2,277 research outputs found
Investigating Trajectories of Social Recovery in Individuals with First Episode Psychosis:A Latent Class Growth Analysis
Background Social disability is a hallmark of severe mental illness yet individual differences and factors predicting outcome are largely unknown. Aim To explore trajectories and predictors of social recovery following a first episode of psychosis (FEP). Method A sample of 764 individuals with FEP were assessed on entry into early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services and followed up over 12 months. Social recovery profiles were examined using latent class growth analysis. Results Three types of social recovery profile were identified: Low Stable (66%), Moderate-Increasing (27%), and High-Decreasing (7%). Poor social recovery was predicted by male gender, ethnic minority status, younger age at onset of psychosis, increased negative symptoms, and poor premorbid adjustment. Conclusions Social disability is prevalent in FEP, although distinct recovery profiles are evident. Where social disability is present on entry into EIP services it can remain stable, highlighting a need for targeted intervention. Declaration of interest Non
Variation in acceptability of neologistic English pronouns
This acceptability-judgment survey of English neopronouns, including xe, fae, ey, and ze, shows that while neopronouns are not fully ungrammatical for most English speakers, they are rated as less grammatical than canonical third-person singular pronouns like she, he, and they. We found that several social variables correlated with ratings of neopronouns in sentences, including age, gender, and sexual orientation. The neopronouns that bear orthographic resemblance to canonical pronouns were rated highest, and metalinguistic comments from participants identified that analogy was an important factor in whether they found neopronouns grammatical
Water Window Ptychographic Imaging with Characterized Coherent X-rays
We report on a ptychographical coherent diffractive imaging experiment in the
water window with focused soft X-rays at . An X-ray beam with
high degree of coherence was selected for ptychography at the P04 beamline of
the PETRA III synchrotron radiation source. We measured the beam coherence with
the newly developed non-redundant array method. A pinhole
in size selected the coherent part of the beam and was used for ptychographic
measurements of a lithographically manufactured test sample and fossil diatom.
The achieved resolution was for the test sample and only
limited by the size of the detector. The diatom was imaged at a resolution
better than .Comment: 22 pages. 7 figure
babble: Learning Better Abstractions with E-Graphs and Anti-Unification
Library learning compresses a given corpus of programs by extracting common
structure from the corpus into reusable library functions. Prior work on
library learning suffers from two limitations that prevent it from scaling to
larger, more complex inputs. First, it explores too many candidate library
functions that are not useful for compression. Second, it is not robust to
syntactic variation in the input.
We propose library learning modulo theory (LLMT), a new library learning
algorithm that additionally takes as input an equational theory for a given
problem domain. LLMT uses e-graphs and equality saturation to compactly
represent the space of programs equivalent modulo the theory, and uses a novel
e-graph anti-unification technique to find common patterns in the corpus more
directly and efficiently.
We implemented LLMT in a tool named BABBLE. Our evaluation shows that BABBLE
achieves better compression orders of magnitude faster than the state of the
art. We also provide a qualitative evaluation showing that BABBLE learns
reusable functions on inputs previously out of reach for library learning.Comment: POPL 202
Balancing the Picture: Debiasing Vision-Language Datasets with Synthetic Contrast Sets
Vision-language models are growing in popularity and public visibility to
generate, edit, and caption images at scale; but their outputs can perpetuate
and amplify societal biases learned during pre-training on uncurated image-text
pairs from the internet. Although debiasing methods have been proposed, we
argue that these measurements of model bias lack validity due to dataset bias.
We demonstrate there are spurious correlations in COCO Captions, the most
commonly used dataset for evaluating bias, between background context and the
gender of people in-situ. This is problematic because commonly-used bias
metrics (such as Bias@K) rely on per-gender base rates. To address this issue,
we propose a novel dataset debiasing pipeline to augment the COCO dataset with
synthetic, gender-balanced contrast sets, where only the gender of the subject
is edited and the background is fixed. However, existing image editing methods
have limitations and sometimes produce low-quality images; so, we introduce a
method to automatically filter the generated images based on their similarity
to real images. Using our balanced synthetic contrast sets, we benchmark bias
in multiple CLIP-based models, demonstrating how metrics are skewed by
imbalance in the original COCO images. Our results indicate that the proposed
approach improves the validity of the evaluation, ultimately contributing to
more realistic understanding of bias in vision-language models.Comment: Github: https://github.com/oxai/debias-gensynt
A pilot study of hair and cytokine balance alteration in healthy young women under major exam stress
Mouse models show that experimental stress mimicking prolonged life-stress
exposure enhances neurogenic inflammation, induces adaptive immunity cytokine-
imbalance characterized by a shift to Type 1 T-helper cell cytokines and
increases apoptosis of epithelial cells. This affects hair growth in otherwise
healthy animals. In this study, we investigate whether a prolonged
naturalistic life-stress exposure affects cytokine balance and hair parameters
in healthy humans. 33 (18 exam, 15 comparison) female medical students with
comparable sociobiological status were analyzed during a stressful final
examination period, at three points in time (T) 12 weeks apart. T1 was before
start of the learning period, T2 between the three-day written exam and an
oral examination, and T3 after a 12 week rest and recovery from the stress of
the examination period. Assessments included: self-reported distress and
coping strategies (Perceived Stress Questionnaire [PSQ], Trier Inventory for
the Assessment of Chronic Stress [TICS]), COPE), cytokines in supernatants of
stimulated peripheral blood mononucleocytes (PBMCs), and trichogram (hair
cycle and pigmentation analysis). Comparison between students participating in
the final medical exam at T2 and non-exam students, revealed significantly
higher stress perception in exam students. Time-wise comparison revealed that
stress level, TH1/TH2 cytokine balance and hair parameters changed
significantly from T1 to T2 in the exam group, but not the control. However,
no group differences were found for cytokine balance or hair parameters at T2.
The study concludes that in humans, naturalistic stress, as perceived during
participation in a major medical exam, has the potential to shift the immune
response to TH1 and transiently hamper hair growth, but these changes stay
within a physiological range. Findings are instructive for patients suffering
from hair loss in times of high stress. Replication in larger and more diverse
sample populations is required, to assess suitability of trichogram analysis
as biological outcome for stress studies
The Suitability Index of Mangrove Tourism in the Coastal Area around Budo Village, Wori Sub-District, North Minahasa Regency for Marine Ecotourism
The purpose of this study was to analyze the tourism suitability index and the carrying capacity of the mangrove ecotourism area in Budo Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency. The research method used was a cruising survey method using line transects and visual method which were carried out on three transects to obtain mangrove bio-ecological parameter values, namely thickness, species, density, biota objects associated with mangroves, and sea tides. The results showed that the mangrove thickness values on transects 1-3 were 157 m, 138 m, and 135 m respectively, with an average value of 143.3 m; a number of mangrove species, namely 6 species (Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Sonneratia alba, Avicennia marina, and Nypa fruticans); mangrove density values on transects 1-3, respectively 10.2 ind/100 m2, 11.8 ind/100 m2 and 6.2 ind/100 m2, with an average value of 9.4 ind/100 m2; mangrove association biota objects in transects 1-3, including fishes, shrimps, crabs, mollusks, birds and reptiles; and the average tidal value is as high as 2 m. The average value of the tourism suitability index was 54.6% with the conditionally appropriate category on all transects; and the carrying capacity of the mangrove tourism area was 116 people/day, with an operational time of 14 hours/day. Further research requires a sustainability analysis to produce efficient and effective programs for the development of mangrove ecotourism in Budo Village.
Keywords: Area carrying capacity, Budo Village, Ecotourism, Tourism suitability index, Mangrove
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis indeks kesesuaian wisata dan daya dukung kawasan ekowisata mangrove Desa Budo, Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei jelajah dengan menggunakan line transect dan metode visual pada tiga transek untuk memperoleh nilai-nilai parameter bio-ekologi mangrove, yaitu ketebalan, jenis, kerapatan jenis, objek biota asosiasi mangrove, dan pasang surut air laut. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai ketebalan mangrove pada transek 1-3, masing-masing adalah 157 m, 138 m, dan 135 m, dengan nilai rata-ratanya 143,3 m; jumlah jenis mangrove 6 spesies (Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Sonneratia alba, Avicennia marina dan Nypa fruticans); nilai kerapatan mangrove pada transek 1-3, masing-masing adalah 10,2 ind/100 m2, 11,8 ind/100 m2 dan 6,2 ind/100 m2, dengan nilai rata-ratanya 9,4 ind/100 m2; objek biota asosiasi mangrove pada transek 1-3 meliputi ikan, udang, kepiting, moluska, burung, dan reptil; dan nilai rata-rata pasang surut air laut setinggi 2 m; nilai rata-rata Indeks kesesuaian wisata sebesar 54,6 % dengan kategori “sesuai bersyarat” pada semua transek; dan daya dukung kawasan wisata mangrove Desa Budo adalah 116 orang/hari dengan waktu operasional 14 jam/hari. Penelitian selanjutnya diperlukan analisis keberlanjutan untuk menghasilkan program-program yang efisien dan efektif dalam rangka pengembangan ekowisata mangrove Desa Budo.
Kata kunci: Daya dukung kawasan, Desa Budo, Ekowisata, Indeks kesesuaian wisata, Mangrov
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