Unsteady slender rivulet-flow down an inclined porous plane

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, in ful lment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science. May 27, 2015.Abstract The unsteady three-dimensional ow of a thin slender rivulet of incompressible Newtonian uid down an inclined porous plane is investigated. The leak-o velocity is not speci ed in the model but is determined in the process of deriving the invariant solution. A second order nonlinear partial di erential equation in two spatial variables and time and containing the leak-o velocity is derived for the height of the thin slender rivulet. Using Lie group analysis it is found that the partial di erential equation can be reduced in two steps to an ordinary di erential equation provided the leak-o velocity satis es a rst order linear partial di erential equation in three variables. An exact analytical solution with a dry patch in the central region is derived for a special leak-o velocity. Two models are considered, one with the leak-o velocity proportional to the height of the rivulet and the other with leak-o velocity proportional to the cube of the height. Numerical solutions are obtained for the height of the rivulet using a shooting method which also determines the two-dimensional boundary of the rivulet on the inclined plane. The e ect of uid leak-o on the height and width of the rivulet is investigated numerically and compared in the two models. The conservation laws for the partial di erential equation with no uid leak-o are investigated. Two conserved vectors are derived, the elementary conserved vector and a new conserved vector. The Lie point symmetry of the partial di erential equation associated with each conserved vector is obtained. Each associated Lie point symmetry is used to perform a double reduction of the partial di erential equation, but the solutions obtained are not physically signi cant

Digital Curation Education at the Universities of Ibadan and Liverpool

This article presents the findings of the Ibadan/Liverpool Digital Curation Curriculum Review Project, a research project conducted to formally benchmark the teaching of digital curation in the archival education programmes at the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom and the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. It provides background to the history and establishment of both universities and the development of their archives curricula. A matrix was developed using the DigCurV Curriculum Framework to assess whether digital curation skills and knowledge outlined in the framework are being taught, practised and tested in the Master’s programmes. These skills and knowledge were assessed according to the four domains outlined in DigCurV: Knowledge and Intellectual Abilities (KIA), Personal Qualities (PQ), Professional Conduct (PC), and Management and Quality Assurance (MQA), to levels appropriate to practitioners and managers. The exercise identified skill and knowledge areas where teaching materials could be shared between the universities, and areas where new materials are needed

Influence of ohmic heating in the composition of extracts from Gracilaria vermiculophylla

Electric field-based technologies for extraction processes have been gaining importance due to sustainability concerns. This work aims to assess the potential of ohmic heating as an efficient and feasible tool for the extraction of different biocompounds from Gracilaria vermiculophylla and its effect on the extracts' composition. Different ratios of water/ethanol (0 to 75% ethanol, v/v) were used to target different families of biocompounds. The ohmic heating-based extraction was performed at 82 °C under electric field and frequency of 28 V/cm and 25 kHz, respectively. Conventional extractions without the presence of electric field were made keeping a temperature profile identical to the ohmic heating treatments, thus addressing the potential occurrence of electrical (non-thermal) effects. Extraction yields and extracts composition (content in polysaccharides, proteins, phenolic compounds and pigments) were evaluated. Further, as agar is the major commertially exploited compound from Gracilaria spp., the effect of ohmic heating on the extracted agar in terms of yield, carbohydrates' composition, monosaccharides profile, and gelling ability was also envisaged. Overall, significant differences in the extraction of each family of compounds between ohmic and conventional extractions were observed, being more pronounced at the best solvent for each compound (100% water for carbohydrates, 75:25 water/ethanol for proteins, 75:25 and 50:50 water/ethanol for phenolic compounds and 25:75 water/ethanol for pigments). Higher extraction yields were achieved for ohmic heating at 1 h, except for 100% water, probably indicating accelerated extraction kinetics promoted by the presence of electric field effects. Furthermore, the gelling ability of agar and the antioxidant activity were not impaired by the use of moderate electric fields. Therefore, ohmic heating is an interesting alternative, with reduced energy consumption and improved extraction performances, to recover functional ingredients or additives from seaweeds for the food industry.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of project OH2O – PTDC/EQU/029145/2017 and the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2019 unit, and by the European Fund for Regional Development (FEDER) and COMPETE 2020 – Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program under the scope the projects OH2O (POCI-01-0145-FEDER 029145) and VALORMAR – Full valorization of marine resources: po tential, technological innovation and new applications (call 10/SI/2016; reference: 24517). This work was also developed within the scope of the stratigic funding of CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020), QOPNA (UID/QUI/00062/2019) and LAQV-REQUIMTE (UIDB/50006/2020), financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC and when appropriate co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. This work was also funded by national funds (OE), through FCT, I.P., within the scope of the frame work contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Reasons, capacities and the motivational requirement.

This thesis analyses theories of practical reason. In particular I compare desire theories of reasons with value theories of reasons. Desire theories of reasons, as I define them, claim that it is a necessary condition of A having a reason to ф that A’s reason depend on A’s antecedent desires. In contrast, I define value theories of reasons as those theories that claim that it is a necessary condition of A having a reason to ф that A’s ф-ing be valuable. In this thesis my main concern lies with those value theorists who accept the motivational requirement: the claim that if an agent is to have a reason to ф, then it must be possible for the agent to ф on the basis of this reason. In particular, I concentrate on those value theorists who claim that A has a reason to ф iff a) A’s ф-ing is valuable; b) it is possible for A to ф on the basis of this reason. I reject desire theories of reasons on the basis of several criticisms. I claim that our desires are normatively arbitrary, and that according to desire theories of reasons, some of our desires ought to be eradicated. I argue instead for a value theory of reasons that adopts a particular interpretation of the motivational requirement. I distinguish three different interpretations of the motivational requirement, each offering a connection between reasons and motivations that differs in strength. The first, strongest requirement claims that in order for A to have a normative reason to ф, it must be possible for A to ф on the basis of this reason given certain qualities that A possesses (where I take the sense of ‘possible’ relevant to these interpretations to be one that reflects an agent’s capacities). The second and weakest requirement claims that in order for A to have a normative reason to ф, it must be possible for A to ф on the basis of this reason if A possessed certain qualities. The last and moderate requirement claims that in order for A to have a normative reason to ф, it must be possible for A to ф on the basis of this reason if A possessed certain qualities and A either has these qualities, or it is possible for her to get herself into a state where she has them. I argue for a value theory of reasons that employs this last, moderate motivational requirement. I argue that a value theory that adopts the moderate motivational requirement is best, as it allows the theory to be practically useful; reasons on this account have a role in deterrence, encouragement and praise- and blame-worthiness. The theory also aligns with a plausible account of eligible candidates for reasons. While the employment of the moderate motivational requirement in a value theory of reasons likens the theory, in some respects, to a desire theory, it avoids the objections raised against desire theories of reasons. In this way, a value theory of reasons that employs the moderate motivational requirement combines the attractive features of a desire theory and a value theory. Specifically, it generates reasons that are both dependent on an individual’s qualities, and also aligned with an account of value.Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 200

Pure time preference

Pure time preference is a preference for something to come at one point in time rather than another merely because of when it occurs in time. In opposition to Sidgwick, Ramsey, Rawls, and Parfit we argue that it is not always irrational to be guided by pure time preferences. We argue that even if the mere difference of location in time is not a rational ground for a preference, time may nevertheless be a normatively neutral ground for a preference, and this makes it plausible to claim that the preference is rationally permitted