Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2020

The 2020 Arkansas Soybean Research Studies includes research reports on topics pertaining to soybean across several disciplines from breeding to post-harvest processing. Research reports contained in this publication may represent preliminary or only data from a single year or limited results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations. Several research reports in this publication will appear in other University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station publications. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between disciplines and our effort to inform Arkansas soybean producers of the research being conducted with funds from the Soybean Check-off Program. This publication also contains research funded by industry, federal, and state agencies. Use of products and trade names in any of the research reports does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the products named and does not signify that these products are approved to the exclusion of comparable products. All authors are either current or former faculty, staff, or students of the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, or scientists with the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. Extended thanks are given to the staff at the state and County Extension offices, as well as the research centers and stations; producers and cooperators; and industry personnel who assisted with the planning and execution of the programs

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2022

Arkansas is the leading soybean-producing state in the mid-southern United States. Arkansas ranked 11th in soybean production in 2022 when compared to the other soybean-producing states in the U.S. The state represented 3.04% of the total U.S. soybean production and 3.64% of the total acres planted in soybean in 2022. The 2022 state soybean average yield was 52.0 bushels per acre, tying the previous state yield record of 52 bushels per acre set in 2021. The top five soybean-producing counties in 2022 were Mississippi, Crittenden, Phillips, Poinsett, and Arkansas (Table 1). These five counties accounted for over 35.7% of the soybean production in Arkansas in 2022. Weather events during the early portion of the 2022 growing season were wetter compared to those during 2021. Frequent rain events hampered preplant tillage and delayed planting for some portions of the state. Soybean planting during 2022 was delayed compared to the previous year and behind the 5-year average for planting progress until mid-March. Weather conditions improved by mid-March, and planting progress met and surpassed the 5-year average for planting progress for the remainder of the planting season. According to the 5 June 2022 USDA-NASS Arkansas Crop Progress and Condition Report (USDA-NASS, 2022), 86% of the soybean acreage had been planted as of the first of June compared to 85% and 79% for the 2021 and the 5-year average planting progress, respectively. With higher commodity prices, Arkansas soybean producers planted 3.18 million acres in 2022. This was an increase in acreage compared to 2021, and back to over 3 million acre planted for the last two years. The most significant event to occur in Arkansas during the 2022 growing season was the abnormally hot and dry conditions during June and July. Preface The 2022 Arkansas Soybean Research Studies includes research reports on topics pertaining to soybean across several disciplines from breeding to post-harvest processing. Research reports contained in this publication may represent preliminary or only data from a single year or limited results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations. Several research reports in this publication will appear in other University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station publications. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between disciplines and our effort to inform Arkansas soybean producers of the research being conducted with funds from the Soybean Check-off Program. This publication also contains research funded by industry, federal, and state agencies. Use of products and trade names in any of the research reports does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the products named and does not signify that these products are approved to the exclusion of comparable products. All authors are either current or former faculty, staff, or students of the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, or scientists with the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. Extended thanks are given to the staff at the state and County Extension offices, as well as the research centers and stations; producers and cooperators; and industry personnel who assisted with the planning and execution of the programs. Acknowledgments Most of the research results in this publication were made possible through funding provided by the soybean producers of Arkansas through checkoff monies and administered by the Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board. We express sincere appreciation to the soybean producers and the members of the Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board for their vital financial support of these programs. Overall, disease and insect issues were at typical levels in 2022. The exception was in the southern part of the state where Redbanded stinkbug were detected in fields earlier than in past few years and their numbers remained high throughout harvest. Most soybean-producing counties in Arkansas have some level of Palmer amaranth that has multiple herbicide resistance, and soybean production in these fields is becoming very difficult due to the loss of many herbicides. The 2022 growing season was the sixth year where the use of dicamba was labeled for over-the-top applications on dicamba-tolerant soybean. Even with restriction on applications, complaints were filed with the Arkansas State Plant Board for non-dicamba soybean fields showing dicamba symptomology

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2014

Arkansas is the leading soybean-producing state in the mid-southern United States. Arkansas ranked 10th in soybean production in 2015 when compared to the other soybean-producing states in the U.S. The state represents 4.0% of the total U.S. soybean production and 3.7% of the total acres planted to soybean in 2015. The 2015 state soybean average was 49 bushels per acres, 0.5 bushel per acres less than the state record soybean yield set in 2014 (Table 1). The top five soybean-producing counties in 2015 were Mississippi, Desha, Poinsett, Phillips, and Arkansas Counties. These five counties accounted for 35% of soybean production in Arkansas in 2015

Civil Patrols, Race, and Repression in Guatemala, 1982-1996

Between 1981 and 1996, the Guatemalan military maintained a paramilitary system of “civil patrols” throughout rural Guatemala. During the years of 1982-1983, the period of most intense state violence during the Guatemalan civil war, the military systematically committed massacres in hundreds of rural communities, at times committing acts of genocide against the Maya populations of the affected areas. Following this violence, the military forced nearly every rural community to form a civil patrol composed of the community’s adult men, in turn forcing each patrols’ members to augment military operations and personally fight leftist guerrillas. The creation of civil patrols in an atmosphere of intense state violence restructured the foundations of the relationship between state, rural and Maya societies within Guatemala, and largely contributed to the profound and continuous violations of the human rights of peasants and Mayas between 1981 and 1996. This thesis analyses these processes and phenomena, with a particular focus on the racial dynamics of repression and violence

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2015

Arkansas is the leading soybean-producing state in the mid-southern United States. Arkansas ranked 10th in soybean production in 2015 when compared to the other soybean-producing states in the U.S. The state represents 4.0% of the total U.S. soybean production and 3.7% of the total acres planted to soybean in 2015. The 2015 state soybean average was 49 bushels per acres, 0.5 bushel per acres less than the state record soybean yield set in 2014 (Table 1). The top five soybean-producing counties in 2015 were Mississippi, Desha, Poinsett, Phillips, and Arkansas Counties. These five counties accounted for 35% of soybean production in Arkansas in 2015

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2016

Arkansas is the leading soybean-producing state in the mid-southern United States. Arkansas ranked 11th in soybean production in 2016 when compared to the other soybean-producing states in the U.S. The state represents 3.4% of the total U.S. soybean production and 3.8% of the total acres planted to soybean in 2016. The 2016 state soybean average was 47 bushels per acre, 2.5 bushels per acre less than the state record soybean yield set in 2014. The top five soybean-producing counties in 2016 were Mississippi, Phillips, Poinsett, Crittenden, Arkansas Counties. These five counties accounted for 34.7% of soybean production in Arkansas in 2016

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2019

The 2019 Arkansas Soybean Research Studies includes research reports on topics pertaining to soybean across several disciplines, from breeding to post-harvest processing. Research reports contained in this publication may represent preliminary or only a data set from a single year or limited results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations. Several research reports in this publication will appear in other University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station publications. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between disciplines and our effort to inform Arkansas soybean producers of the research being conducted with funds from the Soybean Check-off Program. This publication also contains research funded by industry, federal, and state agencies. The use of products and trade names in any of the research reports does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the products named and does not signify that these products are approved to the exclusion of comparable products. All authors are either current or former faculty, staff, or students of the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, or scientists with the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Extended thanks are given to the staff at the state and county extension offices, as well as the research centers and stations; producers and cooperators; and industry personnel who assisted with the planning and execution of the programs

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2021

Arkansas is the leading soybean-producing state in the mid-southern United States. Arkansas ranked 11th in soybean production in 2021 compared to the other soybean-producing states in the U.S. The state represented 3.49% of the total U.S. soybean production and 3.49% of the total acres planted in soybean in 2021. The 2021 state soybean average yield was 52.0 bushels per acre, setting a new state record and surpassing the previous yield record of 51.5 bushels per acre set in 2020. The top five soybean-producing counties in 2021 were Mississippi, Phillips, Crittenden, Poinsett, and Arkansas (Table 1). These five counties accounted for over 35% of the soybean production in Arkansas in 2021. Weather events during the early portion of the 2021 growing season were much improved compared to those during 2020. However, frequent rain events hampered preplant tillage and delayed planting for some portions of the state. On 19 and 20 April 2021, a cold front moved across the state and set daily record low temperatures for several locations in the state. Soybean planting during 2021 was ahead of the previous year and the 5-year average for planting progress. According to the 6 June 2021 USDA-NASS Arkansas Crop Progress and Condition Report (USDA-NASS, 2021), 86% of the soybean acreage had been planted as of 1 June compared to 75% and 81% for the 2020 and the 5-year average planting progress, respectively. With improved weather conditions and higher commodity prices, Arkansas soybean producers planted 3.04 million acres in 2021. This was an increase in acreage compared to 2020 and back to over 3 million acres planted compared to the last two years. The most significant event in Arkansas during the 2021 growing season was several rounds of heavy rainfall in southeast Arkansas during June. In 48 hours on 8 and 9 June 2021, Rohwer in Desha County received 19.22 inches of rain. This rain event was the second-highest 48-hour total on record in Arkansas. Approximately 600,000 acres of cropland in the southeastern portion of the state were affected by the flooding, with an estimated 300,000 acres fully submerged from 1 to 2 weeks. Most of the soybean acreage in this portion of the state was in early reproduction. Due to the flooding, many fields were abandoned or replanted. Yields were significantly reduced due to replants occurring in late June and into July

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2022

Arkansas is the leading soybean-producing state in the mid-southern United States. Arkansas ranked 11th in soybean production in 2022 when compared to the other soybean-producing states in the U.S. The state represented 3.04% of the total U.S. soybean production and 3.64% of the total acres planted in soybean in 2022. The 2022 state soybean average yield was 52.0 bushels per acre, tying the previous state yield record of 52 bushels per acre set in 2021. The top five soybean-producing counties in 2022 were Mississippi, Crittenden, Phillips, Poinsett, and Arkansas (Table 1). These five counties accounted for over 35.7% of the soybean production in Arkansas in 2022. Weather events during the early portion of the 2022 growing season were wetter compared to those during 2021. Frequent rain events hampered preplant tillage and delayed planting for some portions of the state. Soybean planting during 2022 was delayed compared to the previous year and behind the 5-year average for planting progress until mid-March. Weather conditions improved by mid-March, and planting progress met and surpassed the 5-year average for planting progress for the remainder of the planting season. According to the 5 June 2022 USDA-NASS Arkansas Crop Progress and Condition Report (USDA-NASS, 2022), 86% of the soybean acreage had been planted as of the first of June compared to 85% and 79% for the 2021 and the 5-year average planting progress, respectively. With higher commodity prices, Arkansas soybean producers planted 3.18 million acres in 2022. This was an increase in acreage compared to 2021, and back to over 3 million acre planted for the last two years. The most significant event to occur in Arkansas during the 2022 growing season was the abnormally hot and dry conditions during June and July. Preface The 2022 Arkansas Soybean Research Studies includes research reports on topics pertaining to soybean across several disciplines from breeding to post-harvest processing. Research reports contained in this publication may represent preliminary or only data from a single year or limited results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations. Several research reports in this publication will appear in other University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station publications. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between disciplines and our effort to inform Arkansas soybean producers of the research being conducted with funds from the Soybean Check-off Program. This publication also contains research funded by industry, federal, and state agencies. Use of products and trade names in any of the research reports does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the products named and does not signify that these products are approved to the exclusion of comparable products. All authors are either current or former faculty, staff, or students of the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, or scientists with the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. Extended thanks are given to the staff at the state and County Extension offices, as well as the research centers and stations; producers and cooperators; and industry personnel who assisted with the planning and execution of the programs. Acknowledgments Most of the research results in this publication were made possible through funding provided by the soybean producers of Arkansas through checkoff monies and administered by the Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board. We express sincere appreciation to the soybean producers and the members of the Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board for their vital financial support of these programs. Overall, disease and insect issues were at typical levels in 2022. The exception was in the southern part of the state where Redbanded stinkbug were detected in fields earlier than in past few years and their numbers remained high throughout harvest. Most soybean-producing counties in Arkansas have some level of Palmer amaranth that has multiple herbicide resistance, and soybean production in these fields is becoming very difficult due to the loss of many herbicides. The 2022 growing season was the sixth year where the use of dicamba was labeled for over-the-top applications on dicamba-tolerant soybean. Even with restriction on applications, complaints were filed with the Arkansas State Plant Board for non-dicamba soybean fields showing dicamba symptomology