Evolución de los mecanismos de la ALALC desde la firma del tratado hasta 1967

Fil: Barbarán, Julio A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra de Política Económica Argentina. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Rosman, David Gregorio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra de Política Económica. Buenos Aires, Argentin

Factors affecting the role of human resource department in private healthcare sector in Pakistan: a case study of Rehman Medical Institute (RMI)

The role of Human Resource Management in healthcare sector and challenges it faces has always been an important area of research both in developed and developing countries. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of HR department in private healthcare sector in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan and to analyze the challenges/factors affecting the role of HR department. Being the largest private sector hospital in KPK the researchers have selected RMI as a case for this study. Data was collected through interviews from different levels of employees in RMI. Constant comparative method was used for analyzing the data. Results present that HR department plays the role of an administrative expert in RMI. The major internal factors include workload, top management interference, management style and organizational culture which negatively effect motivation, performance and morale of the employees. While small labour market, undue interference of government and other higher authorities and trade unions are the external factors that affect the role of HR department in RMI. All these external factors create difficulties for HR department to attract and retain the desired workforce

The effects of different volumes of dynamic stretching on 20-M repeated sprint ability performance

The purpose of this within-subjects counterbalanced design study is to elucidate the effects of different volumes of dynamic stretching on Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) performance. Thirteen male team sport athletes perfromed a repeated sprint ability test consisting of a maximal 6 x 20 meter sprint (with 30s active recovery between each sprint) following different volumes of dynamic stretching (DSS1, DSS2 and DSS3). The results showed no significant difference for all parameters between all the all dynamic stretching volumes. Results show that any of the dynamic stretching volumes may be used as a warm up prior to the repeated sprints session. However, DSS1 confers some advantage in terms of lesser times, though not statistically significant for BST, MST and TSTKeywords: fatigue; set; repetition; specific warm-up; recovery

Analisis Persediaan dan Optimalisasi Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Pembangkit Listrik di PT. Pembangkit Listrik X

Teori pengendalian persediaan merupakan teori yang digunakan dalam menentukan penyelesaian optimal dari persediaan barang-barang. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) untuk mengoptimalkan penggunaan bahan bakar pembangkit listrik di PT. Pembangkit Listrik X yang menggunakan bahan bakar solar dan Marine Fuel Oil (MFO). Sehingga diperoleh solusi yang optimal yaitu: EOQ untuk bahan bakar solar sebanyak 26.029.691 liter dengan siklus pemesanan 38 kali dalam 1 tahun dengan safety stock sebanyak 10.279.916 liter. Untuk bahan bakar Marine Fuel Oil (MFO), EOQ bahan bakar MFO sebanyak 7.648.989 liter dengan siklus pemesana 33 kali dalam 1 tahun dengan safety stock sebanyak 6.466.374 liter. Selain itu, Perusahaan juga dapat melakukan penghematan sebesar Rp. 934.197.490 selama tahun 2011. Sehingga model EOQ dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam pengendalian persediaan bahan bakar yang dilakukan PT. Pembangkit Listrik X

BODY IMAGE AND SEXUAL FUNCTIONING IN BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS

Background: For breast cancer survivors, sexual problems are one of the most common and distressing sequelae of cancer and its treatment. However, sexual problems are often undiagnosed and untreated. One potentially important, but understudied, risk factor for poor sexual adjustment after breast cancer is body image concern. For example, physical changes in appearance as a result of cancer treatment may alter how women perceive themselves and their bodies which may in turn increase risk for sexual problems. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate whether body image predicted sexual dysfunction and sexual dissatisfaction following breast cancer. In addition, mediation analyses evaluated body image as a mediator of the relationship between number of cancer-related changes in appearance and sexual dissatisfaction and sexual dysfunction. Mediation analyses also examined body image concerns during sexual activity as a mediator of the relationship between body image concerns and sexual dissatisfaction and dysfunction.   Methods: A sample of 219 U.S. breast cancer survivors was recruited via breast cancer websites, blogs, and social media websites to complete an online self-report survey about body image and sexual functioning after diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer.   Results: Participants' mean age was 47.3 years with an average time since diagnosis of 4.4 years. Women were predominantly European American, married, and diagnosed with Stage I or II breast cancer. On average, women in this sample experienced 6.1 (SD = 2.2) changes in their physical appearance due to cancer treatment, such as hair loss, breast disfigurement and changes to their skin. Sexual problems were common with 69% (n = 72) of sexually active survivors (n = 104) meeting criteria for sexual dysfunction. High levels of body image concerns were also reported. In regression analyses, medical treatment variables, general distress, and body image variables predicted sexual dissatisfaction, whereas only medical treatment variables and general distress predicted sexual dysfunction. Results from mediation analyses indicated that body image mediated the relationship between having a greater number of cancer-related changes in appearance and lower levels of post-treatment sexual dissatisfaction. Two of the body image variables also significantly mediated the relationship between experiencing a greater number of changes in appearance and post-treatment sexual dysfunction. Finally, higher levels of body image concern during sexual activity mediated the relationship between body image and sexual dysfunction as well as sexual dissatisfaction.  Conclusion: Overall, results suggest that body image concerns and sexual problems are prevalent and distressing for a majority of women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer. Many women also experience multiple changes in their physical appearance. In addition, body image concerns may be amplified in a sexual context due to the increased exposure of one's body during sexual activity. Implications for further research, routine assessment, and clinical management of these symptoms are discussed.  M.A

Comparison of Abdominopelvic CT Diagnoses at Academic Teaching Hospitals in Rwanda and the United States

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the disease processes encountered on abdominal and pelvic CT examinations at academic teaching hospitals in Rwanda and the United States and to highlight how these differences may impact a global radiology collaboration. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 130 patients (mean 59 +/-17 years, range 20-91, F:M 74:56) who underwent abdominal/pelvic CT examinations between April 1st-12th, 2019. CT examinations were prospectively encountered in clinical work at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali or University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK) in Kigali, Rwanda, where the radiology report impression, patient age, gender, study indication, CT protocol, and clinical diagnosis were recorded when available. Abdominal/pelvic CT examinations at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston, Massachusetts, United States were then retrospectively reviewed for the same information. Patient age and gender were compared using Student’s t-test and Chi-square statistic. Frequency of formal recommendations in radiology reports, available comparison of CT examinations, presence of known diagnoses, and intravenous and oral contrast media use were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Diagnostic categories were qualitatively compared. Results: A wide variety of pathology was encountered by abdominal/pelvic CT at both sites of imaging, with qualitative differences observed in cancer types, infectious agents, and how imaging guides care. Patients in Rwanda were older (p=0.0017), more likely to receive intravenous (p \u3c 0.05) and positive oral contrast (p \u3c 0.05) media and less likely to receive a formal recommendation in their radiology report (p \u3c 0.05). Patients in the United States were more likely to have an available prior abdominal/pelvic CT (p \u3c 0.05), to present for follow-up of a known diagnosis (p \u3c 0.05), and to receive a formal recommendation in their radiology report (p \u3c 0.05). Conclusion: Participation in global radiology collaborations is beneficial for radiologists by broadening exposure to pathologies and practice different from their own institution and region

Effects of adiponectin on markers of endothelial activation and markers of inflammation in human coronary artery endothelial cells

This study investigates the effect of adiponectin on endothelial activation and inflammatory marker secretion by human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCEAC) in vitro.Methodology: HCAEC at the seventh passage were divided into two groups and incubated or 24 hours at 37° C and 5% CO2 as follows: Control, and adiponectin-treated (30 μg/ml adiponectin) groups. Supernatants were analysed for ICAM-1, E-selectin, PAI-1 and IL-6 and COX-2 using ELISA. RT-PCR was used to analyse gene expression of ICAM-1, E-selectin, PAI-, IL-6, COX-2, NFkBp50 and NFkBp65. Data were analysed using independent t-test. Results: ICAM-1 and E-selectin level was significantly higher in leptin-adiponectin-treated groups (P<0.01). Endothelial activation marker protein level have no significant difference in adiponectin group when compared to control group.  mRNA expression showed significant increase in adiponectin group as compared to control. PAI-1 and COX-2 showed no significant increase in the level of protein in adiponectin group but IL-6 showed significant increased in the protein level (P<0.001) while mRNA expression of PAI-1 (P<0.05), COX-2 (P<0.01) and IL-6 (P<0.001) showed significant increase in treated group as compared to control. mRNA expression also showed significant increase in both the NFkBp50 and NFkBp65 signalling pathway.Conclusion: Adiponectin increases the secretion of IL-6 from HCEAC. This adipokinesmight have a significant role in the inflammatory and pro-atherogenic state of obesity.Keywords: HCAEC, Adiponectin, ICAM-1, E-selectin, IL-6, PAI-1, COX-2, NFkB

Porcine Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Endocarditis with Ring Abscess and Aortic Stenosis

Porcine bioprosthetic valve endocarditis is an infrequent but serious complication of valve replacement surgery. Ring (or annular) abscess is a frequent finding in mechanical valve endocarditis. In contrast, porcine valve endocarditis most often involves the cusps, and annular infection is uncommon. Porcine valvular dysfunction secondary to endocarditis usually takes the form of incompetence, whereas stenosis is less frequent. We report a case of a 76-year-old female who developed endocarditis wilh Staphylococcus epidermidis nine months after placement of a Carpenter-Edwards porcine aortic valve. Her initial presentation included complete heart block and moderate aortic stenosis. Transesophageal echocardiography aided the diagnosis by demonstrating large vegetations, while transthoracic echocardiography showed only slight thickening of the valve leaflets. At operation, there was a circumferential abscess around the sewing ring causing valve dehiscence and virtual discontinuity of the aorta from the left ventricle. Valve degeneration and organisms within the cusps were observed on microscopy. This case illustrates two infrequent complications of porcine aortic valve endocarditis, namely massive annular abscess with invasion of the conducting system and aortic stenosis. It also demonstrates the utility and limitations of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of this disorder

Studi Simulasi Optimasi Parameter Proses Implantasi ION Nitrogen Multi Energi ke Dalam Permukaan SS 316L Menggunakan Program SRIM

Nitrogen ion implantation at 50 keV of energy on the surface of SS 316 stainless steel, by calculation will only be able to reach a depth of 561 Å and the ions will be distributed Gaussian effectively at a depth of 561 Å ± 339 Å, so that from the surface to a depth of 222 Å is not filled by ions (empty) which of course will affect the properties of the implanted surface. The solution to the problem is to implant the target several times at <50 keV of energy. To minimize the un-filled volume, the study of simulation and calculation has been conducted. In this study a simulation using TRIM program to know how many times the target should be implanted at different energies and also the calculation of the amount of nitrogen ions that should be implanted, so that the distribution of nitrogen ions can be evenly distributed from the surface to 561 Å. From the results of simulations and calculations the results show that the target must be implanted at least 6 times implantation at energy 50 keV,40 keV, 30 keV, 20 keV and 10 keV. Under these conditions the dose that must be implanted are 7,4×1017ion/cm2, 6,44×1017ion/cm2, 4,6×1017 ion/cm2, 3×1017 ion/cm2 and 1,6×1017 ion/cm2. The total doses and amount of nitrogen filling the implanted volume are 7,32%.

Design of a Low Voltage Class AB Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA)

A variable gain amplifier (VGA) is one of the most significant component in many applications such as analog to digital converter (ADC). In communication receiver, VGA is typically employed in a feedback loop to realize an automatic gain control (AGC), to provide constant signal power to baseband analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for unpredictable received signal strengths. Gain range, power consumption and bandwidth of ADC are strongly influenced by the performance of operational amplifier. VGA is the key element for amplifying process in ADC. However, current class AB VGA is experiencing the limit of bandwidth, which is not suitable for high speed automatic gain control AGC. In order to overcome these limitations a high linearity and wide bandwidth of VGA is indispensable. The aim of this research is to get higher gain and larger bandwidth for VGA. In this research, a low cost, low power voltage and wide bandwidth class AB VGA is designed to mitigate this constraint. Superiority of the proposed VGA has been confirmed by circuit simulation using CEDEC 0.18-μm CMOS process with the help of tools from Mentor Graphics in designing a 100-MHz VGA under 1V supply voltage draining total static power consumption less than 125uW. The results show that the circuit is able to work with high linearity and wide bandwidth by varying Rf and Rs. Therefore, the frequency response (Gain) and the wide bandwidth of this class AB VGA is better than previously reported class AB VGA. Consequently, this modified class AB VGA is appropriate for high speed applications