An Investigation of Potentially Zoonotic Helminth Parasites of Allactaga elater in Sarakhs, Iran

Abstract Introduction: Rodents are the reservoir of many endoparasites and act as their intermediate or final hosts. This study aimed to assess parasitic helminths of Allactaga elater in Sarakhs, Khorasan Razavi Province, northeastern Iran. Material and methods: From August 2017 to February 2018, 33 Allactaga elater were collected using live traps. All Allactaga elaters were euthanized, and their gastrointestinal tracts were removed and examined to identify parasitic helminths. Finally, parasites were identified using key morphological characteristics. Results: Overall, 91% of Allactaga elaters were infected with helminths, including Syphacia obvelata (86.6%), Aspicularis tetraptera (36.6%), Trichuris spp (13.3%), Heligmosomoides polygyrus (3.3%), Hymenolepis nana (16.6%), Hymenolepis diminuta (16.6%), and Cysticercus fasciolaris (13.3%). Conclusion: Various species of helminths were found in Allactaga elater from the studied area. These findings highlight the importance of this rodent species as a reservoir for zoonotic helminths. https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/

Geometric morphometric analysis in nine species of genus Hottentotta (Birula 1908) (Arachnida: Scorpiones) from Iran

Hottentotta Birula, 1908 is one of the most widely distributed buthid scorpions, with more than 40described species from Africa, across the Middle East, to India. Currently, this genus is representedby ten morphological species in Iran (H. akbarii, H. jayakari, H. juliae, H. khoozestanus, H.lorestanus, H. navidpouri, H. saulcyi, H. schach, H. sistanensis and H. zagrosensis), all of which areendemic or subendemic in Iran. The members of this genus have not been properly studied from thetaxonomic point of view. A tool that could contribute to scorpions' taxonomic studies is geometricmorphometry, which is defined as the fusion between geometry and biology. In this study, the sizeand shape variations in sternocoxal structure in Hottentotta populations have been examined usingthe geometric morphometric method. The goal was to analyze the isometric size and conformation innine species of Hottentotta. 100 individuals of Hottentotta, collected from different parts of Iranduring 2018-2020, were photographed. Coordinate (x, y) configurations from landmarks wereregistered in sternocoxal structures. Geometric morphometric analyses were performed using Rlanguage. The results clearly showed divergence in the shape and size of sternocoxal structureamong the studied taxa. However, the major shape changes were associated with H. akbarii whichhas a larger size of sternocoxal structure and a narrower sternum, shorter coxa II-III, and longercoxa IV

A new species of brush-tailed mice of the genus Calomyscus from southern Iran (Calomyscidae: Rodentia)

Calomyscidae is a monotypic family of muroid rodents with nine valid allopatric species distributed in southwestern Asia of which seven species have been so far recognized from Iran. The western and southern Zagros Mountains were thought to be home to a single species, Calomyscus bailwardi, but new researches revealed that the region is also home to four highly divergent molecular lineages. One of them was recently described as a new species (C. behzadi) but the taxonomic position of the other lineages remained unclear. Here we did an extensive sampling in southern Iran (2017-2018), during which 99 Calomyscus specimens were collected. Based on an integrated approach including karyotypic, mitochondrial as well as morphological data, we describe Calomyscus kermanensis sp. nov. as a new endemic species from the southern Zagros Mts (including Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Fars, Kerman, Yazd and Hormozgan provinces), in the region that was previously thought to be occupied by C. bailwardi. The new species emerged as a new lineage with high intraspecific mtDNA and chromosome variations. The multivariate and univariate statistical analyses of craniodental measurements also separated C. kermanensis sp. nov. from other examined Calomyscus species with the highest maximum cranial height being the most distinctive of its craniodental features

The comparison of the morphologic and genetic divergence within the house mice during its geographic expansion

Comprendre quels mécanismes contrôlent la variabilité phénotypique et comment ces mécanismes influencent et contraignent la divergence interspécifique est un objectif important en biologie de l'Evolution. Dans cette thèse, nous avons essayé d'étudier comment l'histoire phylogénétique, la génétique, l'environnement, et le développement influencent l'évolution d'une structure morphologique complexe, en utilisant la mandibule de la souris domestique comme modèle.Afin d'étudier les processus qui contrôlent la variation phénotypique, des analyses de génétique quantitative ont été réalisées sur un pedigree obtenu à partir des individus sauvages d'une population de la souris domestique. Les descendants ont été divisés en deux, l'un suit un régime alimentaire dur et l'autre un régime alimentaire mou, pour que l'effet de la plasticité phénotypique puisse être considérée. On montre que le développement et les contraintes épigénétiques pourraient changer l'architecture génétique des traits morphologiques dans une population. En outre, les résultats suggèrent que la plasticité phénotypique pourrait être adaptative dans certaines conditions environnementales, mais pas dans d'autres.Ensuite, on a utilisé la mandibule de la souris domestique pour étudier les patrons de l'évolution morphologique des populations de cette espèce dans un contexte phylogéographique. Les résultats suggèrent que la divergence morphologique chez la souris domestique a suivi la différenciation génétique. On a aussi trouvé que la variation morphologique a augmenté au cours de l'expansion des sous-espèces sans qu'une convergence significative n'accompagne l'évolution vers le commensalisme avec l'homme. Finalement on a déterminé si l'hypothèse d'évolution de la mandibule sous l'effet de la dérive génétique peut expliquer la diversification morphologique au cours de la divergence et d'expansion de la souris domestique. Les résultats rejettent cette hypothèse et plaident en faveur d'autres forces évolutives telles que la sélection.Nos résultats, dans leur ensemble, montre une origine multifactorielle de la variation et permettent de mieux comprendre la diversification morphologique des populations et des sous-espèces de la souris domestique.A major goal of evolutionary biology is to understand which mechanisms monitor phenotypic variation and how this variation can generate species diversity. In this thesis we tried to investigate how phylogenetic, genetic, environmental, and development influence the evolution of a complex morphological structure using house mouse mandible as a model.In order to study the processes monitoring phenotypic variation, quantitative genetic analyses were performed on a pedigree of wild captured specimens of house mouse. The progenies were divided into two groups followed two different diets (soft and hard), so that the effect of phenotypic plasticity can be regarded. We show that developmental and epigenetic factors could influence the genetic architecture of morphological traits in a population. Moreover, the results suggest that phenotypic plasticity might be adaptive in some environmental conditions but not in the others.We then used the house mouse mandible in order to study the patterns of morphologic evolution of the populations of this species in a phylogeographic context. Our results show that morphological divergence in the house mouse was followed the genetic differentiation. We also found that morphological variation was increased during the expansion of house mouse subspecies without a significant convergence due to commensalism with human. Finally, we investigated whether the hypothesis of genetic drift could explain the morphological diversification during the divergence and expansion of the house mouse. The results reject this hypothesis and argue for the interfering of other evolutionary forces like selection.Our results, all in all, show a multifactorial origin for phenotypic variation and permit us to better understand the morphological divergence of the population of the subspecies of house mouse

Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida: Scorpiones): Annotated checklist, DELTA database and identification key

An updated checklist of the scorpiofauna of Iran is presented. The checklist is based on records of scorpion species which their presence have been confirmed in Iran through field expeditions, examination of scorpion collections, literature review, and personal communications with researchers. According to the presented checklist the scorpion fauna of Iran consists of 68 valid species (41 endemic to Iran) belonging to 19 genera and four families and 6 doubtful reports (belong family Buthidae). Hemiscorpius gaillardi (Vachon, 1974) and Compsobuthus jakesi Kovařík, 2003 reported for the first time from Hormozgan province. Odontobuthus tavighiae Navidpour et al., 2013 collected for the first time from Fars province. Kraepelinia palpator (Birula, 1903) and O. tirgari Mirshamsi et al., 2013 were new record for South Khorasan province fauna. The list is dominated by members of the family Buthidae (58 species) with 85.3% of total species. The level of regional endemism exceeds 60.3%. A dichotomic identification key to the Iranian species on the basis of a DELTA database has been provided

Morphological and morphometric characterization of the new records of the East European vole (Microtus levis Miller, 1908) from northeast Iran

Thirteen specimens of Microtus levis were collected from Golestan province, northeast Iran. The specimens were studied based on their external characters, skull and dental morphology, and specially karyology. Specimens of M. levis from the northeast of Iran were also compared with other species of the arvalis group from Iran and specimens of M. levis from Turkey. The specimens demonstrated that 2n=54 and fundamental number FN=54. The karyological results were similar between specimens from northeast Iran and those from Turkey, but they were different from specimens of Europe. In addition, the morphometric characters of M. levis, including head and body length (mean=105.77±7.53), length of condylobasal (mean=24.96±0.97), length of bullae (mean=6.57±0.34), and dental characters consisting of maxillary tooth row (mean=6.17±0.25) and mandibular tooth row (mean=5.60±0.33), were different from those of other species of the arvalis group

Rodent-borne diseases and their public health importance in Iran.

BACKGROUND:Rodents are reservoirs and hosts for several zoonotic diseases such as plague, leptospirosis, and leishmaniasis. Rapid development of industry and agriculture, as well as climate change throughout the globe, has led to change or increase in occurrence of rodent-borne diseases. Considering the distribution of rodents throughout Iran, the aim of this review is to assess the risk of rodent-borne diseases in Iran. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING:We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran databases up to September 2016 to obtain articles reporting occurrence of rodent-borne diseases in Iran and extract information from them. Out of 70 known rodent-borne diseases, 34 were reported in Iran: 17 (50%) parasitic diseases, 13 (38%) bacterial diseases, and 4 (12%) viral diseases. Twenty-one out of 34 diseases were reported from both humans and rodents. Among the diseases reported in the rodents of Iran, plague, leishmaniasis, and hymenolepiasis were the most frequent. The most infected rodents were Rattus norvegicus (16 diseases), Mus musculus (14 diseases), Rattus rattus (13 diseases), Meriones persicus (7 diseases), Apodemus spp. (5 diseases), Tatera indica (4 diseases), Meriones libycus (3 diseases), Rhombomys opimus (3 diseases), Cricetulus migratorius (3 diseases), and Nesokia indica (2 diseases). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:The results of this review indicate the importance of rodent-borne diseases in Iran. Considering notable diversity of rodents and their extensive distribution throughout the country, it is crucial to pay more attention to their role in spreading infectious diseases for better control of the diseases

Integrative systematics of the widespread Middle Eastern buthid scorpion, Hottentotta saulcyi (Simon, 1880), reveals a new species in Iran

Morphological and genetic variation among populations of the widespread buthid scorpion, Hottentotta saulcyi (Simon, 1880), occurring in western and southwestern Iran was explored using morphometric variables, one nuclear marker (28S rDNA) and three mitochondrial markers (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, and Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I). Genetic and morphometric statistical analyses revealed extensive cryptic diversity. Phylogenetic analysis with Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood uncovered two divergent clades, one of which is described as a new species, Hottentotta hatamtiorum sp. nov., from Ilam and Khuzestan Provinces, southwestern Iran. The description of the new species raises the total count of Hottentotta Birula, 1908 species to 61, twelve of which are endemic or subendemic to the Iranian Plateau

Integrative systematics of the widespread Middle Eastern buthid scorpion, Hottentotta saulcyi (Simon, 1880), reveals a new species in Iran

Morphological and genetic variation among populations of the widespread buthid scorpion, Hottentotta saulcyi (Simon, 1880), occurring in western and southwestern Iran was explored using morphometric variables, one nuclear marker (28S rDNA) and three mitochondrial markers (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, and Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I). Genetic and morphometric statistical analyses revealed extensive cryptic diversity. Phylogenetic analysis with Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood uncovered two divergent clades, one of which is described as a new species, Hottentotta hatamtiorum sp. nov., from Ilam and Khuzestan Provinces, southwestern Iran. The description of the new species raises the total count of Hottentotta Birula, 1908 species to 61, twelve of which are endemic or subendemic to the Iranian Plateau