Analysing of 3D MIMO Communication Beamforming in Linear and Planar Arrays

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are expected to play a crucial role in the 5G wireless communication systems. These advanced systems, which are being deployed since 2021, offer significant advantages over conventional communications generations. Unlike previous versions of communication, MIMO systems can transmit various probing signals through their antennas, which may or may not be correlated with each other. This waveform diversity provided by MIMO communication enables enhanced capabilities and improved performance. Numerous research papers have proposed different approaches for beamforming in MIMO communication. We anticipate that our research will provide valuable insights into the performance of different beamforming techniques for MIMO communication systems with planar arrays. We will investigate the 3D beam patterns generated by these constellations using the covariance-based MIMO communication waveform method. MATLAB simulations will be utilized to analyze and evaluate the performance of these methods

A 6 Year-old female Presenting with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections

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Advantages of Machine Learning in Bus Transport Analysis

Supervised Machine Learning is an innovative method that aims to mimic human learning by using past experiences. In this study, we utilize supervised machine learning algorithms to analyze the factors that contribute to the punctuality of Tehran BRT bus system. We gather publicly available datasets of 2020 to 2022 from Municipality of Tehran to train and test our models. By employing various algorithms and leveraging Python's Sci Kit Learn and Stats Models libraries, we construct accurate models capable of predicting whether a bus route will meet the prescribed standards for on-time performance on any given day. Furthermore, we delve deeper into the decision-making process of each algorithm to determine the most influential factor it considers. This investigation allows us to uncover the key feature that significantly impacts the effectiveness of bus routes, providing valuable insights for improving their performance

Beampattern Design in Non-Uniform MIMO Communication

In recent years and with introduction of 5G cellular network and communication, researchers have shown great interest in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communication, an advanced technology. Many studies have examined the problem of designing the beampattern for MIMO communication using uniform arrays and the covariance-based method to concentrate the transmitted power to the users. However, this paper aims to tackle this issue in the context of non-uniform arrays. Previous authors have primarily focused on designing the transmitted beampattern based on the cross-correlation matrix of transmitted signal elements. In contrast, this paper suggests optimizing the positions of transmitted antennas along with the cross-correlation matrix. This approach is expected to produce better results

Predicting post-electrical injury autonomic dysfunction symptom occurrence by a simple test

Background: Sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathy has been reported after electrical injury. Besides subclinical involvement of the sympathetic nervous system during the 1st year post injury, late clinical manifestations of this involvement have been reported sporadically. This study was designed to investigate how the clinical and electrodiagnostic manifestations of sympathetic involvement would change with time in electricity victims. Methods and materials: Sixty electrically burnt patients were followed for 22 months with sympathetic skin response (SSR) and autonomic system derangement symptom surveillance. Results: Thirty-one patients reported autonomic derangement symptoms during the 2nd year post injury. SSR latency prolongation showed direct negative correlation with time; but SSR amplitude was decreased in all cases irrespective of the time laps. Symptomatic patients showed significantly lower SSR amplitudes compared to asymptomatic ones. This was true for the pre-symptom SSR test results too. Conclusion: SSR amplitude can be used as a predictive test for the symptoms of autonomic derangement to occur post electrical injury. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd and ISBI

Rare Phallus Malformations in Children

Introduction: Penile agenesis (PA) and diphallus (DP) are extremely rare genital anomaly in children. Numerous associated anomalies have been described with these malformations. These patients need several investigations and finally surgical intervention.Material & Methods: In a retrospective study, 14 patients who were treated for phallus malformation in Mofid Children’s Hospital from January 2004 to December 2013 were studied. Detailed history was taken and para clinical examinations were performed in each patient and diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory tests, abdominal ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), and karyotype study. Data regarding age, sex, clinical findings, associated anomalies and treatment were collected.Results: From 14 patients, eight cases had PA (aged 2 to 4320days), and six had DP (aged 2 to 5040 days).Karyotype in all PA’s patients was 46XY. Five of DP cases had completed, and one had bifid phallus type. All patients were treated surgically after complete investigations, and followed within period of study.Conclusion: All patients with phallus anomalies need extensive evaluations and surgical intervention. No surgical intervention should take place without counseling the parents

Outcome of tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty: A single-center experience with 307 cases

Introduction: In order to assess our skill in the tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty technique in children with hypospadias.Material andMethods: Of 307 children (mean age 38 month) who received a TIP urethroplasty, all had primary hypospadias. Patients who were referred with complication were eliminated from our study. The hypospadias defects were subcoronal in 25 (8%), distal penile in 236 (76%), midpenile in 25 (8%), proximal in 14(4%) and unknown in 7(2%) cases. Chordee was present in 53 (17.2%) patients. Presence of complications requiring reoperation and overall general appearance was recorded.Results: The mean follow-up was 36 (19-72) months. Overall success rate was 70 % (215). Re-operation was required in 92 patients (30%): for urethrocutaneous fistula in 79 (26%), complete disruption of the repair in 2(0.6%) cases and meatal stenosis requiring meatoplasty in 12 (3%). Complete glans dehiscence occurred in 3 patients, which was repaired using the MAGPI technique. Partial breakdown of the glans occurred in 10 cases which did not require further surgery. One case had a huge urethral diverticulum.Conclusions: This technique is relatively common compared to other accessible operations, but attention to details is necessary in order to achieve good results. It appears that complications, such as fistulas and meatal stenosis are more common in this method than other techniques, which require more research in the future

Experimental studies on flow and noise generated from single and twin supersonic underexpanded jets

Optical and acoustical data were obtained for a wide range of jet pressure ratios. Small rectangular tabs placed at the exit plane of a single, and three twin chocked tube models reduced screech tone amplitude to below sonic fatigue level

The effect of oxalate-based desensitizers on the microleakage and shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer

Background: The first line of intervention to alleviate tooth sensitivity is to use dentin desensitizers such as oxalate-based desensitizers. When the dentin sensitivity continues even after application of desensitizers the next intervention would be restoration of the lesion. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of prior application of oxalate-based desensitizer on the marginal microleakage and shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) restorations. Material and Methods: In order to prepare the specimens for microleakage test standard class v cavities were prepared on buccal surfaces of 45 teeth. The specimens were randomly divided into three equal groups. In control group, the cavities were restored with RMGI. In group 2, oxalate-based desensitizer was applied and the specimens were kept in distilled water for 14 days before restoration. In group 3 the specimens were prepared similar to group 2 and the surface of the cavities were slightly cut with bur before restoration. Methyleneblue penetration was evaluated using stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using non-parametric tests. For shear bond strength test cervical dentin specimens were prepared and were divided into 3 groups. Surface treatments were similar to microleakage test. RMGI was packed into cylindrical plastic molds which were placed on the cut surface of the tooth and light cured. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: There was not any significant difference in dye penetration in dentin margins among the groups, but microleakage in enamel margins of group 2 and 3 was higher than group 1. There was no significant difference in shear bond strength among the groups ( p =0.285). Conclusions: Non carious cervical lesions which were treated for hypersensitivity with oxalate-based desensitizers could be restored with resin modified glass ionomer if the hypersensitivity persists

Inclusion of height and limb length when interpreting sympathetic skin response

It is more than a decade since scientists are making use of sympathetic skin response (SSR) as a clinical and research method to evaluate sympathetic nervous system. A major portion of the efferent pathway of this response is composed of non-myelinated nerves. Thus, the latency of the response may be significantly different in normal individuals with different height and limb lengths. This study was designed to investigate the effect of these parameters on the SSR results. We measured the height and limb length of 65 normal individuals with different heights (divided into 3 groups of height ≤150 cm, 150-170 cm, and ≥170 cm). The participants had neither peripheral nor central neuropathy. They also had none of the exclusion criteria. Then, they underwent SSR testing of both palms and soles. The correlation between the height and limb length in relation to SSR parameters (latency and amplitude) was analyzed statistically by Pearson’s correlation. No significant correlation was detected between the height and limb length and the SSR amplitude. However, the results showed significant correlation between SSR latency recorded from all four sites (both palms and soles) and the height of participants. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between SSR latency recorded from any limb and the length of that limb. Regarding the significant effect of the height and limb length on the SSR latency, both the height and limb length should be considered when interpreting the results of SSR