Una contribución matemática a la teoría del crecimiento económico. Evidencia sobre la relación entre salarios y producción de las regiones italianas

In this manuscript, the authors empirically assess the impact of an increase in the wage per worker on the GDP per capita of the Italian regions. To achieve this research aim, the authors carry out a panel data regression analysis, relying on an identification strategy based on the standard Neoclassical model of economic growth. The authors’ results suggest that, on average, the output effect of an increase in the wage per worker is positive, with a substantial difference between the Northern and Center-Southern regions. The authors’ policy implication is that wage moderation does not represent a remedy to the economic stagnation that the Italian regions have been experiencing since the second half of the 1990s.En este manuscrito, los autores evalúan empíricamente el impacto de un aumento del salario por trabajador en el PIB per cápita de las regiones italianas. Para lograr este objetivo de investigación, los autores realizan un análisis de regresión de datos de panel, basándose en una estrategia de identificación basada en el modelo neoclásico estándar de crecimiento económico. Los resultados de los autores sugieren que, en promedio, el efecto sobre la producción de un aumento en el salario por trabajador es positivo, con una diferencia sustancial entre las regiones Norte y Centro-Sur. La consecuencia política de los autores es que la moderación salarial no representa un remedio al estancamiento económico que las regiones italianas han experimentado desde la segunda mitad de los años noventa

On minty variational inequalities and increasing along rays functions

In this paper we investigate the link between a Minty variational inequality and the notion of increasing along rays function. In particular we show that vector increasing along rays functions can be characterized in term of existence of a solution of a generalized Minty variational inequality

Well-posedness, a short survey

In this paper we analyze the property of Tykhonov wellposedness in relation to other well-posedness properties which are ordinal and, as stated in the title, we give a survey on some important results on well-posedness in scalar optimization and in scalar inequalities

On the Minty and Stampacchia scalar variational inequalities

The paper aims to deepen the analysis of the two different variational inequalities e and to provide a short statement of fundamental results. Subsequently it intends to clarify the role of the scalar Stampacchia and Minty solutions in optimization problem

Pointwise well-posedness in vector optimization and variational inequalities

In this note we consider some notions of well-posedness for scalar and vector variational inequalities and we recall their connections with optimization problems. Subsequently, we investigate similar connections between well-posedness of a vector optimization problem and a related variational inequality problem and we present an result obtained with scalar characterizations of vector optimality concepts

Variational inequalities and optimization problems

In this paper we survey the relationships between scalar and vector variational inequalities (of differential type) and the underlying optimizationproblem. We show that the variational inequalities of Stampacchia type can be viewed as necessary optimality conditions, while the variational inequalities of Minty type can be considered as sufficient optimality conditions. Concerning this last statement, a gap is observed between the scalar and the vector case and possible fulfilments of this gap are investigated

A Mathematical Model for the Study of the Effects of the Economic Cycle on the Real GDP Growth Rate through the Expectations-Adjusted Phillips Curve

In this paper is presented a theoretical model finalized to explain the effects of the economic cycle on the real GDP growth rate of a given country's economy towards a selected business partner. In other words, the present paper expose an innovative theoretical model, based on the expectations-adjusted Phillips Curve and on the Okun's law, which proposes the existence of a relationship between the difference in the effective inflation rate and in the expected inflation rate of the national economy of a generic country (inflation gap), and the growth rate of the real GDP of the national economy and of its corresponding commercial partner, both determined by the different phases of the economic cycle. The two economies examined, for the purpose of empirical verification, are Germany and the group of the countries belonging to the euro area, considered, as a whole, as a single economy. The considered sample period ranges from  the first quarter of 1999 to the first quarter of 2018. The result to which the authors arrive, appropriately verified with econometric models, indicates not only the existence, the significance and the robustness of the relationship established by it but also the ability of the model to predict, with good precision, the effects of the economic cycle on the real GDP growth rate, given the inflation gap. Keywords: Expectations-adjusted Phillips Curve, Okun's Law, Business Cycle, mathematical models and methods. JEL Classifications: C02, C32, E32, E37 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.923

Tbx1 is a negative modulator of Mef2c

The developmental role of the T-box transcription factor Tbx1 is exquisitely dosage-sensitive. In this study, we performed a microarray-based transcriptome analysis of E9.5 embryo tissues across a previously generated Tbx1 mouse allelic series. This analysis identified several genes whose expression was affected by Tbx1 dosage. Interestingly, we found that the expression of the gene encoding the cardiogenic transcription factor Mef2c was negatively correlated to Tbx1 dosage. In vivo data revealed Mef2c up-regulation in the second heart field (SHF) of Tbx1 null mutant embryos compared with wild-type littermates at E9.5. Conversely, Mef2c expression was decreased in the SHF and in somites of Tbx1 gain-of-function mutants. These results are consistent with the described role of Tbx1 in suppressing cardiac progenitor cell differentiation and indicate also a negative effect of Tbx1 on Mef2c during skeletal muscle differentiation. We show that Tbx1 occupies conserved regulatory regions of the Mef2c locus, suggesting a direct effect on Mef2c transcription. However, we also show that Tbx1 interferes with the Gata4→ Mef2c regulatory pathway. Overall, our study uncovered a target of Tbx1 with critical developmental roles, so highlighting the power of the dosage gradient approach that we used

Laparoscopic splenectomy: postero-lateral approach

In paediatric population, the laparoscopic splenectomy has been preferred to the open surgery during the last years. Due to the improvement of the technique and the devices, the indications to the laparoscopic splenectomy have been increased, even though there is still a variety of conditions in which the execution of this technique is arduous. During the preoperative consult there is the need to carefully evaluate the existence of cholecystic lithiasis, the haemoglobin level in patients with SCA, platelet count in children with ITP and the vaccination status. An anterior and a lateral or hanging spleen approach are primarily used for laparoscopic splenectomy. In the last four years, near the Section of Pediatric Surgery of the Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Medicine of the Reproduction of Siena University, 8 cases of splenomegaly have been treated, 7 by lateral videolaparoscopic splenectomy (5 males and 2 females, with medium age of 10,5 years) and 1 by anterior approach (10 years). The advantages shown by these techniques allow the laparoscopic splenectomy to be considered as a valid alternative to the open surgery. In children’s laparoscopic splenectomy, the rate of complications is considerably low and the the major problem is the intraoperative hemorrhage. With increasing surgical experience, the minimally invasive approach appears to be superior in terms of faster postoperative recovery, shorter hospital stay, perioperative and postoperative advantages. Therefore, the laparoscopic technique may soon be accepted as the standard method in patients requiring splenectomy