Efektivitas Fluoroquinolon Terhadap Isolat Bakteri Saluran Pencernaan Ular Sanca Batik (Python reticulatus)

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang efektivitas antibiotika golongan fluoroquinolon (flumequin dan enrofloksasin) terhadap Salmonella dan E. coli yang diisolasi dari saluran pencernaan ular sanca batik (Python reticulatus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas fluoroquinolon terhadap infeksi saluran pencernaan pada ular dan reptil pada umumnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan 8 ekor sanca batik dewasa yang menderita gangguan pencernaan dengan lesi klinis berupa mouthrot. Sampel ulas kloaka dan mulut serta sampel darah diambil dari semua ular, untuk selanjutnya dilakukan uji mikrobiologis berupa isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri melalui media Brilliant Green Agar (BGA), Mc Conkay Agar (MCA), Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) dan media biakan murni. Isolat murni yang didapatkan adalah Salmonella spp. dan E. coli dan selanjutnya dilakukan uji sensitivitas bakteri terhadap flumequin dan enrofloksasin serta penentuan Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) untuk enrofloksasin. Hasilnya adalah kedua antibiotika efektif terhadap Salmonella dan intermediet terhadap E. coli. Nilai MIC enrofloksasin terhadap Salmonella adalah 2,5 μg/ml

POTENSI ANESTETIKA KET-A-XYL® PADA KUCING JANTAN DOMESTIK DI YOGYAKARTA INDONESIA

Ket-A-Xyl® (Ket-A-Xyl® 20 ml, AgroVet, Peru) merupakan sediaan anastetika jadi yang telah banyak dipasarkan di Indonesia untuk induksi anastesi pada anjing. Studi ini menguji penggunaan obat Ket-A-Xyl® untuk kastrasi pada kucing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Ket-A-Xyl® terhadap parameter fisiologis kucing jantan domestik. Sebanyak 53 ekor kucing jantan domestik dengan berat badan berkisar 1,5 – 5,68 kg dipuasakan selama 8 jam kemudian ditimbang untuk menentukan dosis anestesi. Kucing diinjeksikan sediaan Ket-A-Xyl® secara intramuskular, kemudian diamati dan dicatat perubahan fisiologisnya. Demikian juga untuk onset dan durasi obat dicatat saat kucing memasuki stadium anestesi I hingga tahap recovery. Analisis data parameter fisiologis dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS dengan uji paired sample t-test. Kelompok yang dibandingkan dalam uji paired sample t-test tersebut adalah kelompok data fisiologis kucing pada tahap stadium III dengan tahap recovery. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa sediaan Ket-A-Xyl® menimbulkan efek yang signifikan terhadap frekuensi napas (p<0,05), tetapi tidak pada suhu dan frekuensi pulsus. Rata-rata onset dan durasi obat Ket-A-Xyl® menunjukkan waktu yang lebih singkat dibanding studi sebelumnya yang menggunakan obat atropin-ketamin-xylazin. Sediaan anastesi Ket-A-Xyl®  berpotensi  sebagai  obat anestetika yang baik  pada  kucing  domestik  karena  lebih  efisien,  onset dan durasi singkat, serta tidak menimbulkan respon fisiologis yang fatal selama penggunaannya

KEPEKAAN BAKTERI Salmonella sp. YANG DIISOLASI DARI KASUS STOMATITIS PADA ULAR SANCA BATIK (Broghammerus reticulatus) TERHADAP BEBERAPA ANTIBIOTIK

Stomatitis or oral cavity inflammation has been found regularly in reptiles, mostly in snakes and lizards. Stomatitis can be caused by many factor

�Efektivitas Desinfektan Benzalkonium klorida-glutaraldehida terhadap Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli\"

In poultry industry, the use of disinfectants is an important component of biosecurity as an effort to control disease, such as collibacillosis that is caused by Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli which is the most common disease in poultry. The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of disinfectants benzalkonium chloride-glutaraldehyde in suppressing the growth of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Benzalkonium chloride-glutaraldehyde has been contacted with the bacteria for 15 minutes then planted it on the nutrient agar media. The result showed that, disinfectant containing active ingredients benzalkonium chloride and glutaraldehyde with minimum composition of 130 ppm benzalkonium chloride and 35 ppm glutaraldehyde was effective in suppressing the growth of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Profil Farmakokinetik Amikasin Pemberian Intravena Melalui Vena Sublingualis dan Coccygea pada Ular Sanca Batik (PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE OF AMIKACIN ADMINISTERED INTRA VENOUSLY VIA SUBLINGUAL AND COCCYGEA VEINS IN BROGHAMMERUS RETICULATUS)

The research was conducted to find out the pharmacokinetic profile of amikacin in sanca batik snake(Broghammerus reticulatus) which is expected to be beneficial in the therapy management of reptiliaes.The eight of adult snakes with averages body weight of 2-14 kg were used and they were devided into twogroups (n=4). Amikacin (5 mg/kg bw) was given by sublingualis (anterior) or coccygea (posterior) venous ingroups, respectively. Blood samples were collected by intracardiac puncture to all snakes at minutes 1,5,10, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, 1440 (24 hours) and 2880 (48 hours) post administrations. Bloods werecollected using heparinized tubes and sentrifuged at 2500 G to obtain the plasma. The Plasma sampleswere stored at -200c. Plasma were firstly extracted with trichloroacetid acid solution 10% and then injectedinto High Performace Liquid Chromatography Shimadzu 6.1. The results of amikacin levels werestatistically lower on sublingualis vein administration as compared to that of coccygea vein administrationusing Student T-Test (P&lt;0.05). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with non compartementalmethod resulted for anterior application : Vd 3.6 L, clearance 0.066 mL/minute/kg, AUC 75.384 ug/mL.minute and for posterior application : Vd 0.78 L, T1/2 213.09 hours, clearance 0.427 mL/minute/kg,AUC 117.143,7 ug/mL/minute

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri dari Tinja Orangutan Penderita Gangguan Gastrointestinal (BACTERIAL ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION IN FAECES OF ORANGUTAN WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISTURBANCE)

Orangutans are among protected animals by the law. One of orangutans’ main health problems isgastrointestinal disease due to bacterial infection. Microbiological data of causative agent of illness inorangutan still not much reported scientifically. This research aim was to identify causative agent ofbacterial infection on gastrointestinal disorder in orangutan isolated from stool samples. The sampleswere collected from Yayasan Konservasi Alam Yogyakarta and Borneo Orangutan Survival, Semboja,Kalimantan Timur. Fresh fecal samples were collected using sterile swab and put them into a steriletransport media. To achieve pure cultures, bacterial isolation was performed by using plate streaking onselective media. Gram stain was done to confirm the cell uniformity and morphology. Bacterialidentification was performed according to Bergey’s Manual Determinative Bacteriology on some biochemicalcharacters to determine the isolated bacteria. The result showed that three bacteria were identified fromstool samples orangutan from Yayasan Konservasi Alam Yogyakarta, i.e.: Citrobacter amalonaticus,Providensia rustigianii, and Proteus mirabilis. Meanwhile, three bacteria, which were Klebsiella planticola,Enterobanter agglomerans and Escherichia coli, were also identified in samples taken from Borneo orangutan

The Effect of Colistin Administration as Medicated Feed on Alanine Aminotransferase and Creatinine Level in Broiler Infected with

Colistin is a decapeptide antibiotic with narrow spectrum activity, mainly used as treatment for Gram negative bacteria. This study aims to scientifically determine the effect of colistin administration as medicated feed on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine level in broiler infected with Escherichia coli. KTOP group as positive control, KTON group as negative control, while I, II, and III groups were infected with Escherichia coli 1 x 108 CFU/ml 0.1 ml via intratracheal route. Group I, II, and III were given colistin treatment dosage of 0.3 g/kg food, 0.6 g/kg food, and 1.2 g/kg food. Blood samples were taken through brachial veins for ALT and creatinine examination with a Caretium NB-201 semi-auto chemistry analyzer. Data were examined statistically using IBM SPSS Statistics 24 software and graphically using Microsoft Excel 365. Conclusion of the research by statistical analysis with Kruskal-Wallis test obtained ALT test results P = 0.147 and creatinine test results P = 0.815. Based on the results of this study, the administration of colistin medicated feed did not cause a significant effect on ALT and creatinine level in broiler infected with Escherichia coli, indicating that colistin has low potential toxicity while given as medicated feed

Identification of antinutritional, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of plants that cause livestock poisoning in Bojonegoro Regency, Indonesia

Background and Aim: The utilization of cassava leaves and peels, ceara rubber leaves, sweet potato leaves, Chinese Albizia leaves, and lophatheri leaves from Bojonegoro Regency has led to the poisoning of livestock due to antinutritional factors. Nevertheless, the plants are known to have bioactive components and potential antioxidant and antibacterial activity if appropriately processed. This study aimed to determine the antinutritional compounds as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of these plants responsible for livestock poisoning in the Bojonegoro Regency. Materials and Methods: Extraction was performed by the maceration method using 70% (v/v) ethanol solvent. The samples were analyzed qualitatively to determine the presence of tannins, alkaloids, oxalates, cardiac glycosides, and cyanogenic glycosides. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, while the antimicrobial activity was assessed by different testing concentrations (125, 250, and 500 mg/mL) against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Results: The ethanolic extract of the plants was found to contain antinutritional tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and cyanogenic glycosides suspected of causing livestock poisoning. Despite the presence of these antinutrients, all extracts also had antioxidant and antibacterial potential. Cassava peels and sweet potato leaves had the highest antioxidant activity, whereas Chinese Albizia leaves had the most potent antibacterial activity. Conclusion: Cassava leaves and peels, ceara rubber leaves, sweet potato leaves, Chinese Albizia leaves, and lophatheri leaves obtained from Bojonegoro Regency and used as agricultural waste contain antinutritional factors but also possess potentially effective antioxidant and antimicrobial components