The Current Population of the Plains Tortoise, Gopherus flavomarginatus Legler, 1959 (Reptilia: Testudinidae) in the Mapimi Biosphere Reserve, Durango, Mexico

La tortuga llanera o tortuga del Bolsón es la especie emblema de la Reserva de la Biosfera Mapimí. La IUCN la considera especie en peligro crítico, la CITES como amenazada y la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 la cataloga en peligro de extinción. Este estudio tiene el objetivo de describir las causas antropogénicas y naturales sobre el declive demográfico de esta especie. El enfoque utilizado fue cualitativo con los niveles de profundidad exploratorio y descriptivo a fin de destacar el estatus de especie endémica, amenazada, el hábitat y aspectos generales bióticos; así como los distintos factores antropogénicos y naturales que afectan la población. Los hallazgos muestran que los factores históricos como la cacería, comercio ilegal, fragmentación y pérdida del hábitat, competencia de la ganadería por el forraje, depredadores naturales, baja variabilidad genética, sequía y desbalance hídrico han sido determinantes sobre el decremento poblacional. La condición actual de la tortuga llanera se encuentra confinada en seis regiones de los estados de Coahuila, Durango y Chihuahua. La población total se compone de tan solo 2 000 individuos al interior de la Reserva y 500 fuera de ella. Ante esta crítica situación, distintas organizaciones internacionales e instituciones gubernamentales han llevado a cabo la creación de sitios protegidos, a fin de evitar la pérdida total de la especie y mantener sus funciones en el ecosistema.The plains tortoise or Bolson tortoise is the emblematic species of the Mapimi Biosphere Reserve. The IUCN considers it a critically endangered species, the CITES as a threatened species, and according to NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 it is classified as an endangered species. This study aims to describe the anthropogenic and natural causes of the demographic decline of this species. The approach used was qualitative with exploratory and descriptive depth levels in order to highlight the status of endemic and threatened species, the habitat and general biotic aspects; as well as the different anthropogenic and natural factors that affect the population. The findings show that the historical factors such as hunting, illegal trade, habitat fragmentation and loss, livestock competition for forage, natural predators, low genetic variability, drought and water imbalance have been determining factors in the population decline. The current condition of the plains turtle is confined to six home ranges in the states of Coahuila, Durango and Chihuahua. The total population is made up of only 2,000 individuals inside the Reserve and 500 outside it. Faced with this critical situation, different international organizations and government institutions have carried out the creation of protected sites, in order to avoid the total loss of the species and maintain its functions in the ecosystem

Variation of the phenolic composition and a-glucosidase inhibition potential of seeds, soaked seeds, and sprouts of four wild forms and four varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

The determination of the changes in the composition of bioactive phenolic compounds of germinating seeds which accumulate high levels of these compounds could contribute to the understanding of the germination mechanism and the development of markers for the selection of plant genotypes. In the current study, the changes in the phenolic composition and a-glucosidase inhibition activity, taking place during the germination of four wild forms and four varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Durango Mexico, were determined. A total of 66 phenolic compounds (19 phenolic acids, 18 isoflavones, 18 flavonol glycosides, 3 flavonol aglycones, 3 flavones, 2 dihydroflavonoids, 2 chalcones and one non-identified type) were found by HPLC-DAD, which were differentially accumulated by the seeds, 24 h-soaked seeds, and 4 day-sprouts of each genotype. The accumulation of the flavonol aglycones, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol was distinctive of the wild seeds. Soaking not only caused leaching and degradation but also triggered the synthesis of new phenolic compounds whereas germination diversified the composition of isoflavones and flavonol glycosides. The seeds of all genotypes analyzed were important inhibitors of a-glucosidase, improving their potential after soaking and germination. The results suggested that the structure rather than the concentration of the flavonoids and phenolic acids determined the inhibitory potential of a-glucosidase of samples. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed HPLC-DAD phenolic profiles as genotype-specific chemomarkers at any of the states (seeds, soaked seeds, and sprouts). The results have wide implications on agronomy and food quality

ALGUNAS CONSIDERACIONES DEL MEZCAL EN EL MUNICIPIO DE NOMBRE DE DIOS, DURANGO, MÉXICO.

Artículo de Investigació

EL CULTIVO DE HONGOS COMESTIBLES PARA EL DESARROLLO COMUNITARIO

Artículo de Investigació

El MEZCAL DE DURANGO, MÉXICO

El presente estudio se enfoco en realizar un análisis histórico de la producción de mezcal en Durango, México y sus implicaciones para mantenerlo como una bebida de amplia aceptación acorde con la normatividad de las bebidas espirituosas. Se destacan los esfuerzos por parte del gobierno estatal para impulsar la certificación del mezcal y con ello dar la oportunidad de contar con mejores opciones de venta en los mercados nacional e internacional