Performance and plasma urea nitrogen of immunocastrated males pigs of medium genetic potential

Objective. A study was carried out to evaluate the performance and the plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) of male pigs of medium genetic potential for lean meat deposition in carcass, which underwent immunocastration. Materials and methods. Forty-five seventy-days old Large White x Landrace crossbred were used. The pigs were distributed in a randomized design in three treatments: castrated males, females and immunocastrated males. Each treatment group was replicated three times with five pigs per replicate. The trial period was of 70 days, divided into phases of growing (70 to 110 days old) and finishing (111 to 140 days old). The pigs were weighed four times: at the beginning of the trial, at the first immunocastration vaccine dose (80 days old), at the second immunocastration vaccine dose (110 days old) and just before slaughter (140 days old). Blood samples were taken on the same day that the animals were weighed. Results. Between 80 and 110 days old, there was an increase in PUN value, only for castrated males and females. No differences were found in weight gain between the studied groups within the periods. Immunocastrated males had lower feed intake than females and these had a lower feed intake than castrated males. To 110 days old, immunocastrated animals showed feed conversion ratio similar to females and better than castrated males. However, after the second dose of the vaccine, feed conversion was similar between groups. Conclusions. The benefits of immunocastration are prominent in animals with low to medium genetic potential.Objetivo. Se realizó un estudio para evaluar el rendimiento y la concentración de urea en plasma (PUN) de los cerdos machos de medio potencial genético de carne magra en la canal sometidos a la inmunocastración. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 45 cerdos de 70 días de edad Landrace x Large White. Los animales se distribuyeron en un diseño completamente al azar con tres tratamientos: machos castrados, hembras y machos inmunocastrados. Cada tratamiento consistió en tres repeticiones, con cinco animales por réplica. El período experimental fue de 70 días, divididos en las etapas de crecimiento (70 a 110 días de edad) y terminación (111 a 140 días de edad). Los cerdos fueron pesados cuatro veces: al inicio del experimento, en la primera dosis de vacuna de inmunocastración (80 días de edad), en la segunda dosis de la vacuna de inmunocastración (110 días de edad) y antes de el sacrificio (140 días de edad). Las muestras de sangre se recogieron en el mismo día en que se pesaron los animales. Resultados. Entre 80 y 110 días de edad, hubo un aumento en la cantidad de PUN, sólo para machos castrados y hembras. No hubo diferencias en la ganancia de peso entre los grupos en ninguno de los períodos estudiados. Machos inmunocastrados tuvieron menor consumo de alimento que las hembras y éstas mostraron un menor consumo que los machos castrados. En 110 días de edad, los animales inmunocastrados mostraron la conversión de alimento similar a las hembras y mejor que los machos castrados. Sin embargo, después de la segunda dosis de la vacuna, la conversión alimenticia fue similar entre los grupos. Conclusiones. Los beneficios de inmunocastración son prominentes en animales con bajo a médio potencial genético

Genetic variants associated with Fabry disease progression despite enzyme replacement therapy

Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been widely used for the treatment of Fabry disease, a rare X-linked recessive disorder due to absent or reduced activity of lysosomal enzyme a-galactosidase A. It is still unclear why some patients under ERT show disease progression typically with renal, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dysfunctions. Here, we investigated the involvement of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion gene variants in response variability to ERT, genotyping 37 patients with the Affymetrix Drug Metabolizing Enzyme and Transporters (DMET) Plus microarray. We found three single nucleotide polymorphisms in human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)4 gene (rs1126670, rs1126671, rs2032349) and one in ADH5 gene (rs2602836) associated with disease progression (p < 0.05). Our data provide a basic tool for identification of patient with ERT non-response risk that may represent a framework for personalized treatment of this rare disease

Estudos genéticos sobre a leitegada em suínos da raça Landrace criados no Rio Grande do Sul Genetic characterization of litter traits in purebred Landrace swine, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Avaliaram-se parâmetros e tendências genéticas em suínos da raça Landrace em uma amostra constituída de 927 avós, 2.537 mães e 8.887 leitegadas registradas nos arquivos de dados da Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Suínos (ABCS), no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As estimativas dos componentes genéticos foram obtidas pelo Método REML utilizando-se um modelo que incluiu os efeitos genéticos diretos e maternos; os efeitos comuns de leitegada; os efeitos fixos de grupo contemporâneo (granja, ano de nascimento dos leitões e estação do ano); e as co-variáveis número de partos da mãe e idades da mãe ao primeiro e ao último parto. As tendências genéticas diretas e maternas foram avaliadas por meio da regressão dos valores genéticos diretos e maternos sobre o ano de nascimento da mãe. As herdabilidades genéticas aditivas e maternas foram, respectivamente, de 0,0018 e 0,0117 para número de leitões ao nascimento (NLN), 0,0031 e 0,0088 para número de leitões aos 21 dias (NLD), 0,0237 e 0,0132 para peso médio ao nascimento (PMNasc), 0,0002 e 0,0081 peso médio ajustado para os 21 dias (PMD), 0,0000 e 0,0070 para ganho médio diário (GMD) e 0,0280 e 0,0103 para natimortos (NatMort). A análise de variância para as tendências genéticas, tanto para os efeitos direto quanto para o efeito materno, foi significativa para NLN, NLD, PMNasc e NatMort e não-significativa para PMD e GMD, respectivamente, considerando os dois efeitos estudados. Tendências genéticas aditivas diretas e maternas foram positivas para número de leitões ao nascimento (0,0007/ 0,0018 g/ano), número de leitões aos 21 dias (0,001/ 0,0017 g/ano) e ganho médio diário (5E-06/ 0,0003 g/ano) e negativas para peso médio ao nascimento (-0,0001/ -8E-05 g/ano), peso médio ao desmame (-1E-05/ -7E-05 g/ano) e natimortos (-0,002/ -1E-05 g/ano).<br>The goals of this research were to obtain genetic parameters and estimate genetic trends in Landrace pigs. Data consisted of records from 927 granddams, 2,537 dams and 8,887 litters raised in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, provided by the Swine Breeders Brazilian Association ABCS. Variance components were estimated by REML, using a model that included the direct genetic effect, maternal effect, common litter effect and the fixed effect of contemporary group. Contemporary groups were defined as a combination of farm, year, and season of farrowing. The model also included the covariates parity order, age of sow at first litter and age of sow at last litter. Direct genetic and maternal genetic trends were estimated by regression of direct genetic values on birth year of the dam. Heritability and maternal heritabilities were, respectively, .002 and .012 for litter size at birth (NLN), .003 and .009 for litter size at 21 days (NLD), .024 and .013 for average litter weight at birth (PMNasc), .000 and .008 for average litter weight at weaning, in kg, adjusted to 21 days (PMD), .000 and .007 for average daily weight gain (GMD), .028 and .010 for number of stillborn (NatMort). Analysis of variance for genetic trend showed significance for direct and maternal genetic effects for NLN, NLD, PMNasc and NatMort but not for PMD or GMD. Genetic trends were positive for NLN (0.0007/ 0.0018 g/year), NLD (0.001/ 0.0017 g/year), GMD (5E-06/ 0.0003 g/year) and negative for (-0.0001/ -8E-05 g/year), PMD (-1E-05/ -7E-05 g/year) e NatMort (-0.002/ -1E-05 g/year)

Uma Análise da Demanda por Combustíveis Através do Modelo Almost Ideal Demand System para Pernambuco

The fuel market has been widely studied at several perspectives, from the issue of asymmetry and transmission prices, cartels, dynamics linked to price fluctuations in the international economy, demand systems, among others. Thus, this paper aims to estimate a demand system for regular gasoline, hydrous ethanol and diesel via (LA-AIDS) Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System with quarterly time series data for the period 2001-2015 in Pernambuco State (Brazil). The estimates were made using (SUR) Seemingly Unrelated Regressions. The results are similar to those observed in the literature, pointing to the inelasticity-price of demand for gasoline and diesel, which is expected given the essentiality of the assets. It was also observed that the demand for ethanol is elastic because of Marshallian price elasticity greater than one in absolute value, leading to the results already found in other studies