Dehydration Reduces Posterior Leg and Trunk Flexibility and Increases Stiffness in Male Collegiate Age Runners

Dehydration reduces flexibility and increases stiffness in male collegiate age runners. Dehydration has been shown to negatively affect collagen in vitro; however the literature lacks works exploring the in vivo effects of dehydration on collagenous tissue. This study addresses this gap in the literature, by exploring the effects of dehydration on the muscles and connective tissues of the posterior leg. It was hypothesized that when dehydrated, the collagen within these tissues would become stiffer, decreasing flexibility and increasing stiffness. A cross-over cohort design was conducted to evaluate nineteen male collegiate runners. Each subject attended three sessions: baseline, dehydration and euhydration. The order of testing was randomly assigned and the PI was blinded throughout. Mean sit and reach (MSnR), mean terminal straight leg raise (MTSLR) and mean posterior leg stiffness (MPLS) scores for each testing condition were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA. Dehydrated, subjects demonstrated statistically significant decreases in MSnR scores, p\u3c0.001, d=0.469 (MSnR dehydrated 26.83 ± 7.53 cm and MSnR euhydrated 30.36 ± 7.53 cm) and MTSLR, p\u3c0.001, d=1.068 (MTSLR dehydrated 51.38 ± 9.39 and MTSLR euhydrated 60.58 ± 7.74), with a concurrent increase in MPLS, p=0.005, d=1.023 (MPLS dehydrated 0.899 ± 0.357 and MPLS euhydrated 0.508 ± 0.409), as compared to when they were euhydrated. The large effect size for MPLS and MTSLR and moderate for MSnR indicates that when dehydrated subjects became stiffer and has less flexibility as compared to when they are euhydrated. These changes may impede performance and increase the risk of injury in dehydrated individuals

The effect of submaximal exercise on recovery hemodynamics and thermoregulation in men and women

Etude lors d'un exercice sousmaximal de 35 minutes suivi de 90 minutes de récupération passive dans deux environnements climatiques :contrôle (22 degrés et 33% HR) et chaud (32 degrés) et humide

The effect of submaximal exercise on recovery hemodynamics and thermoregulation in men and women

Etude lors d'un exercice sousmaximal de 35 minutes suivi de 90 minutes de récupération passive dans deux environnements climatiques :contrôle (22 degrés et 33% HR) et chaud (32 degrés) et humide

Antepartum dalteparin versus no antepartum dalteparin for the prevention of pregnancy complications in pregnant women with thrombophilia (TIPPS): a multinational open-label randomised trial

International audienceBACKGROUND: Thrombophilias are common disorders that increase the risk of pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism and pregnancy loss and can also increase the risk of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (severe pre-eclampsia, small-for-gestational-age infants, and placental abruption). We postulated that antepartum dalteparin would reduce these complications in pregnant women with thrombophilia. METHODS: In this open-label randomised trial undertaken in 36 tertiary care centres in five countries, we enrolled consenting pregnant women with thrombophilia at increased risk of venous thromboembolism or with previous placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. Eligible participants were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either antepartum prophylactic dose dalteparin (5000 international units once daily up to 20 weeks' gestation, and twice daily thereafter until at least 37 weeks' gestation) or to no antepartum dalteparin (control group). Randomisation was done by a web-based randomisation system, and was stratified by country and gestational age at randomisation day with a permuted block design (block sizes 4 and 8). At randomisation, site pharmacists (or delegates) received a randomisation number and treatment allocation (by fax and/or e-mail) from the central web randomisation system and then dispensed study drug to the local coordinator. Patients and study personnel were not masked to treatment assignment, but the outcome adjudicators were masked. The primary composite outcome was independently adjudicated severe or early-onset pre-eclampsia, small-for-gestational-age infant (birthweight <10th percentile), pregnancy loss, or venous thromboembolism. We did intention-to-treat and on-treatment analyses. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00967382, and with Current Controlled Trials, number ISRCTN87441504. FINDINGS: Between Feb 28, 2000, and Sept 14, 2012, 292 women consented to participate and were randomly assigned to the two groups. Three women were excluded after randomisation because of ineligibility (two in the antepartum dalteparin group and one in the control group), leaving 146 women assigned to antepartum dalteparin and 143 assigned to no antepartum dalteparin. Some patients crossed over to the other group during treatment, and therefore for on-treatment and safety analysis there were 143 patients in the dalteparin group and 141 in the no dalteparin group. Dalteparin did not reduce the incidence of the primary composite outcome in both intention-to-treat analysis (dalteparin 25/146 [17.1%; 95% CI 11.4-24.2%] vs no dalteparin 27/143 [18.9%; 95% CI 12.8-26.3%]; risk difference -1.8% [95% CI -10.6% to 7.1%)) and on-treatment analysis (dalteparin 28/143 [19.6%] vs no dalteparin 24/141 [17.0%]; risk difference +2.6% [95% CI -6.4 to 11.6%]). In safety analysis, the occurrence of major bleeding did not differ between the two groups. However, minor bleeding was more common in the dalteparin group (28/143 [19.6%]) than in the no dalteparin group (13/141 [9.2%]; risk difference 10.4%, 95% CI 2.3-18.4; p=0.01). INTERPRETATION: Antepartum prophylactic dalteparin does not reduce the occurrence of venous thromboembolism, pregnancy loss, or placenta-mediated pregnancy complications in pregnant women with thrombophilia at high risk of these complications and is associated with an increased risk of minor bleeding. FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and Pharmacia and UpJohn