FONTES DE NITROGENIO

The present research work has been carried out with the aim to study the digestibility of nitrogen fractions, in animals fed with different nitrogen sources rations. The diets were supplied to Holstein steers with abomasal cannulas, with eight months of age and average weight of 187 kg, in a total of 21 animals selected at random. The experimental rations were constituted by 40% roughage (Rhodes grass hay) and 60% concentrate (corn, cotton seed meal, yeast, urea, molasses and minerals) by concentrate mixture. The utilized treatments were: RA (ration with cotton seed meal); RL (ration with yeast); RU (ration with urea). The amount of nitrogen (N) intaked in grams per day (g/day) in relation of metabolic weight (g/kgLW0.75) did not display significant differences (P > 0.05) with the change of nitrogen source of diets. Also the N present in abomasum (g/day) did not display significant differences (P > 0.05). The N apparent digestibility was superior (P < 0.05) in RU diet (53.61%) when compared to RA and RL diets (46.66 and 46.37%, respectively). RA and RL diets, despite presenting the largest amount of NNA in the abomasum (71.75 and 72.38 g/day respectively) in relation to RU diet (P < 0.05), were the ones that present the largest amounts eliminated in feaces as well (37.74 and 41.20 g/day, respectively). This fact contributed for the amounts absorbed of NNA by the intestine (g/day), which did not present significant differences between the diets (P > 0.05). The protein sources of diets intervened on the nitrogen apparent digestibility.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a digestibilidade da fração nitrogenada em animais alimentados com diferentes fontes de nitrogênio (N). As dietas foram fornecidas a bezerros da raça Holandesa, canulados no abomaso, com idade aproximada de 8 meses e peso médio de 187 kg, totalizando 21 animais escolhidos aleatoriamente, formando o grupo de repetições experimentais. As rações experimentais foram constituídas de 40 % de volumoso (feno de Capim-de-Rhodes) e 60 % de concentrado (milho, farelo de algodão, levedura, uréia, melaço e minerais), sendo: RA: ração com farelo de algodão; RL: ração com levedura; RU: ração com uréia. A quantidade de N ingerido em g/dia e em relação ao peso metabólico não apresentou diferenças significativas (P > 0,05) à medida que se variou a fonte nitrogenada das dietas. O N presente no abomaso (g/ dia) também não apresentou diferenças significativas entre as dietas (P > 0,05). A digestibilidade aparente do N foi superior (P < 0,05) na dieta RU (53,61 %) em relação às dietas RA e RL (46,66 e 46,37 %, respectivamente). As dietas RA e RL, apesar de apresentarem maiores quantidades de nitrogênio não-amoniacol (NNA) presentes no abomaso (71,75 e 72,38 g/dia respectivamente) em relação à dieta RU (P < 0,05), também foram as que apresentaram maiores quantidades eliminadas nas fezes (37,74 e 41,20 g/dia, respectivamente); isto contribuiu para que a quantidade de NNA absorvida no intestino (g/dia) não apresentasse diferenças significativas entre as dietas (P > 0,05). As fontes nitrogenadas das dietas interferiram sobre a digestibilidade aparente do nitrogênio

In situ degradability of the sugar cane ensiled with urea and corn grain in different proportions

O presente trabalho foi realizado no Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), com o objetivo de se avaliar a degradabilidade ruminal in situ da matéria seca (MS) da silagem de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum). Os tratamentos testados foram: silagem de cana pura (SC), silagem de cana acrescida de 1% de uréia (SCU) e silagem de cana acrescida de 1% de uréia e 2,5% de milho (SCUM). As médias dos tratamentos foram testadas pelo Teste de Tukey a 5%. O teste de degradabilidade in situ foi realizado em dois búfalos machos, fistulados no rúmen. Os valores observados para degradabilidade potencial e efetiva dos tratamentos testados foram respectivamente: 52,07% e38,23% para SC, 56,40% e 45,17% para SCU e 61,93% e 49,95% para SCUM. A degradabilidade potencial e efetiva da MS foi superior (P < 0,05) para a silagem de cana com 1% de uréia e 2,5% de milho com relação a SC e SCU. Dentre as silagens testadas, a que apresentou maior degradabilidade foi a SCUM, devido a inclusão de ingredientes com maior degradação ruminal.The present work was carried out at the Agronomy Institute of Parana (IAPAR), to evaluate in situ the ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM) of sugar cane silage (Saccharum officinarum). The treatments tested were: pure sugar cane silage (SC), sugar canesilage with 1% of urea (SCU) and sugar cane silage with 1% of urea and 2.5% of corn grain (SCUM). Tukey test was used to compare treatments means, significance level of 5%. The observed values for potential and effective degradability of the treatments were respectively: 52.07% and 38.23% for SC; 56.40%and 45.17% for SCU; and 61.93% and 49.95% for SCUM. The potential and effective degradability of DM was greater (P < 0.05) for sugar cane silage with 1% of urea and 2.5% of corn grain than for SC and SCU. Among the tested silages, the one which presented the best results was the SCUM, what may be due to the replacement of sugar cane for ingredients with high ruminal degradation

Glycyrrhizic acid and its hydrolyzed metabolite 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid as specific ligands for targeting nanosystems in the treatment of liver cancer

Glycyrrhizic acid and its hydrolyzed metabolite 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, obtained from the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, have numerous pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerative, antiallergic, immunomodulatory, antiviral, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant effects, and others. In addition to the pharmacological activities, in the 1980s, an interaction and uptake of these molecules by the liver was verified, which was later confirmed by other studies through the discovery of specific receptors in the hepatocytes. The presence of these specific receptors in the liver led to vectorization and delivery of drugs, by the introduction of glycyrrhizic acid or glycyrrhetinic acid on the surface of nanosystems, for the treatment of liver diseases. This review describes experimental evidence of vectorization by conjugating glycyrrhizic acid or glycyrrhetinic acid to nanosystems and delivery of antitumor drugs for the treatment of liver cancer and also describes the techniques used to perform this conjugation. We have shown that due to the existence of specific receptors for these molecules, in addition to the targeting of nanosystems to hepatocytes, nanosystems having glycyrrhizic acid or glycyrrhetinic acid on their surface had the same therapeutic effect in a significantly lower dose compared to the free drug and unconjugated nanosystems, with consequent reduction of side effects and toxicity

AVALIAÇÃO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE CARCAÇA DE BOVINOS MESTIÇOS PURUNÃ, ALIMENTADOS COM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE ENERGIA NA DIETA

Developed at the Model Farm Experimental Station – IAPAR, Ponta Grossa – PR, this study evaluated the carcass characteristics of Purunã crossbred bovines, fed with different energy levels in their diets. 24 half breed animals Purunã/Canchim with initial average age of 18 months had been used. The initial average weight was 272 kg for the light animals and 373 kg for the heavy animals and the total intake of 9.35 kg MS/day and 10.35 kg MS/day, respectively. The animals were confined for 84 days, in individual baies. Each treatment had eight repetitions, being four light animals and four heavy ones. The feed consisted of corn silage, soy bean meal, corn grain, urea, dicalcium phosphate, supplement mineral, provided according to the program RLM 3.0. The diets of treatments were provided according to the energies levels: T1: 70.5%TND, T2: 67%TND e T3: 64%TND. The carcass characteristics evaluation didn’t show significant difference between treatment (P > 0.05) and hot carcass weight. It wasn’t observed significant difference between energy increase (P > 0.05) and hot carcass income, carcass length, leg length and thigh thickness. Similarly, the rib eye area, the subcutaneous fat thickness, the percentage of bones, muscle and fat, the carcass conformation, meat color and texture aren’t affected (P > 0.05) by the energy level in the diet. There was statistical difference between intermediary energy level and marbling (P 0,05) sobre o peso e o rendimento da carcaça quente, bem como sobre os comprimentos de carcaça, de perna e espessura de coxão. Da mesma forma, a área de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura subcutânea, as porcentagens de osso, músculo e gordura, a conformação da carcaça, coloração e textura da carne não foram influenciados (P> 0,05) pelo nível de energia na dieta. O maior valor de marmoreio (P < 0,05) foi obtido no nível intermediário de energia (67% de NDT)

EFEITO DO USO DE INOCULANTES SOBRE O pH E A COMPOSIÇÃO BROMATOLÓGICA DA SILAGEM DE SORGO (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

The objective of this work was to study the effect of three doses of commercial bacterial inoculant Sil-All (Alltech®), on the pH and the quality of the silage of sorgo, variety AG 2005. Sixteen experimental silos had been used, with capacity for 20kg of silage. The tested treatments had been T1 without the inoculante addition, T2: 2,5g/L of inoculante, T3: 5,0 g/L of inoculante and T4: 7,5 g/L of inoculante. After 60 days, the silos had been opened and samples removed for determination of pH, PB, FDN and FDA. The delineation was completely randomized, with four treatments and four repetitions. The different applied doses had resulted in significant difference (P 0,05) values of pH, PB, FDN and FDA.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o efeito de três doses do aditivo bacteriano comercial Sil-All (Alltech®), sobre o pH e a composição bromatológica da silagem de sorgo, variedade AG 2005. Foram utilizados 16 silos experimentais, com capacidade para 20kg de silagem. Os tratamentos testados foram T1: sem a adição de inoculante, T2: 2,5g/L de inoculante, T3: 5,0 g/L de inoculante e T4: 7,5 g/L de inoculante. Após 60 dias de ensilado, os silos foram abertos e retiradas amostras para determinação de pH, PB, FDN e FDA. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. As diferentes doses aplicadas resultaram em diferença significativa (P 0,05) os teores de pH, PB, FDN e FDA

DIGESTIBILIDADE APARENTE DE DOIS CULTIVARES DE MILHO, CORTADOS EM DIFERENTES ALTURAS, SUBMETIDOS À ENSILAGEM

Due the increasing utilization of corn silage for animal feeding whit high performance, this experiment objective was evaluates the total digestibility of silage elaborated whit two varieties of corn (AG 1051 floury and AG 2020 flint), cutting in 20 and 40 centimeters of soil. Were utilized 8 animals without defined race, divided in two blocks, composing a factorial model. Tukey test was used to compare treatments means, significance level of 5%. The digestibility was calculated with the total collection of excrete/feaces. Was estimatedvalues of total digestibility of dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Digestibility of DM, EE, CP and NDF was higher for AG 1051 cutting in 40 cm, and the ADF no present significant differencesbetween treatments (P < 0.05). The utilization of floury hybrids and higher cutting height was suggested.Devido a constante utilização de silagem de milho para alimentação de animais de alto desempenho produtivo, este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a digestibilidade aparente da silagem de duas variedades de milho (AG 1051 textura farinácea e AG 2020 textura dura), cortados a 20 cm e 40 cm dealtura do solo. Foram utilizados 8 animais SRD adultos, divididos em 2 blocos, compondo um modelo fatorial. As médias foram testadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. A digestibilidade foi calculada utilizando o método de coleta total de excretas. Foram estimados os valores de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (MS),extrato etéreo (EE), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). A digestibilidade da MS, EE, PB e FDN foi superior para a variedade AG 1051 cortada a 40 cm de altura e o FDA não diferiu estatisticamente entre ostratamentos (P < 0,05). Sugere-se então, a utilização de cultivares de textura macia e altura de corte mais elevada, quando se busca obter uma silagem de maior digestibilidade

Comparação de sistemas de nutrição de bovinos no modelo de produção intensiva de carne. I. Suplementação de vacas durante a estação da seca.

Foram utilizados 30 vacas Canchim com media de peso vivo de 471 kg e 50 meses de idade, suplementadas durante a estacão seca de 1998, visando avaliar a precisão no desempenho preconizado por diferentes sistemas de ajuste de dietas.As rações, a base de silagem de milho, milho, farelo de algodão, farelo de soja e soja integral, seguiram as recomendações do sistema de proteína metabolizável; sistema de proteína e carboidrato líquidos de cornell; e do sistema de proteína digestível no intestino, para manutenção do peso corporal. Concluiu-se que as dietas ajustadas pelo sistemas não diferiram entre si e proporcionaram resultados compatíveis com os estimados

Multimodal evaluation of ultra-short laser pulses treatment for skin burn injuries

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPEAM - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO AMAZONASThousands of people die every year from burn injuries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of high intensity femtosecond lasers as an auxiliary treatment of skin burns. We used an in vivo animal model and monitored the healing process using 4 different imaging modalities: histology, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Second Harmonic Generation (SHG), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 3 dorsal areas of 20 anesthetized Wistar rats were burned by water vapor exposure and subsequently treated either by classical surgical debridement, by laser ablation, or left without treatment. Skin burn tissues were non-invasively characterized by OCT images and biopsied for further histopathology analysis, SHG imaging and FTIR spectroscopy at 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after burn. The laser protocol was found as efficient as the classical treatment for promoting the healing process. The study concludes to the validation of femtosecond ultra-short pulses laser treatment for skinburns, with the advantage of minimizing operatory trauma. (C) 2017 Optical Society of AmericaThousands of people die every year from burn injuries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of high intensity femtosecond lasers as an auxiliary treatment of skin burns. We used an in vivo animal model and monitored the healing process using 4 different imaging modalities: histology, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Second Harmonic Generation (SHG), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 3 dorsal areas of 20 anesthetized Wistar rats were burned by water vapor exposure and subsequently treated either by classical surgical debridement, by laser ablation, or left without treatment. Skin burn tissues were non-invasively characterized by OCT images and biopsied for further histopathology analysis, SHG imaging and FTIR spectroscopy at 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after burn. The laser protocol was found as efficient as the classical treatment for promoting the healing process. The study concludes to the validation of femtosecond ultra-short pulses laser treatment for skinburns, with the advantage of minimizing operatory trauma.Thousands of people die every year from burn injuries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of high intensity femtosecond lasers as an auxiliary treatment of skin burns. We used an in vivo animal model and monitored the healing process using 4 different imaging modalities: histology, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Second Harmonic Generation (SHG), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 3 dorsal areas of 20 anesthetized Wistar rats were burned by water vapor exposure and subsequently treated either by classical surgical debridement, by laser ablation, or left without treatment. Skin burn tissues were non-invasively characterized by OCT images and biopsied for further histopathology analysis, SHG imaging and FTIR spectroscopy at 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after burn. The laser protocol was found as efficient as the classical treatment for promoting the healing process. The study concludes to the validation of femtosecond ultra-short pulses laser treatment for skinburns, with the advantage of minimizing operatory trauma.8315751588FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPEAM - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO AMAZONASFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPEAM - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS05/51689-2; 11/51959-0573.916/2008-0; 573.913/2008-00; 312397/2013-58881.068505/2014-01Sem informaçã