Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Óbito durante tratamento da leishmaniose tegumentar americana com stibogluconato de sódio bp 88â (shandong xinhua)

Costa, Jackson Mauricio Lopes “Documento produzido em parceria ou por autor vinculado à Fiocruz, mas não consta à informação no documento”.Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2017-07-28T14:17:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa JML Óbito durante tratamento....pdf: 38298 bytes, checksum: 2f67160d7b233de921969baff6cfc2c6 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2017-07-28T14:25:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa JML Óbito durante tratamento....pdf: 38298 bytes, checksum: 2f67160d7b233de921969baff6cfc2c6 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T14:25:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa JML Óbito durante tratamento....pdf: 38298 bytes, checksum: 2f67160d7b233de921969baff6cfc2c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Núcleo de Patologia Tropical e Medicina Social. Departamento de Patologia. São Luis, MA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão. Núcleo de Patologia Tropical e Medicina Social. Departamento de Patologia. São Luis, MA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão. Núcleo de Patologia Tropical e Medicina Social. Departamento de Patologia. São Luis, MA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão. Núcleo de Patologia Tropical e Medicina Social. Departamento de Patologia. São Luis, MA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão. Núcleo de Patologia Tropical e Medicina Social. Departamento de Patologia. São Luis, MA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão. Núcleo de Patologia Tropical e Medicina Social. Departamento de Patologia. São Luis, MA, BrasilOs autores relatam a ocorrência de óbito em paciente portador da forma cutânea da LTA no município de Caxias-MA. Trata-se de paciente do sexo masculino, 22 anos, gari, portador de lesão ulcerada no membro inferior (perna esquerda), diagnosticado, após encontro do parasita (Leishmania) na lesão, tratado com stibogluconato de sódio BP88â (Shandong Xinhua) na dose de 10mg/Sb+5/kg/dia/20 dias. Após a 3a dose apresentou dores articulares, naúseas, mal estar geral. Com a continuação da medicação houve agravamento do quadro com dor epigástrica e no hipocôndrio direito irradiando-se para o hemitórax homolateral. Após a 7a dose apresentou dispnéia associado à dor torácica de leve intensidade. Na 9a dose houve piora do quadro, mesmo assim continuou a usar o medicamento até a 11a dose quando seu estado agravou-se. Foi internado, necessitando de tratamento intensivo. Nos exames realizados apresentou: 4,4 milhões de eritócitos, 10,6% de hemoglobina, 35% de hematócrito, 26.400 de leucócitos, basófilos e mielócitos (0), 59% de segmentados, 30% de linfócitos, 2% de monócitos, plaquetas (normais), glicose 42mg%, uréia 73mg%, creatinina (2,4mg%), eletrocardiograma (bloqueio de ramo direito). Veio a falecer tendo como causa do óbito, insuficiência cárdio respiratória. O relato atual mostra a necessidade de esclarecimento das equipes de saúde quanto ao uso dos Sb+5 e também lembrar o Ministério da Saúde quando da aquisição de novos produtos, preocupar-se com a qualidade e procedência do mesmo.The authors report the occurrence of a fatal case in patient with cutaneous leishmaniasis in the municipality of Caxias, MA. Male patient, 22 years old, road sweeper, presented with an ulcer in left leg, diagnosed as cutaneous leishmaniasis and treated with sodium stibogluconate BP88 (Sb+5) (Shandong Xinhua) at a dose of 10mg/Sb+5/kg/day/20 days. After dose three he presented arthralgia, myalgia, nausea and weakness. During the therapy there was an aggravation of the symptoms with abdominal pain and irradiation into the thorax. After dose seven he presented a picture of associated dyspnea and thoracic pain of mild intensity. At dose nine there was further worsening of the picture, nevertheless the therapy was continued up to dose 11, when the patient's state deteriorated to such an extent that he was hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Exams: erythrocytes, 4.4 million; hemoglobin, 10.6%; hematocrits, 35%; white blood cells 26,400, basophiles and myelocytes (0); segmented leukocytes, 59%; lymphocytes 30%; monocytes 2%; platelets (normal); glucose, 42mg%; urea, 73mg%; creatinine, 2.4mg%; and ECG (blockade of right branch). The patient died from cardiorespiratory insufficiency. The current report underscores the need to clarify health workers regarding the use of Sb+5 and also to remind the Health Ministry to verify the quality and origin when acquiring new products

Óbito durante tratamento da leishmaniose tegumentar americana com stibogluconato de sódio bp 88® (shandong xinhua) Fatal case during treatment of american tegumentary leishmaniasis with sodium stibogluconate bp 88® (shandong xinhua)

Os autores relatam a ocorrência de óbito em paciente portador da forma cutânea da LTA no município de Caxias-MA. Trata-se de paciente do sexo masculino, 22 anos, gari, portador de lesão ulcerada no membro inferior (perna esquerda), diagnosticado, após encontro do parasita (Leishmania) na lesão, tratado com stibogluconato de sódio BP88® (Shandong Xinhua) na dose de 10mg/Sb+5/kg/dia/20 dias. Após a 3ª dose apresentou dores articulares, naúseas, mal estar geral. Com a continuação da medicação houve agravamento do quadro com dor epigástrica e no hipocôndrio direito irradiando-se para o hemitórax homolateral. Após a 7ª dose apresentou dispnéia associado à dor torácica de leve intensidade. Na 9ª dose houve piora do quadro, mesmo assim continuou a usar o medicamento até a 11ª dose quando seu estado agravou-se. Foi internado, necessitando de tratamento intensivo. Nos exames realizados apresentou: 4,4 milhões de eritócitos, 10,6% de hemoglobina, 35% de hematócrito, 26.400 de leucócitos, basófilos e mielócitos (0), 59% de segmentados, 30% de linfócitos, 2% de monócitos, plaquetas (normais), glicose 42mg%, uréia 73mg%, creatinina (2,4mg%), eletrocardiograma (bloqueio de ramo direito). Veio a falecer tendo como causa do óbito, insuficiência cárdio respiratória. O relato atual mostra a necessidade de esclarecimento das equipes de saúde quanto ao uso dos Sb+5 e também lembrar o Ministério da Saúde quando da aquisição de novos produtos, preocupar-se com a qualidade e procedência do mesmo.<br>The authors report the occurrence of a fatal case in patient with cutaneous leishmaniasis in the municipality of Caxias, MA. Male patient, 22 years old, road sweeper, presented with an ulcer in left leg, diagnosed as cutaneous leishmaniasis and treated with sodium stibogluconate BP88®(Sb+5) (Shandong Xinhua) at a dose of 10mg/Sb+5/kg/day/20 days. After dose three he presented arthralgia, myalgia, nausea and weakness. During the therapy there was an aggravation of the symptoms with abdominal pain and irradiation into the thorax. After dose seven he presented a picture of associated dyspnea and thoracic pain of mild intensity. At dose nine there was further worsening of the picture, nevertheless the therapy was continued up to dose 11, when the patient's state deteriorated to such an extent that he was hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Exams: erythrocytes, 4.4 million; hemoglobin, 10.6%; hematocrits, 35%; white blood cells 26,400, basophiles and myelocytes (0); segmented leukocytes, 59%; lymphocytes 30%; monocytes 2%; platelets (normal); glucose, 42mg%; urea, 73mg%; creatinine, 2.4mg%; and ECG (blockade of right branch). The patient died from cardiorespiratory insufficiency. The current report underscores the need to clarify health workers regarding the use of Sb+5 and also to remind the Health Ministry to verify the quality and origin when acquiring new products

Concentração iônica plasmática e biliar do "curimbatá" Prochilodus scrofa Steindachner (Osteichthyes, Characiformes) em relação aos estádios de repouso e maduro do ciclo reprodutivo Plasmatic and biliar ionic concentration of the freshwater teleost fish Prochilodus scrofa Steindachner (Osteichthyes, Characiformes), in relation of maturation cycle

<abstract language="eng">Body fluid ionic content of fishes varies with ambient. Variations in the plasmatic ionic concentration have also been related with sex or maturation cycle, once that reproduction modifies metabolic processes. In fishes, the gallbladder is an important osmoregulatory organ. So, the present work has been focused on the relation of plasmatic and biliar electrolytes with sex and maturation cycle, of the teleost fish Prochilodus scrofa at the resting and mature stages of gonadal cycle. The animals (28 males and 30 females) were collected at Cachoeira de Emas (Pirassununga, São Paulo) and they were fasted for three days before the experiments. Deteminations of Na+, K+, Mg++, and Ca++ were made by spectophotometry and Cl- by microtitulation. Comparisons of ionic content between sex and maturation cycle were assessed using analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls test. In this work it was seen that in males and females at resting and mature stages, there are no difference at ionic plasmatic content. K+ contents were higher in the bile of mature males than in resting ones. Mg++ biliar contents were higher in resting males than in resting and mature males. Na+, Ca++ e Cl- contents have no difference. Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++ contents were higher in the bile than in the plasma. Cl- content was higher in plasma than in bile. Variations related with proteic synthesis, and another metabolic processes during cycle, may be the reason of variations in the biliar ionic content

Analisando as pesquisas em educação especial no Brasil Analysing research in special education in Brazil

Nosso objetivo foi examinar a articulação lógica entre o problema e a proposição teórico-metodológica das produções na área da Educação Especial, focando os seus pressupostos epistemológicos. Nos fundamentamos nos pressupostos das tendências empírico-analítica, fenomenológica-hermenêutica, crítico-dialética e do paradigma da complexidade. O procedimento adotado foi interpretar todas as dissertações/teses produzidas nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação e Educação Especial do Brasil, que versam sobre Educação Especial, produzidas nos anos de 2001, 2002 e 2003, disponíveis no banco de teses da CAPES. Encontramos as tendências empírica, fenomenológica e dialética. Os equívocos encontrados foram a não inserção da pesquisa entre as produções na área; ausência de criticidade; não posicionamento numa determinada concepção de educação; construção teórica fundamentada em concepções diferentes; falta de coerência nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos; não explicitação metodológica; não descrição dos procedimentos éticos; e má elaboração dos resumos. Concluímos pela necessidade da melhoria das dissertações/teses para que possamos avançar na produção de conhecimento na área da Educação Especial.<br>Our objective was to analyze the logical articulation between the problem and the theoretical-methodological proposal of studies in the field of Special Education, focusing on the epistemological issues. We based our study on the empiric-analytical tendencies, phenomenology-hermeneutic, critical-dialectical and the complexity paradigm. The procedure that was adopted was interpreting all dissertations/thesis produced in Post-Graduate programs in Education and Special Education in Brazil, which focus on Special Education, produced in 2001, 2002 and 2003, available online at CAPES' thesis database. We found empirical, phenomenological and dialectic tendencies. The errors encountered included the failure to include the research among the productions in the field; lack of critical approach; lack of making explicit what educational conception the study was based on; theoretical construction based on different conceptions; lack of coherence in the theoretical-methodological proposals; lack of methodological specification; absence of ethical procedural descriptions; and poorly written abstracts. We came to the conclusion that improvements in theses /dissertations are necessary so as to continually move forward in the production of knowledge in the field of Special Education