Oil and the Eastern Front: US Foreign and Military Policy in Iran, 1941-1945

Naomi R. Rosenblatt, College \u2709, History Oil and the Eastern Front: US Foreign and Military Policy in Iran, 1941-1945 During World War II, the United States established a military presence in Iran that marked a dramatic change in U.S. involvement in the Middle East. Unlike earlier centuries when Americans traveled to the Middle East primarily as missionaries, merchants, and pilgrims, during WWII, the U.S. government began to establish deep political and economic ties to the region. How did U.S. foreign policy towards Iran develop within the context of a global war? What sort of tensions developed between the State Department\u27s long-term diplomatic goals and the War Department\u27s urgent short-term military aims? Through my research, I hope to illuminate how the United States balanced its own competing interests in Iran: that of ensuring a speedy victory at minimal human and financial cost, while all the while keeping in mind that its military efforts could very well disrupt its long-term diplomatic interests

Live imaging of apoptosis in a novel transgenic mouse highlights its role in neural tube closure

Imaging of caspase activation in living mouse embryos during development suggests that caspase-mediated cell removal facilitates neural tube closure in a temporally regulated manner

Prospective investigation of risk factors for prostate cancer in the UK Biobank cohort study

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in British men but its aetiology is not well understood. We aimed to identify risk factors for prostate cancer in British males.We studied 219 335 men from the UK Biobank study who were free from cancer at baseline. Exposure data were collected at recruitment. Prostate cancer risk by the different exposures was estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.In all, 4575 incident cases of prostate cancer occurred during 5.6 years of follow-up. Prostate cancer risk was positively associated with the following: black ethnicity (hazard ratio black vs white=2.61, 95% confidence interval=2.10-3.24); having ever had a prostate-specific antigen test (1.31, 1.23-1.40); being diagnosed with an enlarged prostate (1.54, 1.38-1.71); and having a family history of prostate cancer (1.94, 1.77-2.13). Conversely, Asian ethnicity (Asian vs white hazard ratio=0.62, 0.47-0.83), excess adiposity (body mass index (⩾35 vs <25 kg m-2=0.75, 0.64-0.88) and body fat (⩾30.1 vs <20.5%=0.81, 0.73-0.89)), cigarette smoking (current vs never smokers=0.85, 0.77-0.95), having diabetes (0.70, 0.62-0.80), and never having had children (0.89, 0.81-0.97) or sexual intercourse (0.53, 0.33-0.84) were related to a lower risk.In this new large British prospective study, we identified associations with already-established, putative and possible novel risk factors for being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Future research will examine associations by tumour characteristics

Dynamical and Physical Properties of 65803 Didymos, the Proposed AIDA Mission Target

International audienceBinary near-Earth asteroid (NEA) 65803 Didymos is the proposed Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA) mission target, combining an orbiter [1] and a kinetic impactor for a planned encounter in fall 2022 [2]. The Dynamical and Physical Properties of Didymos Working Group supports this mission by addressing questions related to understanding the dynamical state of the system and inferring physical properties. Didymos is an Apollo-class NEA that likely reached its current orbit by exiting the inner main belt near or within the nu-6 resonance (> 82% chance) [3]. Remote observations [4] show Didymos is spectroscopically most consistent with ordinary chondrites. The diameters of the binary components are measured to be about 780 and 160 m [5]. A model of the short-term binary dynamics suggests possible librations of the secondary with up to ~10-deg amplitude, depending on its axial ratio. However, an equilibrium orbital and rotational solution is consistent with a libration amplitude of only ~1 deg. The primary, with an estimated 2.1 g/cc bulk density (uncertainty 30%) has a possibly super-critical rotation period of 2.26 h that may imply a cohesive strength of several tens of Pa. At this rate, perturbed regolith material may go through take-off/landing cycles and cause loss of fines due to solar radiation pressure. Based on a continuum analysis [6], the internal structure would likely fail before the equatorial region. A discrete analysis [7,8] shows that a minimum of 2.5 g/cc bulk density is needed for the structure to hold without cohesion. The system may be subject to weak thermal radiation forces (BYORP) with a period drift of no greater than 1 s/yr [9]. Experiments using the ISAE-SUPAERO drop tower [10] are underway to model the possible deployment of a lander on the secondary. References: [1] Michel et al. 2016, ASR 57, 2529; [2] Cheng et al. 2016, P&SS 127, 27; [3] Granvik et al. 2015, DPS 47, 214.07; [4] Dunn et al. 2013, LPSC 44, 1719; [5] Osip et al. 2016, this meeting; [6] Hirabayashi & Scheeres 2015, IAU 29, 2256185; [7] Barnouin et al. 2015, DPS 47, 402.09; [8] Zhang et al. 2016, this meeting; [9] McMahon et al. 2016, LPSC 47, 1903; [10] Sunday et al. 2016, Rev. Sci. Instr., accepted

Dynamical and Physical Properties of 65803 Didymos, the Proposed AIDA Mission Target

International audienceBinary near-Earth asteroid (NEA) 65803 Didymos is the proposed Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA) mission target, combining an orbiter [1] and a kinetic impactor for a planned encounter in fall 2022 [2]. The Dynamical and Physical Properties of Didymos Working Group supports this mission by addressing questions related to understanding the dynamical state of the system and inferring physical properties. Didymos is an Apollo-class NEA that likely reached its current orbit by exiting the inner main belt near or within the nu-6 resonance (> 82% chance) [3]. Remote observations [4] show Didymos is spectroscopically most consistent with ordinary chondrites. The diameters of the binary components are measured to be about 780 and 160 m [5]. A model of the short-term binary dynamics suggests possible librations of the secondary with up to ~10-deg amplitude, depending on its axial ratio. However, an equilibrium orbital and rotational solution is consistent with a libration amplitude of only ~1 deg. The primary, with an estimated 2.1 g/cc bulk density (uncertainty 30%) has a possibly super-critical rotation period of 2.26 h that may imply a cohesive strength of several tens of Pa. At this rate, perturbed regolith material may go through take-off/landing cycles and cause loss of fines due to solar radiation pressure. Based on a continuum analysis [6], the internal structure would likely fail before the equatorial region. A discrete analysis [7,8] shows that a minimum of 2.5 g/cc bulk density is needed for the structure to hold without cohesion. The system may be subject to weak thermal radiation forces (BYORP) with a period drift of no greater than 1 s/yr [9]. Experiments using the ISAE-SUPAERO drop tower [10] are underway to model the possible deployment of a lander on the secondary. References: [1] Michel et al. 2016, ASR 57, 2529; [2] Cheng et al. 2016, P&SS 127, 27; [3] Granvik et al. 2015, DPS 47, 214.07; [4] Dunn et al. 2013, LPSC 44, 1719; [5] Osip et al. 2016, this meeting; [6] Hirabayashi & Scheeres 2015, IAU 29, 2256185; [7] Barnouin et al. 2015, DPS 47, 402.09; [8] Zhang et al. 2016, this meeting; [9] McMahon et al. 2016, LPSC 47, 1903; [10] Sunday et al. 2016, Rev. Sci. Instr., accepted

Dynamical and Physical Properties of 65803 Didymos, the Proposed AIDA Mission Target

International audienceBinary near-Earth asteroid (NEA) 65803 Didymos is the proposed Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA) mission target, combining an orbiter [1] and a kinetic impactor for a planned encounter in fall 2022 [2]. The Dynamical and Physical Properties of Didymos Working Group supports this mission by addressing questions related to understanding the dynamical state of the system and inferring physical properties. Didymos is an Apollo-class NEA that likely reached its current orbit by exiting the inner main belt near or within the nu-6 resonance (> 82% chance) [3]. Remote observations [4] show Didymos is spectroscopically most consistent with ordinary chondrites. The diameters of the binary components are measured to be about 780 and 160 m [5]. A model of the short-term binary dynamics suggests possible librations of the secondary with up to ~10-deg amplitude, depending on its axial ratio. However, an equilibrium orbital and rotational solution is consistent with a libration amplitude of only ~1 deg. The primary, with an estimated 2.1 g/cc bulk density (uncertainty 30%) has a possibly super-critical rotation period of 2.26 h that may imply a cohesive strength of several tens of Pa. At this rate, perturbed regolith material may go through take-off/landing cycles and cause loss of fines due to solar radiation pressure. Based on a continuum analysis [6], the internal structure would likely fail before the equatorial region. A discrete analysis [7,8] shows that a minimum of 2.5 g/cc bulk density is needed for the structure to hold without cohesion. The system may be subject to weak thermal radiation forces (BYORP) with a period drift of no greater than 1 s/yr [9]. Experiments using the ISAE-SUPAERO drop tower [10] are underway to model the possible deployment of a lander on the secondary. References: [1] Michel et al. 2016, ASR 57, 2529; [2] Cheng et al. 2016, P&SS 127, 27; [3] Granvik et al. 2015, DPS 47, 214.07; [4] Dunn et al. 2013, LPSC 44, 1719; [5] Osip et al. 2016, this meeting; [6] Hirabayashi & Scheeres 2015, IAU 29, 2256185; [7] Barnouin et al. 2015, DPS 47, 402.09; [8] Zhang et al. 2016, this meeting; [9] McMahon et al. 2016, LPSC 47, 1903; [10] Sunday et al. 2016, Rev. Sci. Instr., accepted

(Mis)communicating across boundaries - Interpersonal and intergroup considerations

The metaphor of boundary is ubiquitous and has guided much research on interpersonal and intergroup communication This article explores the metaphor by reviewing the literature on boundaries with a focus on miscommunication and problematic talk. In particular, the tensions around privacy and self-disclosure, and rules about family communication are good examples of communication and miscommunication across interpersonal boundaries. In the intergroup arena, the negotiation of boundaries implicates the sociostructural relations between, groups and the choices individuals make based on the identities that are salient to them in a given context. We argue that miscommunication can best be conceived of as an indicator of tension in negotiating boundaries as they emerge and change in interaction