On the Hochschild and cyclic (co)homology of rapid decay group algebras

We show that the technical condition of solvable conjugacy bound, introduced in \cite{JOR1}, can be removed without affecting the main results of that paper. The result is a Burghelea-type description of the summands HH_*^t(\BG)_{} and HC_*^t(\BG)_{} for any bounding class \B, discrete group with word-length $(G,L)$ and conjugacy class $\in$. We use this description to prove the conjecture \B-SrBC of \cite{JOR1} for a class of groups that goes well beyond the cases considered in that paper. In particular, we show that the conjecture $\ell^1$-SrBC (the Strong Bass Conjecture for the topological $K$-theory of $\ell^1(G)$) is true for all semihyperbolic groups which satisfy SrBC, a statement consistent with the rationalized Bost conjecture for such groups

The isocohomological property, higher Dehn functions, and relatively hyperbolic groups

The property that the polynomial cohomology with coefficients of a finitely generated discrete group is canonically isomorphic to the group cohomology is called the (weak) isocohomological property for the group. In the case when a group is of type $HF^\infty$, i.e. that has a classifying space with the homotopy type of a cellular complex with finitely many cells in each dimension, we show that the isocohomological property is equivalent to the universal cover of the classifying space satisfying polynomially bounded higher Dehn functions. If a group is hyperbolic relative to a collection of subgroups, each of which is polynomially combable (respectively $HF^\infty$ and isocohomological), then we show that the group itself has these respective properties too. Combining with the results of Connes-Moscovici and Dru{\c{t}}u-Sapir we conclude that a group satisfies the Novikov conjecture if it is relatively hyperbolic to subgroups that are of property RD, of type $HF^\infty$ and isocohomological.Comment: 35 pages, no figure

Loading and Unloading Points Identification Based on Freight Trajectory Big Data and Clustering Method

Based on the GPS trajectory data of a freight enterprise in Dalian, China, this paper studies the identification of loading and unloading points by a clustering algorithm. Firstly, by analysing the characteristics of freight loading and unloading behaviour, combined with the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of truck GPS trajectory data, three characteristic variables of the number of trucks passing through a certain place, the average speed of trucks and the average stay time of trucks in the place are extracted. Then, the clustering algorithm and visual analysis are used to obtain the target cluster, and the POI language of the geographic information is obtained according to the points in the target cluster. The meaning information is crawled to accurately identify the result of the freight loading point. Finally, two classical clustering algorithms, K-means and GMM, are evaluated and compared. The results show that the identification method designed in this paper finally identifies 2,320 freight loading and unloading points from 11,406,000 trajectory data, which can realise the accurate extraction of freight loading and unloading points

Relative property A and relative amenability for countable groups

We define a relative property A for a countable group with respect to a finite family of subgroups. Many characterizations for relative property A are given. In particular a relative bounded cohomological characterization shows that if a group has property A relative to a family of subgroups, each of which has property A, then the group has property A. This result leads to new classes of groups that have property A. In particular, groups are of property A if they act cocompactly on locally finite property A spaces of bounded geometry with at least one stabilizer of property A. Specializing the definition of relative property A, an analogue definition of relative amenability for discrete groups are introduced and similar results are obtained.Comment: Updated to include a strengthening of the relative amenability characterizatio

Designing robust schedule coordination scheme for transit networks with safety control margins

We propose a robust schedule coordination scheme which combines timetable planning with a semi-flexible departure delayed control strategy in case of disruptions. The flexibility is provided by allowing holding for the late incoming bus within a safety control margin (SCM). In this way, the stochastic travel time is addressed by the integration of real-time control and slacks at the planning phase. The schedule coordination problem then jointly optimises the planning headways and slack times in the timetable subject to SCM. Analytical formulations of cost functions are derived for three types of operating modes: uncoordinated operation, departure punctual control and departure delayed control. The problem is formulated as a stochastic mixed integer programming model and solved by a branch-and-bound algorithm. Numerical results provide an insight into the interaction between SCM and slack times, and demonstrate that the proposed model leads to cost saving and higher efficiency when SCM is considered. Compared to the conventional operating modes, the proposed method also presents advantages in transfer reliability and robustness to delay and demand variation

Molecular epidemiology of measles viruses in China, 1995–2003

This report describes the genetic characterization of 297 wild-type measles viruses that were isolated in 24 provinces of China between 1995 and 2003. Phylogenetic analysis of the N gene sequences showed that all of the isolates belonged to genotype H1 except 3 isolates, which were genotype A. The nucleotide sequence and predicted amino acid homologies of the 294-genotype H1 strains were 94.7%–100% and 93.3%–100%, respectively. The genotype H1 isolates were divided into 2 clusters, which differed by approximately 2.9% at the nucleotide level. Viruses from both clusters were distributed throughout China with no apparent geographic restriction and multiple co-circulating lineages were present in many provinces. Even though other measles genotypes have been detected in countries that border China, this report shows that genotype H1 is widely distributed throughout the country and that China has a single, endemic genotype. This important baseline data will help to monitor the progress of measles control in China

MSCs Contribute to the Conversion of Ly6Chigh Monocytes into Ly6Clow Subsets under AMI

Background. Ly6Chigh monocytes are inflammatory cells that accumulate in an infarcted myocardium, and Ly6Clow monocytes are believed to be reparative and curb myocardial remodeling. NR4A1 is a novel target for modulating the inflammatory phenotype of monocytes during atherogenesis. Objectives. We aimed to investigate whether MSCs can contribute to the heterogeneity of Ly6Chigh monocytes differentiated into Ly6Clow monocytes and whether this regulation is related to nuclear receptor NR4A1. Methods. Ly6Chigh/low monocytes were first cocultured with MSCs. C57BL/6CX3CR1-/- mice and C57BL/6 wild-type mice were then used to construct AMI models, and survival functions in the two groups were further compared. Ly6Chigh/low monocytes in circulation and in MI tissue of C57BL/6CX3CR1-/- AMI mice with or without MSC transplantation were determined by flow cytometry at day 1 and day 3. NR4A1 expression was further determined by Western blot. Apoptosis of cardiac myocytes in the infarct border zone at day 3 and day 7 was identified by TUNEL kits. Angiogenesis in the AMI heart at day 7 and day 21 was determined through immunohistochemistry by CD31. Results. We first demonstrated that the percentage of Ly6Clow monocytes increased greatly after 3 days of coculture with MSCs (12.8%±3.77% vs. 3.69%±0.74%, p<0.001). The expression of NR4A1 in Ly6Chigh/low monocytes was also significantly elevated at that time (1.81±0.46 vs. 0.43±0.09, p<0.001). Following AMI, the percentage of circulating Ly6Clow monocytes in C57BL/6CX3CR1-/- mice was significantly lower than that in C57BL/6 wild-type mice (4.36%±1.27% vs. 12.17%±3.81%, p<0.001). The survival rate of C57BL/6CX3CR1-/- mice (25%) was significantly lower than that of C57BL/6 wild-type mice (56.3%) after AMI (χ2=4.343, p=0.037). After MSCs were transplanted, we observed a significant increase in Ly6Clow monocytes both in circulation (16.7%±3.67% vs. 3.22%±0.44%, p<0.001) and in the MI heart (3.31%±0.69% vs. 0.42%±0.21%, p<0.001) of C57BL/6CX3CR1-/- mice. Western blot analysis further showed that the expression level of NR4A1 in the MI hearts of C57BL/6CX3CR1-/- mice increased significantly under MSC transplantation (0.39±0.10 vs. 0.11±0.04, p<0.001). We also found significantly decreased TUNEL+ cardiac myocytes (15.45%±4.42% vs. 22.78%±6.40%, p<0.001) in mice with high expression levels of NR4A1 compared to mice with low expression levels. Meanwhile, we further identified increased capillary density in the infarct zones of mice with high expression levels of NR4A1 (0.193±0.036 vs. 0.075±0.019, p<0.001) compared to mice with low expression levels 21 days after AMI. Conclusions. MSCs can control the heterogeneity of Ly6Chigh monocyte differentiation into Ly6Clow monocytes and further reduce inflammation after AMI. The underlying mechanism might be that MSCs contribute to the increased expression of NR4A1 in Ly6Chigh/low monocytes