Exercise-induced mechanical hypoalgesia in musculotendinous tissues of the lateral elbow

The aim of this study was to investigate mechanical sensitivity responses at the lateral elbow to repeated weekly bouts of low load exercise in healthy subjects. Thirteen young men (n = 6) and women participated in 4 weeks of exercise. Arms were randomly allocated to an eccentric-only exercise protocol (ECC: 5 sets of 20 contractions) or to a concentric–eccentric protocol (CON-ECC: 5 sets of 10 eccentric/10 concentric contractions) performed at 30% maximal wrist extension force. Arms were exercised consecutively within each supervised weekly session. Quantitative measures of pressure pain threshold (PPT) recorded at three sites and maximal force for grip and wrist extension were assessed at baseline, and immediately pre/post exercise at each session. Muscle endurance during 100 maximal grip contractions force was assessed at baseline and one week following the final exercise session. Results showed that regardless of protocol, repeated low load exercise resulted in a time-dependent increase in PPT at all sites post exercise Weeks 3 and 4 and persisting at follow up Week 5 (P \u3c 0.02). No significant difference between protocols was evident for any measure. Muscle force and endurance were not significantly augmented compared with baseline. In conclusion mechanical hypoalgesia is induced by repeated low load exercises regardless of exercise mode, and this may prove beneficial if replicated clinically

Reaction and proton-removal cross sections of 6^6Li, 7^7Be, 10^{10}B, 9,10,11^{9,10,11}C, ^{12N, 13,15^{13,15}O and 17^{17}Ne on Si at 15 to 53 MeV/nucleon

Excitation functions for total reaction cross sections, $\sigma_R$, were measured for the light, mainly proton-rich nuclei $^6$Li, $^7$Be, $^{10}$B, $^{9,10,11}$C, $^{12}$N, $^{13,15}$O, and $^{17}$Ne incident on a Si telescope at energies between 15 and 53 MeV/nucleon. The telescope served as target, energy degrader and detector. Proton-removal cross sections, $\sigma_{2p}$ for $^{17}$Ne and $\sigma_p$ for most of the other projectiles, were also measured. The strong absorption model reproduces the $A$-dependence of $\sigma_R$, but not the detailed structure. Glauber multiple scattering theory and the JLM folding model provided improved descriptions of the measured $\sigma_R$ values. $rms$ radii, extracted from the measured $\sigma_R$ using the optical limit of Glauber theory, are in good agreement with those obtained from high energy data. One-proton removal reactions are described using an extended Glauber model, incorporating second order noneikonal corrections, realistic single particle densities, and spectroscopic factors from shell model calculations.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure

On‐line monitoring of radiotherapy beams: Experimental results with proton beams

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135090/1/mp8491.pd

Radiation damage to BSCCO-2223 from 50 protons.

The use of HTS materials in high radiation environments requires that the superconducting properties remain constant up to a radiation high dose. BSCCO-2223 samples from two manufacturers were irradiated with 50 MeV protons at fluences of up to 5 x 10{sup 17} protons/cm{sup 2}. The samples lost approximately 75% of their pre-irradiation I{sub c}. This compares with Nb{sub 3}Sn, which loses about 50% at the same displacements per atom

Nuclear Wobbling Motion and Electromagnetic Transitions

The nuclear wobbling motion is studied from a microscopic viewpoint. It is shown that the expressions not only of the excitation energy but also of the electromagnetic transition rate in the microscopic RPA framework can be cast into the corresponding forms of the macroscopic rotor model. Criteria to identify the rotational band associated with the wobbling motion are given, based on which examples of realistic calculations are investigated and some theoretical predictions are presented.Comment: 39 pages, plain TeX, figures not included, available via conventional mai

Evaporation residue cross sections and average neutron multiplicities in the 64Ni+92Zr and 12C+144Sm reactions leading to 156Er

Evaporation residue cross sections and neutron multiplicity distributions have been measured for the 12C + 144Sm and 64Ni + 92Zr reactions leading to the same compound nucleous 156Er. Statistical model calculations can account for the data in the 12C-induced reaction. In contrast, the inhibition of neutron emission with respect to statistical model predictions seen in 64Ni + 92Zr cannot be explained even with the inclusion of the broad angular momentum distributions required to describe the fusion cross section data

The Buffer Gas Beam: An Intense, Cold, and Slow Source for Atoms and Molecules

Beams of atoms and molecules are stalwart tools for spectroscopy and studies of collisional processes. The supersonic expansion technique can create cold beams of many species of atoms and molecules. However, the resulting beam is typically moving at a speed of 300-600 m/s in the lab frame, and for a large class of species has insufficient flux (i.e. brightness) for important applications. In contrast, buffer gas beams can be a superior method in many cases, producing cold and relatively slow molecules in the lab frame with high brightness and great versatility. There are basic differences between supersonic and buffer gas cooled beams regarding particular technological advantages and constraints. At present, it is clear that not all of the possible variations on the buffer gas method have been studied. In this review, we will present a survey of the current state of the art in buffer gas beams, and explore some of the possible future directions that these new methods might take