Bilateral Mandibular Supernumerary Teeth Associated with Gemination: a Case report

Višestruka hiperdoncija rijetka je i obično povezana s kompleksnim sindromima ili geminacijom. Najčešći tretman koji se u tom slučaju primjenjuje jest uklanjanje prekobrojnih zuba iz profilaktičkih razloga. Svrha je ovog prikaza opisati izoliranu pojavu prekobrojnih zuba na više lokacija u čeljusti, no nepovezanih s bilo kojim sindromom. Jedan od zuba bio je rijedak i kao fenomen jer je imao anatomiju korijenskih kanala specifičnu za geminaciju. Ektopični zubi izvađeni su jer su uzrokovali nelagodu, bol i otekline u ustima. Ekstrahirana su tri prekobrojna zuba bez postoperacijskih komplikacija. Kontrolni pregled bio je dogovoren za godinu dana i tada nije bilo recidiva.Multiple hyperodontia rarely occurs without being associated with complex syndromes or gemination. The prophylactic surgical removal of the supernumerary teeth is generally the treatment of choice. The aim of this case report was to present an isolated nonsyndromic occurrence of multiple supernumerary teeth, one of which had a root canal anatomy of gemination, representing a rare phenomenon. However, since the ectopic teeth were associated with discomfort, pain and swelling, surgical treatment was necessary. The chosen treatment was surgery, with the extraction of the three supernumerary teeth and no evidence of any postoperative complications. No recurrences occurred in one year of follow-up

Concurrent agreement between an anthropometric model to predict thigh volume and dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry assessment in female volleyball players aged 14-18 years

© 2016 The Author(s).Background: A variety of performance outputs are strongly determined by lower limbs volume and composition in children and adolescents. The current study aimed to examine the validity of thigh volume (TV) estimated by anthropometry in late adolescent female volleyball players. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures were used as the reference method. Methods: Total and regional body composition was assessed with a Lunar DPX NT/Pro/MD+/Duo/Bravo scanner in a cross-sectional sample of 42 Portuguese female volleyball players aged 14-18 years (165.2 ± 0.9 cm; 61.1 ± 1.4 kg). TV was estimated with the reference method (TV-DXA) and with the anthropometric method (TV-ANTH). Agreement between procedures was assessed with Deming regression. The analysis also considered a calibration of the anthropometric approach. Results: The equation that best predicted TV-DXA was: -0.899 + 0.876 × log10 (body mass) + 0.113 × log10 (TV-ANTH). This new model (NM) was validated using the predicted residual sum of squares (PRESS) method (R2PRESS = 0.838). Correlation between the reference method and the NM was 0.934 (95%CI: 0.880-0.964, Sy·x = 0.325 L). Conclusions: A new and accurate anthropometric method to estimate TV in adolescent female volleyball players was obtained from the equation of Jones and Pearson alongside with adjustments for body mass

Nutritional status, biological maturation and cardiorespiratory fitness in Azorean youth aged 11-15 years

Background Sex and individual differences in biological maturity status can influence height, weight, and body fat. Thus, the rigorous control of these variables seems necessary for estimating overweight and obesity in adolescents. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and over-fatness in Azorean adolescents and to examine the contributions of chronological age, sex, estimated maturity status, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to the risk of overweight and obesity and over-fatness. Methods The sample comprised 1,206 youth aged 11-15 years (626 boys and 580 girls) from the Azores Islands, Portugal. Body mass, stature, and skinfolds (triceps and subscapular) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and percent fat was predicted from skinfolds. Age- and sex-specific IOTF cut-off values of the BMI defined nutritional status. Biological maturation was estimated as present height expressed as a percentage of predicted adult (mature) stature. The CRF was analyzed from the 20-m shuttle run test. Results The total prevalence rates of overweight/obesity and over-fatness were of 31% and 27%, respectively. Low CRF (unfit) and being average and advanced in maturity status were positively and significantly associated with overweight/obesity and with risk of being over-fatness in both sexes. Conclusions High prevalence rates of overweight/obesity and over-fatness were identified in Azorean youth, and low CRF and advanced biological maturation were positively associated with overweight/obesity and over-fatness in our sample of adolescents

Efecto del clorhidrato de clenbuterol sobre el funcionamiento hepático en modelo conejo

Clenbuterol hydrochloride (CCL) is an anabolic illegally used in animal feed, and in turn this situation is associated with problems in public health. As biotransformation organ, the liver has many functions, referred to in this tissue the CCL remains for a longer period of time and in greater quantity, causing hepatic cytotoxicity. The objective was to evaluate the effect of CCL, through the liver function by enzymology clinic in rabbit model.El clorhidrato de clenbuterol (CCL), es un anabólico utilizado de manera ilegal en la alimentación animal, y a su vez está situación se asocia a problemas en salud pública. Como órgano de biotransformación, el hígado tiene múltiples funciones, se ha referido que en este tejido el CCL permanece por un mayor periodo de tiempo y en mayor cantidad, provocando citotoxicidad hepática

Health Risks Due to the Use of Clenbuterol Hydrochloride: a Review

This paper analyzes and evaluates information about the characteristics and risks of using Clenbuterol hydrochloride (CCL) for their potential toxic effects, due to its inclusion in animal food (cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry) to improve productive-reproductive parameters, but neglecting food safety. Therefore, it is necessary to reassess the potential dangers that may result when used in both human and veterinary medicine. The (β-adrenergic synthetic CCL, white powder, anhydrous, highly water soluble and highly stable at room temperature is used in a clandestine manner to fatten animals for human consumption. Therapeutically, it is used as a bronchodilator drug (asthma patients); its illegal use (doping) has been detected in sports competitions, and it is used for bodybuilding due to its anabolic effect. Its use in cattle for slaughter modifies and increases the growth of muscle mass and reduces fat accumulation, which accumulates in different organs. In people with a history of bovine liver consumption contaminated with CCL, there has been registration of: tremor, muscle pain, dizziness, headache, and tachycardia. In Mexico, in an illegal and clandestine manner, there is distribution, marketing and use of CCL; however, the work of livestock organizations in registering production units free of this substance will ensure the consumption of meat products. Moreover, to propose the use of other substances which so far have no signs of toxicity will lead to a sustainable, secure and safe productivity in livestock units.En este trabajo se analiza y valora la información sobre las características y riesgos del uso de clorhidrato de clembuterol (CCL) por su potencial efecto tóxico, debido a su inclusión en la alimentación animal (bovinos, cerdos, ovinos y aves) con la finalidad de mejorar parámetros productivos-reproductivos, pero que descuidan la inocuidad alimenticia. Por eso es necesario revalorar los peligros potenciales que puede ocasionar al emplearse tanto en medicina humana como en veterinaria. El CCL es un (β-adrenérgico sintético, polvo blanco, anhidro, muy soluble en agua y altamente estable a temperatura ambiente. Es utilizado en forma clandestina en animales de engorde destinados al consumo humano. Terapéuticamente, se utiliza como un medicamento broncodilatador (pacientes con asma); en competencias deportivas se ha detectado su uso ilegal (dopaje), y en fisicoculturismo es utilizado por su efecto anabólico. Su administración en el ganado para abasto modifica e incrementa el crecimiento de masas musculares, y disminuye la acumulación de grasa; se acumula en diferentes órganos. En personas con antecedente del consumo de hígado de bovino contaminado con CCL se ha registrado temblor, dolor muscular, mareos, cefalea y taquicardia. En México, de manera ilegal y clandestina, hay distribución, comercialización y uso de CCL; sin embargo, el trabajo de las organizaciones ganaderas para el registro de unidades de producción libres de esta sustancia garantizará el consumo de los productos cárnicos. Proponer el uso de otras sustancias de las cuales hasta el momento no se tiene indicios de toxicidad propiciará una productividad sustentable, segura e inocua en las unidades de producción pecuaria

Health Risks Due to the Use of Clenbuterol Hydrochloride: a Review

This paper analyzes and evaluates information about the characteristics and risks of using Clenbuterol hydrochloride (CCL) for their potential toxic effects, due to its inclusion in animal food (cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry) to improve productive-reproductive parameters, but neglecting food safety. Therefore, it is necessary to reassess the potential dangers that may result when used in both human and veterinary medicine. The (β-adrenergic synthetic CCL, white powder, anhydrous, highly water soluble and highly stable at room temperature is used in a clandestine manner to fatten animals for human consumption. Therapeutically, it is used as a bronchodilator drug (asthma patients); its illegal use (doping) has been detected in sports competitions, and it is used for bodybuilding due to its anabolic effect. Its use in cattle for slaughter modifies and increases the growth of muscle mass and reduces fat accumulation, which accumulates in different organs. In people with a history of bovine liver consumption contaminated with CCL, there has been registration of: tremor, muscle pain, dizziness, headache, and tachycardia. In Mexico, in an illegal and clandestine manner, there is distribution, marketing and use of CCL; however, the work of livestock organizations in registering production units free of this substance will ensure the consumption of meat products. Moreover, to propose the use of other substances which so far have no signs of toxicity will lead to a sustainable, secure and safe productivity in livestock units.En este trabajo se analiza y valora la información sobre las características y riesgos del uso de clorhidrato de clembuterol (CCL) por su potencial efecto tóxico, debido a su inclusión en la alimentación animal (bovinos, cerdos, ovinos y aves) con la finalidad de mejorar parámetros productivos-reproductivos, pero que descuidan la inocuidad alimenticia. Por eso es necesario revalorar los peligros potenciales que puede ocasionar al emplearse tanto en medicina humana como en veterinaria. El CCL es un (β-adrenérgico sintético, polvo blanco, anhidro, muy soluble en agua y altamente estable a temperatura ambiente. Es utilizado en forma clandestina en animales de engorde destinados al consumo humano. Terapéuticamente, se utiliza como un medicamento broncodilatador (pacientes con asma); en competencias deportivas se ha detectado su uso ilegal (dopaje), y en fisicoculturismo es utilizado por su efecto anabólico. Su administración en el ganado para abasto modifica e incrementa el crecimiento de masas musculares, y disminuye la acumulación de grasa; se acumula en diferentes órganos. En personas con antecedente del consumo de hígado de bovino contaminado con CCL se ha registrado temblor, dolor muscular, mareos, cefalea y taquicardia. En México, de manera ilegal y clandestina, hay distribución, comercialización y uso de CCL; sin embargo, el trabajo de las organizaciones ganaderas para el registro de unidades de producción libres de esta sustancia garantizará el consumo de los productos cárnicos. Proponer el uso de otras sustancias de las cuales hasta el momento no se tiene indicios de toxicidad propiciará una productividad sustentable, segura e inocua en las unidades de producción pecuaria

Implications of the use of clenbuterol hydrochloride in livestock production

The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance and public health risk due to the consumption of clenbuterol hydrochloride (CCL) contaminated products. Nowadays a variety of substances are used to improve productive-reproductive parameters, neglecting safety. CCL is a synthetic additive which belongs to a class of drugs physiologically similar to adrenalin. Chemically it is described as a white powder, anhydrous, highly soluble in water and highly stable at room temperature. In humans it is used as a bronchodilator drug for treating asthma and in body building due to the anabolic effect it causes. It is illegally used for fattening animals meant for human consumption, without respecting the withdrawal period before slaughter. The effect of oral administration in cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry includes growth increase in muscle mass and decreasing fat accumulation; it can accumulate in different organs, mainly in liver which can cause poisoning when it is consumed. The reported clinical signs are: tachycardia, tremor and muscle pain, dizziness, headache, increased blood pressure, thyroid disease, allergies,and death due to cardiac arrest. Surveillance programs for the control and erradication of its use in animal production should be maintained because of the impact and public health problems it produces.El objetivo del presente trabajo es resaltar la importancia y el riesgo que tiene en salud pública el consumir productos contaminados con clorhidrato de clenbuterol (CCL). En los sistemas de producción animal actuales se hace uso una gran cantidad de sustancias que son adicionadas o incluidas dentro de la alimentación de diferentes especies productivas con el interés de mejorar los parámetros productivos – reproductivos, escuidando el aspecto de inocuidad. El CCL es un aditivo sintético perteneciente a una clase de edicamentos análogos fisiológicamente a la adrenalina. Químicamente se describe como polvo blanco, anhidro, muy soluble en agua y altamente estable a temperatura ambiente. En el humano se utiliza como un medicamento broncodilatador para el tratamiento del asma y en físico culturismo es utilizado por el efecto anabólico que provoca. Es un compuesto utilizado en forma clandestina en animales de ceba destinados para el consumo humano, sin respetar el periodo de retiro antes del sacrificio. El efecto de la administración oral en el ganado, cerdos, ovinos y aves modifica e incrementa el crecimiento por aumento de la masa muscular y disminución de la acumulación de grasa; puede provocar un depósito en diferentes órganos, principalmente en hígado; esta acumulación puede provocar intoxicación en las personas que consuman dicho tejido, los signos clínicos reportados, son: taquicardia, temblor y dolor muscular, mareos, cefalea, incremento en la presión sanguínea, enfermedades tiroideas, alergias, y provocar la muerte por falla cardiaca. Por las repercusiones y problemas en salud pública que produce el CCL se deben mantener programas de vigilancia epidemiológica para el control y erradicación del uso de esta sustancia en la producción animal