Migrants’ social and labor market outcomes: Paraguayans in Argentina

This paper addresses some factors influencing migrants’ social and labor market outcomes in host countries, focusing particularly on the case of Paraguayan migration to Argentina. In the first decades of the 20th century, Latin America and the Caribbean received 15% of total migrant flows . In Argentina, in 1919, migrants represented 30% of the population, although this proportion diminished in the following decades. The share of migrants has remained around 4.5% to 5% of total Argentine population since 1995—until the 2010 Population Census—while the decline in European migration since the mid-1940s was replaced by neighboring countries’ migrants.Fil: Cortes, Rosalia Alba. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales. Sede Académica Argentina Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Two Acheuleans, two humankinds. From 1.5 to 0.85 Ma at Melka Kunture (Upper Awash, Ethiopian highlands)

The Acheulean is the longest-lasting human cultural record, spanning approximately 1.5 Ma and three continents. The most comprehensive sequences are found in East Africa, where, in large-scale syntheses, the Lower Pleistocene Acheulean (LPA) has often been considered a uniform cultural entity. Furthermore, the emergence and development of Acheulean technology are seen as linked to the emergence and evolution of Homo ergaster/erectus. The criterion for grouping together different lithic assemblages scattered over space and time is the presence of large cutting tools (LCTs), more than of any other component. Their degree of refinement has been used, in turn, as a parameter for evaluating Acheulean development and variability. But was the East African LPA really uniform as regards all components involved in lithic productions? The aim of this paper is to evaluate the techno-economic similarities and differences among LPA productions in a specific micro-regional and environmental context, i.e. at Melka Kunture, in the Ethiopian highlands, and in a specific period of time: between ~1.5 Ma, when some of the earliest Acheulean complexes appeared, and 1.0-0.85 Ma, when LCTs productions became intensive and widespread. Our detailed comparative analyses investigate all aspects and phases of the chaînes opératoires. Since hominin fossil remains were discovered at some of the analyzed sites, we also discuss differences among lithic productions in relation to the changing paleoanthropological record. Our studies show that at Melka Kunture the LPA techno-complexes cannot be grouped into a single uniform entity. The assembled evidence points instead to “two Acheuleans” well-defined by a strong discontinuity in various aspects of techno-economic behaviors. This discontinuity is related to a major step in human evolution: the transition from Homo ergaster/erectus to Homo heidelbergensis

The unknown Oldowan. ~1.7-million-year-old standardized obsidian small tools from Garba IV, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia

The Oldowan Industrial Complex has long been thought to have been static, with limited internal variability, embracing techno-complexes essentially focused on small-to-medium flake production. The flakes were rarely modified by retouch to produce small tools, which do not show any standardized pattern. Usually, the manufacture of small standardized tools has been interpreted as a more complex behavior emerging with the Acheulean technology. Here we report on the ~1.7 Ma Oldowan assemblages from Garba IVE-F at Melka Kunture in the Ethiopian highland. This industry is structured by technical criteria shared by the other East African Oldowan assemblages. However, there is also evidence of a specific technical process never recorded before, i.e. the systematic production of standardized small pointed tools strictly linked to the obsidian exploitation. Standardization and raw material selection in the manufacture of small tools disappear at Melka Kunture during the Lower Pleistocene Acheulean. This proves that 1) the emergence of a certain degree of standardization in toolkits does not reflect in itself a major step in cultural evolution; and that 2) the Oldowan knappers, when driven by functional needs and supported by a highly suitable raw material, were occasionally able to develop specific technical solutions. The small tool production at ~1.7 Ma, at a time when the Acheulean was already emerging elsewhere in East Africa, adds to the growing amount of evidence of Oldowan techno-economic variability and flexibility, further challenging the view that early stone knapping was static over hundreds of thousands of years

Expanding the CRA to all financial institutions

Community Reinvestment Act of 1977

Education and Earnings Differentials: The Role of Family Background Across European Countries

The crucial aim of this paper is to investigate, in a generational perspective, the effects of specific dimensions of human capital on individuals earnings and earnings differentials across a selected set of six developed economies of Western Europe with structural differences in their formal education systems and, more generally, in their institutional frameworks. In a cross-country comparison, we intend to inspect how formal education and work experience stand for critical predictors of inequality between and within earner-groups and/or educational groups. In this light, the role of family background on individuals’ earnings in relation to the two main occupational status (i.e., wage-employment rather than self-employment) and, in particular, the impact of parental education and abilities on children’s human capital are argued as well. In order to look into the critical determinants of intergenerational im-mobility, in terms of educational and employment decision-making process, and to what extent they vary across countries, two-stage structural probit models with quantile regressions in the second stage are estimated. As we expect that individual earnings also depend on a range of personal and structural factors and on the family background as well, a set of human capital earnings equations, based on extensions of Mincer models, are estimated by the main employment status. Microdata come from EU-SILC survey, the main new reference source for comparative statistics at European level, which also detects a set of retrospective parental information allowing to account for potential generational changes over time. Briefly, empirical results are interesting, taken as a whole. Although not a few determinants appear to be relatively similar across countries, wider national-specific differentials are drawn. Most of all, it emerges how each component of human capital differently affects individuals’ earnings and earnings inequality across European countries and, most importantly, how this impact differs along the whole earnings distributions. Also, quite dissimilar patterns of influence of family-specific background on children’s outcomes across countries is sketched.

PENGARUH PERMAINAN PETAK UMPET TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN SOSIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK

The purpose of this research is to correct whether it is true or not about the influence of hide and seek game to the emotional social ability on B group children at TK Roudlotul Jannah Al Huda Mojokerto city. The subject were on B group children at TK Roudlotul Jannah Al Huda of 22 children. The Results showed that T hitung < T tabel (0 < 66), thus Ha Accepted , and Ho is rejected. According to the research, we can conclude that hide and seek game gives influence to the emotional social ability children’s.Keywords : Emotional social ability, hide and seek game.Abstrak : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji ada atau tidaknya pengaruh permainan petak umpet terhadap kemampuan sosial emosional anak kelompok B. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak kelompok B di TK Roudlotul Jannah Al Huda Kota Mojokerto yang berjumlah 22 anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa T hitung < T tabel (0 < 66), dengan demikian Ha diterima, dan Ho ditolak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa permainan petak umpet berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan sosial emosional anak.Kata kunci : kemampuan sosial emosional, permainan petak umpe

Pemberian Remisi Bagi Koruptor di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia

The right to obtain remission in Indonesia is contained in Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections. Regarding the right to remission is contained in Article 34A paragraph (1) letter a of Government Regulation Number 99 of 2012 concerning Conditions and Procedures for Implementing the Rights of Prisoners. The problem that occurs is whether corruptors who harm the state and Indonesian society deserve remission. The issue of Justice Collaborator is also interesting to discuss because it has many pros and cons. This research is a doctrinal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. Legal materials are obtained from legislation, to strengthen the analysis, this research also uses some empirical and normative research results. The analysis of data is carried out using the content analysis method which focuses on the study of laws and regulations regarding remission. This study argues that the elimination of the requirement to become a Justice Collabolator for perpetrators of corruption will eliminate human rights because the right to obtain remission is not given immediately but there must be mandatory conditions and procedures that must be met for perpetrators of corruption. based on Article 29 paragraph (2) and Article 28J paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution that restrictions on the fulfillment of human rights can only be carried out for reasons carried out under the law and stipulated by law. Meanwhile, the elimination of the requirement to become a Justice Collaborato