First report of Leptosphaeria biglobosa ‘brassicae’ as causal agent of phoma leaf spot in Brassica napus (Canola) in Argentina

Canola(Brassicanapus L.) is the second largest oilseed crop in the worldproviding 13% of the world´s oil supply. This crop has been grown in Argentinasince the 1930s, and the area devoted to its cultivation varies every year,reaching a maximum of 95000 Ha in the 2012/2013 growing season. Because of theoccurrence of optimal weather conditions and soils with high fertility, theaverage yield in this region is about 2000 kg/Ha. Phoma leaf spot and Phomastem canker are considered the most important and devastating diseases in Brassica napus andother Brassicaespecies [1]. In both cases, the causal agent is a complexof two closely related fungal species, Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa. In Argentina,the presence of L. maculans incanola plants was reported for the first time in 2004 [2], but the existence ofL.biglobosa has not been recorded so far. During the 2015/2016season, we collected several samples with typical Phoma leaf spot symptoms fromcanola plants growing in fields from the north and northeastern regions of the Buenos Aires province.The necrotic lesions were circular to irregularly oval, 8 to 15 mm in diameter,pale brown in the center, grayish green at the margin and characterized withthe presence of pycnidia. Several leaf pieces with lesions were rinsed twicewith deionized sterile water and placed in a humid chamber (90 mm diameterPetri dish with a layer of filter paper soaked in deionized sterile water) during2-3 days to induce the pycnidia to exude cirri of conidia. After this period,one cirrus per sample was transferred onto PDA plates supplemented withantibiotics (15 mg/L streptomycin, 15 mg/L gentamicin and 12 mg/L tetracycline)using an inoculation needle under stereoscopic microscope. Thus, severalisolates were obtained, some of them showing rapid mycelial growth rate andpigment production on PDA medium, as showed by the isolate Tapidor of L. biglobosa thatwe used as control (kindly provided by Professor Bruce Fitt, University ofHertfordshire-UK). In order to confirm the identity of these isolates, a PCRassay using genomic DNA as template was performed to distinguish L. maculans from L. biglobosa withthe species-specific primers LmacR, LmacF,and LbigF ina three-primers strategy described by Gaetan (2005)[3]. These reactions gave a444-bp amplicon as expected for L. biglobosa ´brassicae´.In addition, these results were confirmed by sequencing the nuclear ribosomalinternal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, which showed a 99% of identity withthe sequence of L. biglobosa ´brassicae´at the GenBank database (FO905468). L. biglobosa isolateswere then tested for pathogenicity on the canola cultivars Westar and Bioaureo2286 (Nuseed). With this purpose, cotyledons of 10-day-old seedlings werepricked with a needle, and each wound inoculated with 10 μl ofa conidial suspension (107 42conidia/ml). Sterilized distilled water was used as control. Developing primaryleaves were removed every 2-3 days in order to ensure that cotyledons continueto expand. Fourteen days after inoculation, irregular and brown necroticlesions were visible at the site of inoculation. These cotyledons were detachedand placed in a humid chamber to induce pycnidia formation. After three dayscirri of conidia were transferred to a plate with PDA supplemented with antibioticsas mentioned above. The identity of these isolates of L. biglobosa wereconfirmed by pigment production on PDA medium and by PCR assay usingspecies-specific primers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. biglobosa ´brassicae´as a pathogen of canola in Argentina. This finding shows that in Argentina´scanola cropping areas not 50 only L. maculans but alsoL.biglobosa are the causal agents of Phoma leaf spot disease.Fil: Rossi, Franco Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Romero, Fernando Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Garriz, Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Oscar Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentin

Reactive oxygen species generated in chloroplasts contribute to tobacco leaf infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play fundamental roles in plant responses to pathogen infection, including modulation of cell death processes and defense-related gene expression. Cell death triggered as part of the hypersensitive response enhances resistance to biotrophic pathogens, but favors the virulence of necrotrophs. Even though the involvement of ROS in the orchestration of defense responses is well established, the relative contribution of specific subcellular ROS sources to plant resistance against microorganisms with different pathogenesis strategies is not completely known. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of chloroplastic ROS in plant defense against a typical necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. For this purpose, we used transgenic Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) lines expressing a plastid-targeted cyanobacterial flavodoxin (pfld lines), which accumulate lower chloroplastic ROS in response to different stresses. Tissue damage and fungal growth were significantly reduced in infected leaves of pfld plants, as compared with infected wild-type (WT) counterparts. ROS build-up triggered by Botrytis infection and associated with chloroplasts was significantly decreased (70–80%) in pfld leaves relative to the wild type. Phytoalexin accumulation and expression of pathogenesis-related genes were induced to a lower degree in pfld plants than in WT siblings. The impact of fungal infection on photosynthetic activity was also lower in pfld leaves. The results indicate that chloroplast-generated ROS play a major role in lesion development during Botrytis infection. This work demonstrates that the modulation of chloroplastic ROS levels by the expression of a heterologous antioxidant protein can provide a significant degree of protection against a canonical necrotrophic fungus.Fil: Rossi, Franco Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Krapp, Adriana del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Bisaro, Fabiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; Argentina. The Queens University of Belfast; IrlandaFil: Maiale, Santiago Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Pieckenstain, Fernando Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Carrillo, Nestor Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; Argentin

Study of oxidative stress and genotoxicity by arsenic contamination in Glycine <i>max.</i> L

Introduction: Volcanism is an important natural origin of Arsenic (As) contamination. Aims: Oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant defense system, the expression of transcripts involved in defense responses and the As genotoxicity were analyzed. Study Design: The plants were separated into two groups (Control and As-treated ones) until they were exposed to As (2.5 and 5 ppm) at day 10. Methodology: Biochemical, molecular and cytogenetic determinations were carried out. Results: Arsenic treated plants show growth abnormalities. The antioxidant defenses and oxidative parameters in roots and leaves showed different tissue-specific responses. Whereas leaf tissues display an active antioxidant defense, root cells are unable to produce defense molecules and show oxidative stress. Moreover, the analysis of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, showed higher activity in leaves than in roots, except for isocitrate dehydrogenase. The expression of GR and MAPK decreased significantly in all the treatments during the time curve. ICDH showed an increase in its expression with 24 hours of treatment and falls at 72 hours compared to their controls. Genotoxicity assays showed a decrease of mitotic index (MI) and the presence of altered nucleus, in samples exposed for 72 hours. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the physiological, biochemical, molecular and cytogenetic behavior of the plants depends on the As concentration and the length of the exposure.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriale

Study of oxidative stress and genotoxicity by arsenic contamination in Glycine max. L

Introduction: Volcanism is an important natural origin of Arsenic (As) contamination. Aims: Oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant defense system, the expression of transcripts involved in defense responses and the As genotoxicity were analyzed. Study Design: The plants were separated into two groups (Control and As-treated ones) until they were exposed to As (2.5 and 5 ppm) at day 10. Methodology: Biochemical, molecular and cytogenetic determinations were carried out. Results: Arsenic treated plants show growth abnormalities. The antioxidant defenses and oxidative parameters in roots and leaves showed different tissue-specific responses. Whereas leaf tissues display an active antioxidant defense, root cells are unable to produce defense molecules and show oxidative stress. Moreover, the analysis of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, showed higher activity in leaves than in roots, except for isocitrate dehydrogenase. The expression of GR and MAPK decreased significantly in all the treatments during the time curve. ICDH showed an increase in its expression with 24 hours of treatment and falls at 72 hours compared to their controls. Genotoxicity assays showed a decrease of mitotic index (MI) and the presence of altered nucleus, in samples exposed for 72 hours. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the physiological, biochemical, molecular and cytogenetic behavior of the plants depends on the As concentration and the length of the exposure.Fil: Marsa, Silvana Mariel. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Rossi, Franco Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "dr. Raul Alfonsin" (sede Chascomus) | Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Valdez, Hugo Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "dr. Raul Alfonsin" (sede Chascomus) | Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Gomez Casati, Diego Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro de Estudios Fotosinteticos y Bioquimicos. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Cs.bioquímicas y Farmaceuticas. Centro de Estudios Fotosinteticos y Bioquimicos; ArgentinaFil: Zirulnik, Fanny. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentin

Polyamine-mediated mechanisms contribute to oxidative stress tolerance in Pseudomonas syringae

Bacterial phytopathogens living on the surface or within plant tissues may experience oxidative stress because of the triggered plant defense responses. Although it has been suggested that polyamines can defend bacteria from this stress, the mechanism behind this action is not entirely understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of oxidative stress on the polyamine homeostasis of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the functions of these compounds in bacterial stress tolerance. We demonstrated that bacteria respond to H2O2 by increasing the external levels of the polyamine putrescine while maintaining the inner concentrations of this compound as well as the analogue amine spermidine. In line with this, adding exogenous putrescine to media increased bacterial tolerance to H2O2. Deletion of arginine decarboxylase (speA) and ornithine decarboxylate (speC), prevented the synthesis of putrescine and augmented susceptibility to H2O2, whereas targeting spermidine synthesis alone through deletion of spermidine synthase (speE) increased the level of extracellular putrescine and enhanced H2O2 tolerance. Further research demonstrated that the increased tolerance of the ΔspeE mutant correlated with higher expression of H2O2-degrading catalases and enhanced outer cell membrane stability. Thus, this work demonstrates previously unrecognized connections between bacterial defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and the polyamine metabolism.Fil: Solmi, Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Rossi, Franco Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Romero, Fernando Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Bach Pages, Marcel. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Preston, Gail M.. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Ruiz, Oscar Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Gárriz, Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentin

Inferring the Significance of the Polyamine Metabolism in the Phytopathogenic Bacteria Pseudomonas syringae: A Meta-Analysis Approach

To succeed in plant invasion, phytopathogenic bacteria rely on virulence mechanisms to subvert plant immunity and create favorable conditions for growth. This process requires a precise regulation in the production of important proteins and metabolites. Among them, the family of compounds known as polyamines have attracted considerable attention as they are involved in important cellular processes, but it is not known yet how phytopathogenic bacteria regulate polyamine homeostasis in the plant environment. In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data from experiments conducted on bacteria to begin delving into this topic and better understand the regulation of polyamine metabolism and its links to pathogenicity. We focused our research on Pseudomonas syringae, an important phytopathogen that causes disease in many economically valuable plant species. Our analysis discovered that polyamine synthesis, as well as general gene expression activation and energy production are induced in the early stages of the disease. On the contrary, synthesis of these compounds is inhibited whereas its transport is upregulated later in the process, which correlates with the induction of virulence genes and the metabolism of nitrogen and carboxylic acids. We also found that activation of plant defense mechanisms affects bacterial polyamine synthesis to some extent, which could reduce bacterial cell fitness in the plant environment. Furthermore, data suggest that a proper bacterial response to oxidative conditions requires a decrease in polyamine production. The implications of these findings are discussed.Fil: Solmi, Leandro. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus.; ArgentinaFil: Rosli, Hernan Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Pombo, Marina Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Stalder, Santiago. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus.; ArgentinaFil: Rossi, Franco Rubén. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus.; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Fernando Matias. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus.; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Oscar Adolfo. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus.; ArgentinaFil: Gárriz, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus.; Argentin

Servidor PACS usando el estándar DICOM : Repositorio Open Source Web DICOM en Hospital Eleazar Herrera Motta

DICOM es un estándar ampliamente adoptado para imágenes médicas, pero no es una solución integral para problemas de integración y transacciones en todos los componentes de atención médica, para ello se necesita un sistema para captura y conversión y almacenamiento a formato DICOM de las imágenes de Diagnóstico Médico de los distintos estudios que se realizan en el nosocomio (tomografías, rayos x, ecografías, endoscopias etc.). El acceso al sistema será realizado mediante la intranet o internet, es decir, que se pueda realizar desde cualquier computador conectado en el hospital a la red interna o a su vez conectado a través de la red internet desde cualquier parte del mundo, ya que el PACS funciona en entorno Web DICOM. que permitirá en un futuro implementar un servidor PACS en la nube. Las imágenes generadas por los distintos equipos, podrían quedar almacenadas en un servidor PACS de la solución open source arclight( https://github.com/dcm4che/dcm4ch ee-arc-light) y además, dichas imágenes quedan totalmente vinculadas a la historia de Salud del Paciente, se acceden netamente a través de DICOM Web (RestFul) y visualizadas a través de OHIF Viewer Oviyam https://github.com/OHIF/Viewers), cumpliendo con los estándares DICOM server, HL7 server, Web-based interface.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Polyamines and legumes: Joint stories of stress, nitrogen fixation and environment

Polyamines (PAs) are natural aliphatic amines involved in many physiological processes in almost all living organisms, including responses to abiotic stresses and microbial interactions. On other hand, the family Leguminosae constitutes an economically and ecologically key botanical group for humans, being also regarded as the most important protein source for livestock. This review presents the profuse evidence that relates changes in PAs levels during responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in model and cultivable species within Leguminosae and examines the unreviewed information regarding their potential roles in the functioning of symbiotic interactions with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizae in this family. As linking plant physiological behavior with “big data” available in “omics” is an essential step to improve our understanding of legumes responses to global change, we also examined integrative MultiOmics approaches available to decrypt the interface legumes-PAs-abiotic and biotic stress interactions. These approaches are expected to accelerate the identification of stress tolerant phenotypes and the design of new biotechnological strategies to increase their yield and adaptation to marginal environments, making better use of available plant genetic resources.Fil: Menendez, Ana Bernardina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Calzadilla, Pablo Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Sansberro, Pedro Alfonso. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Espasandin, Fabiana Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Gázquez, Ayelén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Bordenave, César Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Maiale, Santiago Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Andres Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Maguire, Vanina Giselle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Campestre, Maria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Gárriz, Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Rossi, Franco Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Romero, Fernando Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Solmi, Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Salloum, Maria Soraya. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Monteoliva, Mariela Inés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Debat, Humberto Julio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Oscar Adolfo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentin

A bacterial endophyte from apoplast fluids protects canola plants from different phytopathogens via antibiosis and induction of host resistance

Endophytic bacteria colonize inner plant tissues and thrive at the apoplast, which is considered its main reservoir. Because this niche is the place where the main molecular events take place between beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms, the aim of this work was to characterize culturable endophytic bacteria from apoplastic fluids obtained from field-grown canola leaves and analyze their potential for biological control of diseases caused by Xanthomonas campestris, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Leptosphaeria maculans. Dual-culture analysis indicated that three isolates (Apo8, Apo11, and Apo12) were able to inhibit the growth of all three phytopathogens. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA and rpoD genes of these isolates revealed that they are closely related to Pseudomonas viridiflava. One of the isolates, Apo11, was able to diminish the propagation of X. campestris in whole-plant assays. At the same time, Apo11 inoculation reduced the necrotic lesions provoked by S. sclerotiorum on canola leaves. This protective effect might be due to the induction of resistance in the host mediated by salicylic and jasmonic acid signaling pathways or the production of compounds with antimicrobial activity. At the same time, Apo11 inoculation promoted canola plant growth. Thus, the isolate characterized in this work has several desirable characteristics, which make it a potential candidate for the formulation of biotechnological products to control plant diseases or promote plant growth.Fil: Romero, Fernando Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Rossi, Franco Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Gárriz, Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Carrasco, Pedro. Universidad de Valencia; España. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Oscar Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentin

Role of Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) in Arabidopsis thaliana defence against the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas viridiflava

Polyamine biosynthesis starts with putrescine production through the decarboxylation of arginine or ornithine. In Arabidopsis thaliana, putrescine is synthesised exclusively by arginine decarboxylase (ADC), which exists as two isoforms (ADC1 and 2) that are differentially regulated by abiotic stimuli, but their role in defence against pathogens has not been studied in depth. This work analysed the participation of ADC in Arabidopsis defence against Pseudomonas viridiflava. ADC activity and expression, polyamine levels and bacterial resistance were analysed in null mutants of each ADC isoform. In non-infected wild-type (WT) plants, ADC2 expression was much higher than ADC1. Analysis of adc mutants demonstrated that ADC2 contributes to a much higher extent than ADC1 to basal ADC activity and putrescine biosynthesis. In addition, adc2 mutants showed increased basal expression of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-dependent PR genes. Bacterial infection induced putrescine accumulation and ADC1 expression in WT plants, but pathogen-induced putrescine accumulation was blocked in adc1 mutants. Results suggest a specific participation of ADC1 in defence, although basal resistance was not decreased by dysfunction of either of the two ADC genes. In addition, and as opposed to WT plants, bacterial infection increased ADC2 expression and ADC activity in adc1 mutants, which could counterbalance the lack of ADC1. Results demonstrate a major contribution of ADC2 to total ADC activity and the specific induction of ADC1 in response to infection. A certain degree of functional redundancy between the two isoforms in relation to their contribution to basal resistance is also evident.Fil: Rossi, Franco Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (subsede Chascomús) | Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (subsede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Marina, María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (subsede Chascomús) | Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (subsede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Pieckenstain, Fernando Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (subsede Chascomús) | Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (subsede Chascomús); Argentin