Helico-conical optical beams self-heal

An optical beam is said to be self-healing when, distorted by an obstacle, the beam corrects itself upon propagation. In this letter, we show through experiments supported by numerical simulations, that Helico-conical optical beams (HCOBs) self-heal. We observe the strong resilience of these beams with different types of obstructions, and relate this to the characteristics of their transverse energy flow.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Direction-sensitive transverse velocity measurement by phase-modulated structured light beams

The use of structured light beams to detect the velocity of targets moving perpendicularly to the beam's propagation axis opens new avenues for remote sensing of moving objects. However, determining the direction of motion is still a challenge since detection is usually done by means of an interferometric setup which only provides an absolute value of the frequency shift. Here, we put forward a novel method that addresses this issue. It uses dynamic control of the phase in the transverse plane of the structured light beam so that the direction of the particles' movement can be deduced. This is done by noting the change in the magnitude of the frequency shift as the transverse phase of the structured light is moved appropriately. We demonstrate our method with rotating micro-particles that are illuminated by a Laguerre-Gaussian beam with a rotating phase about its propagation axis. Our method, which only requires a dynamically configurable optical beam generator, can easily be used with other types of motion by appropriate engineering and dynamic modulation of the phase of the light beam.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Measuring the translational and rotational velocity of particles in helical motion using structured light

We measure the rotational and translational velocity components of particles moving in helical motion using the frequency shift they induced to the structured light beam illuminating them. Under Laguerre-Gaussian mode illumination, a particle with a helical motion reflects light that acquires an additional frequency shift proportional to the angular velocity of rotation in the transverse plane, on top of the usual frequency shift due to the longitudinal motion. We determined both the translational and rotational velocities of the particles by switching between two modes: by illuminating with a Gaussian beam, we can isolate the longitudinal frequency shift; and by using a Laguerre-Gaussian mode, the frequency shift due to the rotation can be determined. Our technique can be used to characterize the motility of microorganisms with a full three-dimensional movement.Comment: 5 pages,5 figure

On the relation of the gravitino mass and the GUT parameters

In this article we consider the local supersymmetry breaking and the broken SU(5) symmetry permisible by dilaton vacuum configuration in supergravity theories. We establish the parameter relation of spontaneuos breaking of supersymmetry and of the GUT theory.Comment: 12 pages, file written in Revtex forma

Marketing Estratégico : Segmentación de Mercados, mercado meta y posicionamiento en el mercado

El marketing estratégico orienta a la empresa, hacia las oportunidades atractivas de mercado, velando por la satisfacción del consumidor y garantizando un elevado potencial de crecimiento y rentabilidad, haciendo uso de la segmentación de mercado, mercado meta y posicionamiento de mercado, como elementos de vital importancia para el diseño de las estrategias de marketing. Hoy en día la competencia es más amplia, el número de empresa crece grandemente y los consumidores son más exigentes, estos factores obligan a las organizaciones a especializarse, a buscar su lugar en el mercado, producir en pensando en el cliente y su satisfacción. De igual manera realizar un proceso eficiente de evaluación y selección del mercado meta, definiendo las estrategias correctas de posicionamiento que se deben implementar como elementos de valor en la empresa. La empresa debe seleccionar los mercados meta hacia los cuales debe dirigir sus esfuerzos de marketing con la finalidad de lograr los objetivos que se ha propuesto, la capacidad de negociación tiene importancia decisiva para alcanzar el éxito en la empresa dado a que cada segmento impone ciertos requisitos. El objetivo general de este seminario de graduación definir el proceso de búsqueda de valor, a través de las teorías científicas, para conocer la función que tiene el marketing estratégico en las empresas. La base teórica son los diversos conceptos de autores enfocados a explicar el tema en estudio. La metodología empleada fue a través de una investigación documental, apoyándose en fuentes de carácter documental obtenidos de fuentes bibliográficas basada en la consulta de libros