8 research outputs found
Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and yield components in guinea sorghums
Relatively low yields of guinea sorghums have been a major obstacle for
sustained progress in yield improvement of the race in West Africa. In
an attempt to determine why guinea sorghums of West Africa display low
yield potential, seven converted guinea, four zerazera, and two
caudatum sorghums were crossed to three improved A-lines. Parents and
hybrids were evaluated for heterosis, general and specific combining at
Halfway and College Station, Texas during 1989 and 1990. In general,
non-guineas were better combiners than guineas for grain yield and most
of yield components. Both additive and nonadditive effects for grain
yield were observed among guinea parents. The additive effects of
non-guineas for grain yield were higher than those of guinea parents.
Guineas showed low additive effects for grain yield, number of seeds
per panicle, and seed size. Guinea sorghums seem to maintain a relative
low grain yield by reducing the number of seeds per particle and the
seed size. Most hybrids of guineas showed positive heterosis over the
best parent for grain yield. This is an indication that guineas do
possess some genes or factors contributing to high yield expression.Les rendements relativement faibles des sorghos guineas ont ete un
obstacle majeur pour un progres durable de l'amelioration du rendement
de la race en Afrique de l'Ouest. Dans l'intention de determiner
pourquoi les sorghos guineas de l'Afrique de l'Ouest ont un potentiel
de rendement faible, sept sorghos guineas convertis, quatre zerazera et
trois caudatum ont ete croises a trois lignees A ameliorees. Les
parents et les hybrides ont ete evalues pour l'heterosis, l'aptitude
generale et specifique a la combinaison a Halfway et College Station,
Texas en 1989 et 1990. En general, les sorghos non-guineas se sont
mieux combines que les sorghos guineas pour le rendement grain et la
plupart des composantes de rendement. Les effects additifs et
non-additifs pour le rendement grain ont ete observes chez les parents
guineas. Les effects additifs des sorghos non-guineas etaient plus
eleves que ceux des parents guineas pour le rendement grain. Les
parents guineas ont montre des effects additifs pour le rendement
grain, le nombre de grains par panicule et la grosseur des graines. Les
sorghos guineas semblent maintenir un rendement grain relativement
faible en diminuant le nombre de graines par panicule et la grosseur
des graines. La plupart des hybrides de parents guineas ont montre des
effects positifs d'heterosis pour le rendement de grain compares a leur
meilleur parent. Ce resultat est une indication que les sorghos guineas
possedent quelques genes ou facteurs contribuant a l'expression de
rendement eleve
Factors affecting the polyphenols of sorghum and their development and location in the sorghum kernel
Meeting: Institute of Food Technologists, Annual Meeting, 36th, 10-13 June 1979, St. Louis, Mo., USIn IDL-274
The potential of local cultivars in sorghum improvement in Mali
Over 1300 accessions of sorghum were collected in several regions of
Mali. Cultivars were evaluated for photoperiod sensitivity, maturity,
genetic traits, yield, agronomic desirability, and food quality. Three
major races of sorghum exist in the country: guinea, durra and
caudatum. The race guinea represents about 70% of the germplasm in the
country and is divided into 2 important groups: Keninke (54%) and Kende
(16%). Durra sorghums are the second most important race and represents
17% of Malian sorghums. Different sources of resistance to different
abiotic and biotic constraints have been identified. Series of
decortication trials were performed to test the effect of kernel
texture and shape on yields of decorticated grain. Milling yields of
local guineas were consistently above 70%, while experimentals varied
from 35% to 68%. Photoperiod sensitive sorghums tend to decrease their
seed number by 34 to 58% per panicle for 15 to 30 days of delay in
planting. White-seeded, tan-plant guinea-type breeding lines have been
developed from the direct cross of guinea with Zerazera, Malisor 84-7
and Sureno. Progenies showed a loose panicle and a large number of
seeds per panicle. N'tenimissa, a new tan plant straw glume colour
progeny, possesses excellent guinea traits and yield potential and
could be useful in processing. Significant information on key
characteristics of guineas has been used successfully in breeding to
develop new cultivars with improved agronomic and food processing
properties.Plus de 1300 accessions de sorgho ont ete collectes dans plusieurs
regions du Mali. Les cultivars ont ete evalues pour la sensibilite a la
photoperiode, le cycle, les caracteristiques genetiques, le rendement
grain, les caraceristiques agronomiques et organoleptiques. Trois
dominantes races de sorgho existent dans le pays: guinea, durra et
caudatum. La race guinea represente 70% du germplasme Malien et est
dividee en 2 groupes: Keninke (54%) et Kende (16%). Les sorghos durra
constituent la seconde importante race et representent 17% des sorghos
du Mali. Des sources de resistance aux differentes contraintes
biotiques et abiotiques ont ete identifiees. Des tests de decortication
ont ete realises pour apprecier l'effect de la texture et la forme de
grain sur le rendement grain au decorticage. Les rendements au
decorticage des sorghos guinea etaient superieurs a 70% et ceux des
varietes experimentales varient entre 35% et 68%. Les sorghos sensibles
a la photoperiode tendent de reduire leur nombre de grains par panicule
de l'ordre de 34%a 58% suite a un retard de semis de 15 a 30 jours. Des
lignees a plante-tan et a grain blanc ont ete developpees a partir des
croisements de guinea avec Zerazera, Malisor 84-7 et Sureno. Les
descendances ont un grand nombre de grains par panicule et une forme
paniculaire leche. N'tenimissa, une nouvelle plante tan, a glume
paille, possede des traits guinea et un rendement eleve. Des
informations importantes sur des caracteristiques majeures des guineas
ont ete utilisees en selection avec succes pour le developpement de
nouveaux cultivars avec des proprietes agronomiques et de moulage
ameliorees
Genetic control and heritability of resistance to grain mold in F2:5 sorghum families with non-pigmented testa
Grain mold limits the productivity of food-type Sorghum bicolor by reducing grain yield and quality. The disease is caused by a complex of fungi including Curvularia lunata, Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp. Phoma sp., and Helminthosporium sp. The presence of many fungal species and environmental factors make breeding and selecting for tolerance difficult. It is the goal of many sorghum breeding programs to improve this trait. However, further information on the heritability of the trait is needed..