Oral self-injuries: clinical findings in a series of 19 patients

Objectives: Self-injury (SI) is defined as a behavioral disturbance consisting of a deliberate harm to one’s own body without suicidal intent, it is not uncommon and ranges in severity from simple nail-biting to more extreme forms of self-mutilation. The head neck region may be the target of such lesions. SI is associated with several medical conditions, of which it can represent the first clinical sign. Aim of this paper is to describe a series of oral SI, giving special emphasis to the clinical findings, etiology and the management of lesions. Material and Methods: A total of 19 patients with oral SI were prospectively examined; attention was paid to the occurrence and characterization of oral lesions. The management of the lesion also varied depending on the patient medical history, on the etiology of the psychiatric behavior, and on the severity, frequency, and method of inflicting injury. Periodic examinations were performed (after two weeks, three months and six months) and registered. Results: All the patients healed gradually and healing was conditioned by the disease underlying. The treatment consisted of behavior modification in 11 cases, pharmacological treatment in 11 cases, psychotherapy in 2 cases, mouth guard in 9 cases, surgery in 2 cases, extractions in 1 case. Conclusions: Oral SI are uncommon in the clinical practice. They may be associated with a known disease or may be the consequence of this, but often they may be the first sign of a psychiatric disorder

Juvenile/Adolescent Idiopatic Scoliosis and Rapid Palatal Expansion. A Pilot Study.

The question of whether orthodontic therapy by means of rapid palatal expansion (RPE) affects the spine during development is important in clinical practice. RPE is an expansive, fixed therapy conducted with heavy forces to separate the midpalatal suture at a rate of 0.2-0.5 mm/day. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of RPE on the curves of the spine of juvenile/adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Eighteen patients under orthopedic supervision for juvenile/adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and independently treated with RPE for orthodontic reasons were included in the study: Group A, 10 subjects (10.4 +/- 1.3 years), first spinal radiograph before the application of the RPE, second one during the orthodontic therapy with RPE; Group B, 8 patients (11.3 +/- 1.6 years), first radiograph during the use of RPE second one after the removal. Group A showed a significant worsening of the Cobb angle (p <= 0.005) at the second radiograph after RPE. Group B showed a significant improvement of the Cobb angle (p = 0.01) at the second radiograph after removal of RPE. Based on the results, the use of RPE during adolescence might influence the spinal curves of patients with idiopathic scoliosis

Condylar asymmetry in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Could it be a sign of a possible temporomandibular joints involvement?

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the condylar and ramal asymmetry of the mandible in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) using orthopantomographies (OPTs). METHODS: A total of 30 JIA patients with confirmed diagnosis of JIA and a routine OPT, seeking for orthodontic therapy, free of specific symptoms of temporomandibular joint involvement, and 30 normal matched subjects with OPT were comprised in the study. The method of Habets et al. was used to compare the condyles and rami in OPT. The significance of between-group differences were assessed using Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The results showed a high significant difference in the range of asymmetry of the condyle, being the patient group highly asymmetrical (P < 0.0001). No differences were found in the range of asymmetry of the ramus between groups (P = 0.47). The intra-group comparison between males and females showed a difference in the patient group (P = 0.04), being the females more asymmetric. CONCLUSIONS: Knowing that the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is highly susceptible to inflammatory alterations during growth, even in absence of symptomatology, and being the OPT a cost-benefit favorable imaging tool widespread in the dental field, the latter could be used as a first screening examination in JIA patients to calculate the condylar asymmetry index. The use of this screening tool will help the physicians in addressing the patients that should undergo a more detailed TMJ imaging to early detect TMJ abnormalities and to early set up a targeted therapy of the related cranial growth alteration

Cranial structure and condylar asymmetry of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a risky growth pattern

The aim of the study was to evaluate the cephalometric differences and condylar asymmetry between patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and normal control group. Sixty-two JIA patients with a latero-lateral cephalogram and orthopantomography, seeking for orthodontic therapy, and 62 normal matched subjects were comprised in the study. Cephalometric analysis was used for the evaluation of facial morphology while the method of Habets et al. (J Oral Rehabil 15(5): 465-471, 1988) was used to compare the condyles in orthopantomography. The significance of between-group differences was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate. The results showed a prevalence of the upper maxilla with hypomandibulia (class II), hyperdivergency with short vertical ramus posterior and posterior rotation of the mandible in JIA children (SNB, ANB, NSL/ML, Fh/ML, NL/ML, ArGo, ML P < 0.0001, ML/Oc P < 0.004, ArGo/GoGn P = 0.02, no difference for SNA). The condyles of the JIA group resulted highly asymmetric (P < 0.0001). The growth pattern of JIA patients resulted clearly different from normal subjects. This serious impairment of the cranial growth may be considered as an indicator of the need for early and continuous orthognatodonthic therapy during the entire period of development for all JIA patients, independently from temporomandibular joint signs or symptoms. To this end, it is important that rheumatologists and orthognathodontists set up a multidisciplinary treatment planned to control the side effects of a deranged growing pattern, to strictly avoid any orthodontic therapies that may worsen function and growth, and to promote treatments improving the physiology and biology of the cranial development

Obesity and craniofacial variables in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: comparisons of cephalometric values

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this paper was to determine the most common craniofacial changes in patients suffering Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) with regards to the degree of obesity. Accordingly, cephalometric data reported in the literature was searched and analyzed.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>After a careful analysis of the literature from 1990 to 2006, 5 papers with similar procedural criteria were selected. Inclusion criteria were: recruitment of Caucasian patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >10 as grouped in non-obese (Body Mass Index – [BMI] < 30) <it>vs</it>. obese (BMI ≥ 30).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A low position of the hyoid bone was present in both groups. In non-obese patients, an increased value of the ANB angle and a reduced dimension of the cranial base (S-N) were found to be the most common finding, whereas major skeletal divergence (ANS-PNS ^Go-Me) was evident among obese patients. No strict association was found between OSAS and length of the soft palate.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In both non-obese and obese OSAS patients, skeletal changes were often evident; with special emphasis of intermaxillary divergence in obese patients. Unexpectedly, in obese OSAS patients, alterations of oropharyngeal soft tissue were not always present and did not prevail.</p