Síntomas psicopatológicos en adolescentes españoles: relación con los estilos parentales percibidos y la autoestima

The purpose of this research was to study the presence of psychopathologic symptoms in a community sample of 935 Spanish adolescents, and its relationship with perceived parental styles and the self-esteem. Numbers of males and females were 489 and 446, respectively. Age ranged from 12 to 18 years (M = 14.84, SD = 1.83). Fourteen High School centers in Murcia and Castilla-La Mancha agreed to participate in the current study. Five of them were randomly selected to collected data. The results showed age-related differences in all variables (the psychopathologic symptoms, self-esteem and perceived parental styles). On the other hand, females showed less psychopathologic symptoms and better perception of parental styles than males. Significant negative correlations were found between self-esteem, psychopathology and some positive dimensions of parental style. The main predictors of adolescent’s mental health were: self-esteem, age, gender, revelation and affect from father and psychological control of mother.El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la sintomatología psicopatológica evaluada con el SCL-90-R en una muestra comunitaria de 935 adolescentes españoles y su interacción con el estilo parental percibido y la autoestima. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 489 chicos y 446 chicas de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 18 años (M = 14.84, DT = 1.83) que cursaban estudios de Educación Secundaria y Bachillerato. Catorce centros de la Región de Murcia y Castilla-La Mancha aceptaron participar en el estudio. De éstos, fueron seleccionados al azar siete teniendo en cuenta la titularidad (pública y concertada). Los resultados indicaron que la edad influía en todas las variables medidas, presentando los adolescentes de mayor edad medias más altas en síntomas psicopatológicos, menor autoestima y peor percepción de los estilos educativos parentales. Las mujeres presentaron menos niveles de sintomatología y mejor percepción de los estilos educativos. Los resultados de los análisis correlacionales confirmaron relaciones significativas inversas entre autoestima y síntomas psicopatológicos y entre algunas dimensiones positivas de los estilos educativos. Los predictores más relevantes y de mayor peso en la salud psicológica fueron: autoestima, edad, sexo, revelación y afecto del padre y control psicológico de la madre

Técnicas y tecnologías en hidrología médica e hidroterapia

El objetivo del presente informe es difundir entre los profesionales médicos la información que contribuya a orientarles en la materia, conocer las aplicaciones terapéuticas o rehabilitadoras que pueden ofrecer los distintos centros termales y explorar su interacción con los tratamientos médicos habituales a los que suelen estar sometidos los usuarios de estos programas de termalismo

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field