Sustainable last mile in e-commerce: a literature review

The interest in last mile, considered the most important factor in e-commerce, has grown as online sales have increased. This interest has been reflected in the literature. However, there is not an overview of this whole research field. The purpose of this article is to provide a complete view of the topics in the field of sustainable last mile in e-commerce. To achieve this, a literature review was carried out in which 58 articles were identified. Afterwards, these papers were classified according to their topic and research method, providing a complete vision of the field of analysis. As a result, 11 topics were identified, the most studied being the Quantification of the effect on sustainability of the last mile in e-commerce. In addition, four future lines for research were established

Habitat and scale shape the demographic fate of the keystone sea urchin <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> in Mediterranean macrophyte communities

Demographic processes exert different degrees of control as individuals grow, and in species that span several habitats and spatial scales, this can influence our ability to predict their population at a particular life-history stage given the previous life stage. In particular, when keystone species are involved, this relative coupling between demographic stages can have significant implications for the functioning of ecosystems. We examined benthic and pelagic abundances of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in order to: 1) understand the main life-history bottlenecks by observing the degree of coupling between demographic stages; and 2) explore the processes driving these linkages. P. lividus is the dominant invertebrate herbivore in the Mediterranean Sea, and has been repeatedly observed to overgraze shallow beds of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica and rocky macroalgal communities. We used a hierarchical sampling design at different spatial scales (100 s, 10 s and &lt;1 km) and habitats (seagrass and rocky macroalgae) to describe the spatial patterns in the abundance of different demographic stages (larvae, settlers, recruits and adults). Our results indicate that large-scale factors (potentially currents, nutrients, temperature, etc.) determine larval availability and settlement in the pelagic stages of urchin life history. In rocky macroalgal habitats, benthic processes (like predation) acting at large or medium scales drive adult abundances. In contrast, adult numbers in seagrass meadows are most likely influenced by factors like local migration (from adjoining rocky habitats) functioning at much smaller scales. The complexity of spatial and habitat-dependent processes shaping urchin populations demands a multiplicity of approaches when addressing habitat conservation actions, yet such actions are currently mostly aimed at managing predation processes and fish numbers. We argue that a more holistic ecosystem management also needs to incorporate the landscape and habitat-quality level processes (eutrophication, fragmentation, etc.) that together regulate the populations of this keystone herbivore

E-grocery retailing: from value proposition to logistics strategy

This paper develops two frameworks that identify and organise the elements that make up the value proposition and the logistics strategy of grocery pure players. Those frameworks are also applied to see how the elements of both frameworks are related. To identify the key elements and design characteristics, an extensive literature review was conducted. In addition, an exploratory study with five grocery pure players helped connect both frameworks. The value proposition can be classified into ten elements (range, virtual store, order features, area of delivery, sales mode, velocity, time slots, substitutions, returns, and extra services) and the logistics strategy in twelve (warehousing, inventory, procurement, picking, packing, stock out, transport type, transport ownership, consolidation, dispatch time slots, routing, and returned inventory). The case studies underline important differences among the relationships of these elements for intermediaries and independent pure players.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481A-2017/24

Robust Stochastic Graph Generator for Counterfactual Explanations

Counterfactual Explanation (CE) techniques have garnered attention as a means to provide insights to the users engaging with AI systems. While extensively researched in domains such as medical imaging and autonomous vehicles, Graph Counterfactual Explanation (GCE) methods have been comparatively under-explored. GCEs generate a new graph similar to the original one, with a different outcome grounded on the underlying predictive model. Among these GCE techniques, those rooted in generative mechanisms have received relatively limited investigation despite demonstrating impressive accomplishments in other domains, such as artistic styles and natural language modelling. The preference for generative explainers stems from their capacity to generate counterfactual instances during inference, leveraging autonomously acquired perturbations of the input graph. Motivated by the rationales above, our study introduces RSGG-CE, a novel Robust Stochastic Graph Generator for Counterfactual Explanations able to produce counterfactual examples from the learned latent space considering a partially ordered generation sequence. Furthermore, we undertake quantitative and qualitative analyses to compare RSGG-CE's performance against SoA generative explainers, highlighting its increased ability to engendering plausible counterfactual candidates.Comment: Accepted in AAAI'2

A Survey on Graph Counterfactual Explanations: Definitions, Methods, Evaluation

In recent years, Graph Neural Networks have reported outstanding performance in tasks like community detection, molecule classification and link prediction. However, the black-box nature of these models prevents their application in domains like health and finance, where understanding the models' decisions is essential. Counterfactual Explanations (CE) provide these understandings through examples. Moreover, the literature on CE is flourishing with novel explanation methods which are tailored to graph learning. In this survey, we analyse the existing Graph Counterfactual Explanation methods, by providing the reader with an organisation of the literature according to a uniform formal notation for definitions, datasets, and metrics, thus, simplifying potential comparisons w.r.t to the method advantages and disadvantages. We discussed seven methods and sixteen synthetic and real datasets providing details on the possible generation strategies. We highlight the most common evaluation strategies and formalise nine of the metrics used in the literature. We first introduce the evaluation framework GRETEL and how it is possible to extend and use it while providing a further dimension of comparison encompassing reproducibility aspects. Finally, we provide a discussion on how counterfactual explanation interplays with privacy and fairness, before delving into open challenges and future works.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2107.04086 by other author

La aventura estética de Vallejo: la idea de lo bello en el poema «Himno a los voluntarios de la República»

The reading proposed by César Vallejo, based on his experiences during the Spanish Civil War, intercommunicated with conflicts of great dimension and wide consequences, shows the confluence of diverse perspectives relevant to Peruvian literature. This article revisits some verses of «Himno a los voluntarios de la República», from España, aparta de mí este cáliz, to approach that relevance. Literary critics affirm that César Vallejo delineated a horizon of transformation for Peruvian literature; they even consider that he established a new aesthetic proper to a new time. Thus, as a beginning point, a notion of literature in a general sense is approached; and then, this innovation of the poet is reviewed.La lectura que propone César Vallejo, a partir de sus vivencias durante la guerra civil española, intercomunicada con conflictos de gran dimensión y amplias consecuencias, muestra la confluencia de diversas perspectivas fundamentales para la literatura peruana. En este artículo se revisitarán algunos versos del «Himno a los voluntarios de la República», de España, aparta de mí este cáliz, para aproximarse a esa relevancia. La crítica literaria afirma que César Vallejo habría delineado un horizonte de transformación para la literatura del Perú; incluso considera que ha instaurado una nueva estética propia de un nuevo tiempo. Así, como punto de partida, se abordará una noción de literatura en sentido general; luego, se revisará esta innovación del poeta

Justificación de gastos de pensión alimenticia por receptor/a aplicando derechos constitucionales del beneficiario

El estudio efectuado aborda uno de los derechos fundamentales, como lo es, el derecho a la alimentación; positivados en nuestra Constitución que, por la amplitud en el reconocimiento de los derechos del hombre, nuestra Carta Magna se constituye en un instrumento normativo categorizado bajo la doctrina neo constitucional vigente en varios países de América Latina. El trabajo trata el derecho a la alimentación y más elementos que constituyen el ámbito de la manutención, que tienen los menores de edad. Derecho plenamente reconocido por la doctrina jurídica existente a raíz de la Revolución Francesa y que ha sido acogido por la mayoría de las legislaciones del mundo. Ecuador no es la excepción; muy por lo contrario, ha sido fortalecido este derecho con la vigencia de la actual Constitución de la que gozamos los ecuatorianos. La alimentación de los menores es un derecho compartido entre el Estado, la sociedad y la familia. No se trata de un elemento particular para el tratamiento de los padres; sino que compromete a toda la familia, pero básicamente al Estado encargado de velar por toda la población, a través de sus instituciones; adicionalmente, es compromiso de toda la población, garantizar la vigencia de este derecho. A pesar de ser ésta la disposición constitucional, la responsabilidad termina siendo de exclusiva de los progenitores; habiéndose constituido para el efecto, un cuerpo normativo como lo es el Código de la Niñez y Adolescencia. Cuerpo legal que en su LIBRO SEGUNDO, TÍTULO V, CAPÍTULOS I y II, trata sobre EL DERECHO DE ALIMENTOS, estableciendo una serie de disposiciones tendiente a garantizar el cumplimiento de este derecho por parte de los padres y familiares. Sin embargo, poco o nada impone al Estado como corresponsable de esta obligación a otorgarse; así como a la sociedad. El Código en referencia es drástico al normar, disciplinar y castigar el incumplimiento; empero, al momento de castigar, no pondera la situación social del obligado a cumplir con la responsabilidad de pagar las pensiones alimenticias, e impone sanciones que compromete el derecho a la libertad de las personas, medida cautelar que siempre ha de considerarse como excepcional, al tenor de lo establecido en el Art. 77, numeral 1 de la Constitución. Con el propósito de garantizar la manutención de los menores, el Art. inn 5, particulariza como responsables principales a los padres, enlistando a los demás parientes, a falta de éstos. A quienes se les impone la obligatoriedad de pagar la pensión alimenticia, calculada en razón de los porcentajes que se instituyan en las tablas que para el efecto se instauran, partiendo del salario mínimo vital vigente, como mínimo, y de los ingresos que tenga el progenitor obligado para tales efectos. A pesar de la expresa disposición de que la pensión alimenticia ha de servir para la manutención de los menores, existen experiencias que demuestran que estos recursos son desviados hacia otros menesteres que no precisamente tienen relación con la manutención de los menores. Ante ello, surge la necesidad de reformar el Código de la Niñez y Adolescencia; circunstancia que me conduce a proponer los cambios correspondientes como consta en mi propuesta, al término de mi trabajo

Tendencias de la realidad aumentada como herramientas para el desarrollo del sector turismo: una revisión de la literatura científica

El artículo describe las diferentes tendencias que la Realidad aumentada ha tenido e implementado en ciudades, lugares turísticos y museos de distintas partes del mundo. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la literatura científica sobre las tendencias de la realidad aumentada como herramientas para el desarrollo del sector turismo. Para lo cual se realizó una búsqueda de información desde el año 2010 hasta el 2020, en las bases de datos donde se obtuvo información fueron Scielo, Google académico y Redylac. Contando también en la investigación con tesis de diferentes universidades tanto del país como del mundo obtenidos de cada uno de sus repositorios. Esta revisión teórica con búsqueda en bases de datos se realizó bajo la metodología de la revisión sistemática. Los resultados muestran las tendencias de uso de realidad aumentada en aplicativos, guías turísticos, páginas WEB y sistemas de realidad aumentada orientadas a ciudades, lugares turísticos y museos

Perfil de desarrollo evolutivo de un bebé con una cromosomopatía infrecuente en nacidos vivos

La trisomía 22 en nacidos vivos se clasifica dentro de las denominadas enfermedades raras o poco frecuentes. Se evalúa el perfil evolutivo de dos niñas (trisomía 22 y trisomía 21), antes y después de la aplicación de un tratamiento de atención temprana. También se valora el nivel de estrés en las madres de cada niña. Se obtiene un perfil específico de la niña con trisomía 22, caracterizado por un desarrollo evolutivo atípico en diferentes áreas. Además, existen diferencias en las madres de las niñas evaluadas respecto a su nivel de estrés. Se discute la importancia de disminuir el nivel de estrés en los padres de niños con discapacidad y se plantea la necesidad de aplicar intervenciones tempranas diferenciadas y específicas en niños con trisomía 22 en mosaico y en otras enfermedades raras o poco frecuentes.A trisomy 22 live birth is classified in so-called rare or uncommon diseases. The developmental profil of two girls (trisomy 22 and trisomy 21), before and after the implementation of early intervention treatment, is evaluated. Stress levels were also assessed in the mothers of each child. A specific profile of the girl with trisomy 22, characterized by atypical evolutionary development in different areas is obtained. In addition, differences in the mothers of girls evaluated for their level of stress. The importance of reducing the level of stress in parents of children with disabilities and the need for differentiated and specific early interventions in children with trisomy 22 mosaic and other rare or uncommon diseases arises is discussed

The Next-Generation Retail Electricity Market in the Context of Distributed Energy Resources: Vision and Integrating Framework

The increasing adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) and smart grid technologies (SGTs) by end-user retail customers is changing significantly both technical and economic operations in the distribution grid. The next-generation retail electricity market will promote decentralization, efficiency, and competitiveness by accommodating existing and new agents through new business models and transactive approaches in an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). However, these changes will bring several technical challenges to be addressed in transmission and distribution systems. Considerable activities have been carried out worldwide to study the impacts of integrating DERs into the grid and in the wholesale electricity market. However, the big vision and framework of the next-generation retail market in the context of DERs is still unclear. This paper aims to present a brief review of the present retail electricity market, some recent developments, and a comprehensive vision of the next-generation retail electricity market by describing its expected characteristics, challenges, needs, and future research topics to be addressed. A framework of integrating retail and wholesale electricity markets is also presented and discussed. The proposed vision and framework particularly highlight the necessity of new business models and regulatory initiatives to establish decentralized markets for DERs at the retail level as well as advances in technology and infrastructure necessary to allow the widespread use of DERs in active and effective ways