Prophylactic and Therapeutic Vaccines against Human Papillomavirus Infections

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a large family of double-strand DNA viruses comprising more than 180 types. Infection with HPV is associated with benign and malignant proliferation of skin and mucosae. Low-risk HPVs produce warts, whereas high-risk viruses induce tumors. Because there are no anti-viral drugs for HPV infection, there is a lot of interest in vaccines that can prevent the infection and also in vaccines that can be used to treat established infections and HPV-related tumors. Two prophylactic vaccines have been approved for preventing HPV infection. They seem to be effective when very young people are vaccinated. Unfortunately, many older people are still at risk of infection, mainly in countries where vaccination coverage is not efficient and for those people, novel therapeutic vaccines are being developed. This chapter describes the properties of HPV vaccines used today and the current status of several therapeutic vaccines been developed to treat HPV-induced lesions

Productive Development Policies in Costa Rica: Market Failures, Government Failures, and Policy Outcomes

This paper analyzes five Productive Development Policies (PDPs) implemented in Costa Rica, finding that they are not optimally addressing market failures. Moreover, government failures rather than market failures represent the main justification for PDPs. Even in the presence of market failures, the policy instruments applied are not necessarily the most economically efficient but rather the most politically feasible options. In addition, the lack of policy evaluation and monitoring prevents adjustments and corrections of such policies. Addressing the arguments for policy intervention and incorporating the results of evaluation into policy design and reform are necessary conditions for success. In spite of positive policy outcomes, limitations to enhance competitiveness and create the conditions for productivity growth are still present. An umbrella approach in the case of those PDPs that reinforce each other is necessary for productivity growth.Policy Analysis, Policy Making, Industrial Policy, Costa Rica

The last five years of Big Data Research in Economics, Econometrics and Finance: Identification and conceptual analysis

Today, the Big Data term has a multidimensional approach where five main characteristics stand out: volume, velocity, veracity, value and variety. It has changed from being an emerging theme to a growing research area. In this respect, this study analyses the literature on Big Data in the Economics, Econometrics and Finance field. To do that, 1.034 publications from 2015 to 2019 were evaluated using SciMAT as a bibliometric and network analysis software. SciMAT offers a complete approach of the field and evaluates the most cited and productive authors, countries and subject areas related to Big Data. Lastly, a science map is performed to understand the intellectual structure and the main research lines (themes)

Optimizing the magnetoinductive lens: Improvement, limits, and possible applications

In this contribution, the basic concepts underlying the physics of magnetoinductive MI lenses are developed and the main practical limitations to their performances are analyzed. Strategies to overcome such limitations are proposed. Possible applications of MI lenses in magnetic resonance imaging are discussed.Ministerio de Ciencia y Educación de España-TEC2004-04249-C02-02Junta de Andalucía-P06-TIC-0136

Comparing performance on chaos control via adaptive output-feedback

"Performance of four controllers is experimentally compared and evaluated in context of chaos suppression. Four output-feedback controllers are used in experi- ments for comparison. First three schemes utilize an adaptive observer to estimate the states and parameter required for feeding back and with different techniques, which are: (i) feedback linearization, (ii) backstepping, and (iii) sliding mode. The fourth scheme is a (low-parameterized) robust adaptive feedback. A simple class of dynamical systems that exhibit chaotic behavior, called P-class, is considered as benchmark due to involves distinct chaotic systems. The need of comparison is motivated to ask: What is the suitable adaptive scheme to suppress chaos in an specific implementation? Results show a trend on different applications, are illustrated experimentally by means circuits, and are discussed in terms of control effort. This comparative study is important to select a feedback scheme in specific implementations; for example, synchronization of complex networks.

Diagnostic of burnout Syndrome in Workers at inmunology and blood by products center

Artículos originales[ES] Se realizó un estudio transversal entre marzo y abril de 2011 con 40 trabajadores del Centro de Inmunología y Biopreparados de Holguín a los cuales se les aplicó la encuesta de Maslach Burnout Inventory con el objetivo de diagnosticar el Síndrome de Burnout en esta población. De la muestra analizada, ocho trabajadores fueron diagnosticados con Síndrome de Burnout, de estos, cuatro con una evaluación de medio y cuatro con alto, representando el 20% del total. El Síndrome de Burnout fue más frecuente en mujeres, trabajadoras de oficina de nivel superior y medio superior entre los 26 y los 52 años de edad. La aplicación de la herramienta de Maslach permitió diagnosticar el Síndrome de Burnout en los trabajadores de esta entidad entre trabajador de oficina y de producción y servirá como base para la toma de decisiones administrativas en aras de mejorar la calidad del principal recurso de una empresa: el hombre. [EN] A transversal study was carried out between March and April 2011, with 40 workers of the Immunology and Blood Products Center in Holguín, to whom we applied the Maslach Burnout Inventory Test to determinate Burnout Syndrome. Eight of these workers were diagnosed with Burnout Syndrome, 4 of which had a medium evaluation and 4 which had a high evaluation, representing 20% of the total. Women had more Burnout Syndrome than men and were office workers with medium-high school, between 26 and 52 years old. The application of this test allowed us to diagnose the Burnout Syndrome in office and production workers of the Immunology and Blood Products Center in Holguin. This tool will be useful in management decisions to improve the quality of life the company´s main resource: the human being.N

Estudio unidimensional del síndrome de burnout en estudiantes de medicina de Holguín.

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal entre octubre y noviembre de 2010. Objetivos: Determinar la presencia del Síndrome de Burnout en su enfoque unidimensional en estudiantes de primer año de medicina de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín (UCMH). Métodos: Se escogieron aleatoriamente 70 estudiantes de primer año, 35 de cada sexo (85 % de la población), a los que se les aplicó el instrumento Escala Unidimensional de Burnout Estudiantil. Resultados: El sexo femenino (sin Burnout 0, Burnout leve 25, Burnout moderado 10, Burnout profundo 0), fue el de mayor incidencia de Burnout en comparación con los varones (sin Burnout 10, urnout leve 24, Burnout moderado 1, Burnout profundo 0). Hay un predominio del Burnout leve en ambos sexos. En los varones se encontraron estudiantes sin Burnout y sólo uno con moderado. En las hembras todas las estudiadas tenían Burnout y una parte considerable moderado. No se encontraron casos de Burnout profundo en ninguno de los sexos. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de medicina de primer año de la UCMH están afectados en su mayoría por el Síndrome de Burnout. Las hembras están más afectadas que los varones