Colombian consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of candida Spp. disease in children and adults

La Candidiasis Invasora (CI) y la candidemia, como su manifestación más frecuente, se ha convertido en la principal causa de micosis oportunista a nivel hospitalario. Este manuscrito realizado por miembros de la Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), tuvo como objetivo proporcionar un conjunto de recomendaciones para manejo, seguimiento y prevención de la CI/candidemia y de la infección candidiásica de mucosas, en población adulta, pediátrica y neonatal, en un entorno hospitalario, incluyendo las unidades hemato-oncológicas y unidades de cuidado crítico. Todos los datos obtenidos mediante una búsqueda exhaustiva, fueron revisados y analizados de manera amplia por todos los miembros del grupo, y las recomendaciones emitidas se elaboraron luego de la evaluación de la literatura científica disponible, y el consenso de todos los especialistas involucrados, reconociendo el problema de la emergencia de las infecciones por Candida Spp. y brindando una correcta orientación a los profesionales de la salud sobre el manejo de pacientes con enfermedad candidiásica, de una forma racional y práctica, enfatizando en la evaluación del paciente, estrategias de diagnóstico, profilaxis, tratamiento empírico, tratamiento dirigido y terapia preventiva.Invasive Candidiasis (IC) and candidemia (as its most frequent manifestation) have become the main cause of opportunistic mycosis at hospital settings. This study, made by members of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), was aimed at providing a set of recommendations for the management, follow-up and prevention of IC / candidemia and mucous membrane candida infection in adult, pediatric and neonatal patients in a hospital setting, including the hemato-oncological and critical care units. All the data obtained through an exhaustive search were reviewed and analyzed in a comprehensive manner by all the members of the group, and the recommendations issued are being made after a careful review of the scientific literature available and the consensus of all specialists involved; the emergence of Candida Spp. problem is highlighted and a correct orientation to health professionals regarding the management of patients with candidiasis is provided in a rational and practical way, emphasizing patient evaluation, diagnostic strategies, prophylaxis, empirical treatment, directed treatment and preventative therap

Extending MAM5 Meta-Model and JaCalIVE Framework to Integrate Smart Devices from Real Environments

[EN] This paper presents the extension of a meta-model (MAM5) and a framework based on the model (JaCalIVE) for developing intelligent virtual environments. The goal of this extension is to develop augmented mirror worlds that represent a real and virtual world coupled, so that the virtual world not only reflects the real one, but also complements it. A new component called a smart resource artifact, that enables modelling and developing devices to access the real physical world, and a human in the loop agent to place a human in the system have been included in the meta-model and framework. The proposed extension of MAM5 has been tested by simulating a light control system where agents can access both virtual and real sensor/actuators through the smart resources developed. The results show that the use of real environment interactive elements (smart resource artifacts) in agent-based simulations allows to minimize the error between simulated and real system.This work is partially supported by the TIN2009-13839-C03-01, TIN2011-27652-C03-01, 547CSD2007-00022, COST Action IC0801, FP7-294931 and the FPI grant AP2013-01276 548 awarded to Jaime-Andres Rincon.Rincón Arango, JA.; Poza Luján, JL.; Julian Inglada, VJ.; Posadas Yagüe, JL.; Carrascosa Casamayor, C. (2016). Extending MAM5 Meta-Model and JaCalIVE Framework to Integrate Smart Devices from Real Environments. PLoS ONE. 11(2):1-27. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149665S127112Luck, M., & Aylett, R. (2000). Applying artificial intelligence to virtual reality: Intelligent virtual environments. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 14(1), 3-32. doi:10.1080/088395100117142Barella A, Ricci A, Boissier O, Carrascosa C. MAM5: Multi-Agent Model For Intelligent Virtual Environments. 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Information Fusion, 16, 3-17. doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2013.04.006Jia L, Zhenjiang M. Entertainment Oriented Intelligent Virtual Environment with Agent and Neural Networks. In: IEEE International Workshop on Haptic, Audio and Visual Environments and Games, 2007. HAVE 2007; 2007. p. 90–95.Corchado, E., Woźniak, M., Abraham, A., de Carvalho, A. C. P. L. F., & Snášel, V. (2014). Recent trends in intelligent data analysis. Neurocomputing, 126, 1-2. doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2013.07.001Ricci A, Viroli M, Omicini A. Give agents their artifacts: the A&A approach for engineering working environments in MAS. In: Proceedings of the 6th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems; 2007. p. 150. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1329308Barella, A., Valero, S., & Carrascosa, C. (2009). JGOMAS: New Approach to AI Teaching. IEEE Transactions on Education, 52(2), 228-235. doi:10.1109/te.2008.925764Behrens, T. M., Hindriks, K. V., & Dix, J. (2010). Towards an environment interface standard for agent platforms. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, 61(4), 261-295. doi:10.1007/s10472-010-9215-9Ricci A, Viroli M, Omicini A. A general purpose programming model & technology for developing working environments in MAS. In: 5th International Workshop Programming Multi-Agent Systems(PROMAS 2007); 2007. p. 54–69. Available from: http://lia.deis.unibo.it/~ao/pubs/pdf/2007/promas.pdfChee-Yee Chong, & Kumar, S. P. (2003). Sensor networks: Evolution, opportunities, and challenges. Proceedings of the IEEE, 91(8), 1247-1256. doi:10.1109/jproc.2003.814918Kushner D. The making of arduino. IEEE Spectrum. 2011;26.Schmidt, A., & van Laerhoven, K. (2001). How to build smart appliances? IEEE Personal Communications, 8(4), 66-71. doi:10.1109/98.944006Salzmann C, Gillet D. Smart device paradigm standardization for online labs. In: 4th IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 2013.Gonzalez-Jorge, H., Riveiro, B., Vazquez-Fernandez, E., Martínez-Sánchez, J., & Arias, P. (2013). Metrological evaluation of Microsoft Kinect and Asus Xtion sensors. Measurement, 46(6), 1800-1806. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2013.01.011Cook, D. J., & Das, S. K. (2007). How smart are our environments? An updated look at the state of the art. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 3(2), 53-73. doi:10.1016/j.pmcj.2006.12.001Compton, M., Barnaghi, P., Bermudez, L., García-Castro, R., Corcho, O., Cox, S., … Taylor, K. (2012). The SSN ontology of the W3C semantic sensor network incubator group. Journal of Web Semantics, 17, 25-32. doi:10.1016/j.websem.2012.05.003Munera, E., Poza-Lujan, J.-L., Posadas-Yagüe, J.-L., Simó-Ten, J.-E., & Noguera, J. (2015). Dynamic Reconfiguration of a RGBD Sensor Based on QoS and QoC Requirements in Distributed Systems. 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Análisis comparativo del desempeño y emisiones de un motor diesel de gran capacidad operando bajo dos escenarios: trabajo en ruta activa y trabajo en banco

Several tests were carried out on a 1,640 kW (2,200 hp) diesel engine operating in two different sets of conditions: a bench test and route test (when the engine was located on a mining truck). The engine was mounted on a dynamometer for the first set of conditions. The parameters measured were break torque, cylinder and air inlet temperatures, exhaust gas temperature and both fuel consumption and airflow. Gas emissions were also recorded. The engine operated during the first phase of the study according to a test protocol allowing real work conditions to be simulated during a typical cycle present on the operation route. Afterwards, the mining truck was instrumented for the second set of working conditions and the corresponding monitoring work was done while the truck was working on the route assigned by the truck's operator. A comparative analysis was then made of the results obtained in the two sets of working conditions. This analysis led to observing that the results obtained in the two tests had a very similar pattern and thus led to validating the results obtained in the bench test.La primera revolución académica, llevada a cabo desde finales del siglo XIX en países desarrollados, hace de la investigación una función universitaria adicional a la tradicional tarea de enseñanza. Una segunda revolución académica intenta transformar la universidad en una empresa de enseñanza, investigación y desarrollo socioeconómico. El artículo científico llega a ser un excelente medio práctico para el "movimiento" de nuevo conocimiento entre la universidad y el entorno socioeconómico. Este trabajo tiene dos propósitos. Primero, presentar algunas consideraciones generales sobre la investigación y el artículo científico. El segundo, el de dar a conocer una herramienta computacional que sirve para apoyar el proceso de revisión de citaciones bibliográficas en un artículo científico. Este paso es usualmente realizado a mano y requiere experiencia. El software facilita leer dos archivos de texto, uno con el contenido del artículo y otro con las referencias bibliográficas, y luego generar un reporte que permite identificar los autores citados en el texto pero que no están referenciados en la bibliografía, y determinar los autores citados en la bibliografía mas no citados en el texto del artículo. El software también permite a los investigadores y a los coordinadores de revistas detectar errores de referenciamiento entre citaciones en el texto y referencias bibliográficas. Los pasos para desarrollar el software fueron: análisis, diseño, implementación y uso. Para el análisis fue importante la revisión de la literatura sobre elaboración de citaciones en documentos científicos

Desempeño y emisiones de un motor de combustión interna concombustible dual Diesel-Gas natural

Many of the problems reported for dual diesel-natural gas systems occur due to poor gas dosage. For this reason a natural gas electronic injection feeding system was adapted to a compression ignitios internal combustion engine. An experimental design controlling the natural gas dosage is considered. As a result a comparative analysis between performance and emissions from the Diesel-and diesel-Natural Gas operation is obtained. From this analysis it is possible to see that engine performance is not affected by operation of the engine under the dual mode, i.e. the motor running under dual mode can support the loads applied to the engine. It is also observed that the volumetric efficiency improves under all conditions of operation and emissions from the dual mode of operation are better only when working at high engine loads.Muchos de los problemas reportados para los sistemas duales diesel- gas natural ocurren por mala dosificación del gas. Por esta razón se adaptó un sistema de alimentación dual con inyección electrónica de gas natural a un motor de combustión interna encendido por compresión. Se plantea un diseño experimental controlando el dosado de gas natural. Como resultado se obtiene un análisis comparativo entre los valores de desempeño y emisiones desde la operación Diesel y Diesel-Gas natural. A partir de este análisis es posible observar que el desempeño del motor no se ve afectado por la operación del motor bajo el esquema Dual Diesel-GN, es decir que el motor funcionando bajo modo dual puede sostener las cargas solicitadas al motor. También se observa que la eficiencia volumétrica mejora bajo todas las condiciones de operación dual y las emisiones son mejores sólo cuando el motor trabaja a altas cargas

Comparative performance and emission tests of a heavy duty off-highway diesel engine working in two different conditions: route test and bench test

Several tests were carried out on a 1,640 kW (2,200 hp) diesel engine operating in two different sets of conditions: a bench test and route test (when the engine was located on a mining truck). The engine was mounted on a dynamometer for the first set of conditions. The parameters measured were break torque, cylinder and air inlet temperatures, exhaust gas temperature and both fuel consumption and airflow. Gas emissions were also recorded. The engine operated during the first phase of the study according to a test protocol allowing real work conditions to be simulated during a typical cycle present on the operation route. Afterwards, the mining truck was instrumented for the second set of working conditions and the corresponding monitoring work was done while the truck was working on the route assigned by the truck’s operator. A comparative analysis was then made of the re- sults obtained in the two sets of working conditions. This analysis led to observing that the results obtained in the two tests had a very similar pattern and thus led to validating the results obtained in the bench test

Análisis comparativo del desempeño y emisiones de un motor diesel de gran capacidad operando bajo dos escenarios: trabajo en ruta activa y trabajo en banco

La primera revolución académica, llevada a cabo desde finales del siglo XIX en países desarrollados, hace de la investigación una función universitaria adicional a la tradicional tarea de enseñanza. Una segunda revolución académica intenta transformar la universidad en una empresa de enseñanza, investigación y desarrollo socioeconómico. El artículo científico llega a ser un excelente medio práctico para el “movimiento” de nuevo conocimiento entre la universidad y el entorno socioeconómico. Este trabajo tiene dos propósitos. Primero, presentar algunas consideraciones generales sobre la investigación y el artículo científico. El segundo, el de dar a conocer una herramienta computacional que sirve para apoyar el proceso de revisión de citaciones bibliográficas en un artículo científico. Este paso es usualmente realizado a mano y requiere experiencia. El software facilita leer dos archivos de texto, uno con el contenido del artículo y otro con las referencias bibliográficas, y luego generar un reporte que per- mite identificar los autores citados en el texto pero que no están referenciados en la bibliografía, y determinar los autores citados en la bibliografía mas no citados en el texto del artículo. El software también permite a los investigadores y a los coordinadores de revistas detectar errores de referenciamiento entre citaciones en el texto y referencias bibliográficas. Los pasos para desarrollar el software fueron: análisis, diseño, implementación y uso. Para el análisis fue importante la revisión de la literatura sobre elaboración de citaciones en documentos científicos.Several tests were carried out on a 1,640 kW (2,200 hp) diesel engine operating in two different sets of conditions: a bench test and route test (when the engine was located on a mining truck). The engine was mounted on a dynamometer for the first set of conditions. The parameters measured were break torque, cylinder and air inlet temperatures, exhaust gas temperature and both fuel consumption and airflow. Gas emissions were also recorded. The engine operated during the first phase of the study according to a test protocol allowing real work conditions to be simulated during a typical cycle present on the operation route. Afterwards, the mining truck was instrumented for the second set of working conditions and the corresponding monitoring work was done while the truck was working on the route assigned by the truck’s operator. A comparative analysis was then made of the re- sults obtained in the two sets of working conditions. This analysis led to observing that the results obtained in the two tests had a very similar pattern and thus led to validating the results obtained in the bench test