Leptospira spp y leptospirosis humana

Resumen Introducción. La leptospirosis, enfermedad bacteriana zoonótica y emergente más importante en el mundo, es causada por las especies patógenas de Leptospira spp. Objetivo. Revisar información reciente sobre Leptospira spp. y  leptospirosis humana con énfasis en América y Colombia. Metodología. Revisión de artículos indexados en PubMed, relacionados con la microbiología,  epidemiología, presentación clínica en humanos, diagnostico, tratamiento y prevención  de la enfermedad (vacunas). Resultados. Veinte especies de Leptospira spp han sido descritas;  se ha determinado la secuencia del ADN genómico de algunas cepas patógenas, la función de la mayoría de los genes involucrados en su patogénesis permanece desconocida. La leptospirosis humana presenta un rango de síntomas que van desde una fiebre indiferenciada hasta una ictericia, hemorragia, fallas renales y pulmonares severas. La administración temprana e intravenosa de penicilina G es requerida para reducir las tasas de mortalidad, pero los antibióticos pueden no ser efectivos en la enfermedad pulmonar severa. En las Americas, las areas de alto riesgo son Brasil, Centro América y el Caribe. Pocos estudios han sido  realizados en Colombia. La prueba serológica de oro, la microaglutinación  tiene alta sensibilidad y especificidad cuando se usan baterías de serovariedades locales pero es serogrupo específica. Las vacunas generan respuestas específicas para la serovariedad usada, pero no previenen la infección o trasmisión. Conclusiones. Problemas en el diagnóstico de laboratorio de la leptospirosis conllevan a un sub-registro en el número de casos; altas tasas de mortalidad asociadas a  fallas renal y pulmonar son resultado de las dificultades en el manejo de los casos

Co-construction d’une ethnographie émancipatrice et féministe

This contribution traces the collaborative construction of a close-up ethnography that studied the strategies put in place by migrant domestic workers to access social protection during 20 months. While looking at this process, the author suggests new practices of knowledge construction. Inspired by the works of Donna Haraway she advises the adoption of a mutated witness position, which helps to rebalance the power relations between author and participants.  La présente contribution retrace le processus de co-construction d’une « ethnographie du proche » qui durant 20 mois fut focalisée sur les stratégies des travailleuses migrantes pour accéder à la protection sociale. L’auteure propose d’esquisser de nouvelles pratiques de production du savoir inspirées des travaux de Donna Haraway, telles que l’adoption d’une posture de « témoin muté » permettant de rééquilibrer les relations de pouvoir entre le participant et l’auteur. &nbsp

Digital education platforms in engineering: teaching and researching

[EN] This Digitalization has provided social transformation that opens up new chances in all living environment that also involves the education. This phenomenon arrives in teaching methodologies and how knowledge of teaching is processed. Nowadays, among the large number of digital tools the e-learning educational platforms are widely used for its versatility and for the information that it provides about the use of itself. Thus, digital technologies have deeply transformed both, the collecting data methods and the amount of data in the field of education research. In this work, we used a Web 2.0 e-learning platform with a large variety of applications (repository, content, news, forums, etc.) to encourage student satisfaction and motivation in the environmental engineering area. The platform provides a huge amount of data of its use such as number of visits, the average time of the visit, number of activities, number of tasks performed, and day of the week activity. However, a deep study of how the platform is employed by the students the strength and the weakness and the risks of this tool have not been done in this area. For that, this study is carried out in a subject named ¿Environmental Impact¿ that contributes 45h to the master degree of ¿Environmental Engineering¿ in the first year taught in the Universitat Politècnica de València (Spain). The most characteristic of this subject is the heterogeneous composition of the student since they come from different degrees, universities, ages, and knowledge. Thus, this exploratory empirical research aims to determine if there are different ways of uses of this e-learning methodology between students depending on their academic trajectory to optimize the tool. Date from the platform is collected and analyse applying the statistical methods such the analysis of variance in SPSS 16.0 to descriptive the starting point from which we began and to obtain answers to the preliminary hypotheses formulated about the use of the e-tools. The results show that the use of Web 2.0 fosters academic progress in the subjects taught due to the wide range of learning experiences. One of the most valued features by students is the freedom of the time and space dimension of the platforms. It is also found that the learning platform raises collaborative work between students increasing academic progressPaches Giner, MAV.; Romero Gil, I. (2021). Digital education platforms in engineering: teaching and researching. IATED Academy. 6457-6464. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.1292S6457646

Deep learning through the case method

[EN] Environmental Impact Assessment is a subject that aims to sensitize students about the need to study and adequately foresee the consequences that human actions have on the environment. Thus, this subject allows to address the syllabus in an interdisciplinary, complex and dynamic work environment. To success, it is essential that students achieve deep learning, and be able to identify patterns and connections in systems. For that, the subject must be developed as a whole. For this reason, the Case Method is chosen as the learning methodology, by facilitating the relationship with the reality of the selected cases and achieving in the students a greater capacity for analysis, interpretation and use of the concepts worked, enhancing their meaningful learning. Thus, the objective of this research was to verify whether the use of the case method, a methodology focused on learning, improved the learning strategies of students at the University level. For this, we used a pre-test/post-test experimental design using the CEVEAPEU questionnaire. The results showed that students use more and better learning strategies. There are significant differences in the students' learning strategies, in the global score, in the two scales and four out of six subscales: Motivational strategies, Metacognitive strategies, Information search and selection strategies, and Processing and use strategies. The use of the case method as a pedagogical tool allowed students to learn better, both individually and in groups. This methodology required a proactive, constant and cooperative participation of the students, that promote the responsibility in their work development and allows to get closer to their professional future.Romero Gil, I.; Paches Giner, MAV. (2021). Deep learning through the case method. IATED Academy. 5527-5536. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.1118S5527553

Asociación de los estilos parentales, estructura y percepción familiar en la aparición de conductas delictivas en adolescentes

The main objective of this study was to establish the relationship between parental styles, family structure and the perception of family functionality in the appearance of criminal behaviors of adolescents belonging to the social service of the city of Sincelejo. To do this, a quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 181 adolescents to whom an Ad hoc characterization questionnaire was applied and the AD questionnaires of Seisdedos, the family apgar and the parental style scale. The results show significant relationships between criminal behaviors and a low perception of family functionality based on poor family cohesion, one-way communication, assertions of power, rigid and inflexible norms and little affective involvement, typical of authoritarian and negligent parenting styles. These results allowed to conclude that the family factor that has a significant influence on the adoption of criminal behaviors in adolescents is the perception that they have about family functioning and support factors, conflict resolution, participation in decision-making, establishment of limits and tolerance to the crisis that are present in the family environment.El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue establecer la relación entre los estilos parentales, la estructura familiar y la percepción de la funcionalidad familiar en la aparición de conductas delictivas de los adolescentes pertenecientes al servicio social de la ciudad de Sincelejo. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, de nivel correlacional y de corte transversal, con una muestra de 181 adolescentes a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario de caracterización Ad hoc y se les aplicaron los cuestionarios A-D de Seisdedos, el apgar familiar y la escala de estilos parentales. Los resultados muestran relaciones significativas entre las conductas delictivas y una baja percepción de la funcionalidad familiar basada en la poca cohesión familiar, comunicación unidireccional, afirmaciones de poder, normas rígidas e inflexibles y poca implicación afectiva, propios de estilos de crianza autoritarios y negligentes. Estos resultados permitieron concluir que el factor familiar que incide de manera significativa en la adopción de conductas delictivas en los adolescentes es la percepción que estos tienen acerca del funcionamiento familiar y de los factores de apoyo, resolución de conflictos, participación en la toma de decisiones, establecimiento de límites y tolerancia a la crisis que encuentren presentes en el entorno familiar

Shift spaces, Languages and Transfinite Induction

This note deal with an extension of the classical notion of shift space: shift-invariant closed subsets of a Cartesian product of finite sets endowed with the prodiscrete topology. In such a framework it is introduced the language of this type of shift space and a characterization is shown, which requires transfinite induction because the universe of those shift spaces are not necessarily countable

Passive acoustic monitoring of the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus to determine continuous presence in Ensenada de La Paz, Mexico

Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are ecosystem sentinels. In the Gulf of California, Mexico, they are found in areas that overlap with human activities, as in the case of the Ensenada de La Paz lagoon. A custom-made recorder -moored at medium depth (2.0 m) in the entrance to the lagoon- recorded acoustic data from June to November 2017 (8 deployments; 293 h). Whistles -an indicative of bottlenose dolphin presences- were pooled over time to acquire acoustic encounters, which were analysed to infer continuity of animal presence and test for statistically significant differences between deployments, day and night, and hours. Whistles were recorded during all deployments and evidenced night-time presence of bottlenose dolphins in the lagoon. Significant differences of acoustic encounters were observed between ‘Jun-Jul’ and ‘Sep-Nov’. Acoustic encounters were higher at night but were not different at an hourly level. Acoustical data proved the continuous presence of bottlenose dolphins, highlighting the importance of the Ensenada de La Paz for their population. This initial study highlights the usefulness of long-term passive acoustic monitoring to inform stake holders involved in management and conservation plans