II Módulo: estrategias de vida de las familias rurales

En este segundo módulo, retomaremos esa clasificación de las familias en estratos sociales y se analizarán sus estrategias de vida en el territorio. Las estrategias de vida tienen que ver con las diferentes formas (medios u opciones) en que las familias se apoyan para generar ingresos u obtener otros recursos que necesitan para vivir. En este módulo, el análisis de las estrategias de vida lo vamos a realizar a partir de tomar casos representativos de cada estrato social con el que trabajamos en el módulo anterior. En el análisis de las estrategias de vida, es necesario tener claro el concepto del cálculo económico. En este módulo trabajaremos un cálculo económico básico, y utilizaremos como instrumento el estudio de caso. No obstante, para un mejor manejo del instrumento, primeramente se abordará de manera práctica la parte conceptual del cálculo económico

La crianza de abejas como estrategia de diversificación: análisis de las cadenas de miel en El Tuma-La Dalia

Este estudio apunta a identificar los principales obstáculos que enfrentan los productores y comercializadores locales de miel para participar o mejorar su participación en las cadenas de comercialización, con el fin de promover procesos de negociación y acuerdos (convenios) que mejoren la competitividad de la cadena en general y la inserción de los productores y productoras en particular. En términos específicos el objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar a los actuales productores (mujeres y hombres) de miel, así como definir los requisitos para insertarse en esta actividad y el valor agregado que generan. Así mismo busca identificar los acuerdos que median las relaciones entre productores, proveedores y compradores

Prevalencia de Infecciones Vaginales por Candida Albicans en Gestantes Atendidas en el Hospital General de Jaén, 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación se llevó acabo con el objetivo de conocer la prevalencia de Candida albicans en gestantes de 18 a 30 años que acuden al Servicio de Obstetricia del hospital general de Jaén; el diseño de investigación es descriptivo y transversal cuya población y muestra, estuvo constituida por 100 gestantes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Las muestras recolectadas de secreción vaginal fueron sometidas a diferentes procedimientos mediante métodos de observación directa con solución salina fisiológica, KOH al 10%, cultivo para hongos en agar Sabouraud Dextrosa y la prueba del tubo germinativo. Los datos fueron procesados en el programa SPSS Statistics 22 y se obtuvo los siguientes resultados: que, de las 100 gestantes estudiadas, 43 presentaron Candida albicans con una prevalencia de 43% del total, para el caso Candida no albicans el 17 % y el 40% no presentó ninguna de esta especie. Así mismo el trimestre de gestación en el que más prevaleció Candida albicans es el tercer trimestre con un 21%, seguido del segundo trimestre con un 19% y por último el primer trimestre con el 3%; Además, el grupo etario con mayor prevalecía es de 18 a 24 años con un 23%

A Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Impact of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Patients With Breast Cancer: ONCORE Study Protocol

[Abstract] Background. Anthracyclines and monoclonal antibodies against human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) are frequently used to treat breast cancer but they are associated with risk of developing cardiotoxicity. Implementation of cardioprotective strategies as part of breast cancer treatment are needed. To date, a limited number of studies have examined the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation programs or exercise programs in the prevention of cardiotoxicity through an integral assessment of cardiac function. The ONCORE study proposes an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program as a non-pharmacological tool for the management of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods. The study protocol describes a prospective, randomized controlled trial aimed to determine whether an intervention through an exercise-based CR program can effectively prevent cardiotoxicity induced by anthracyclines and/or anti-HER2 antibodies in women with breast cancer. Three hundred and forty women with breast cancer at early stages scheduled to receive cardiotoxic chemotherapy will be randomly assigned (1:1) to participation in an exercise-based CR program (intervention group) or to usual care and physical activity recommendation (control group). Primary outcomes include changes in left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain as markers of cardiac dysfunction assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. Secondary outcomes comprise levels of cardiovascular biomarkers and cardiopulmonary function through peak oxygen uptake determination, physical performance and psychosocial status. Supervised exercise program-related outcomes including safety, adherence/compliance, expectations and physical exercise in- and out-of-hospital are studied as exploratory outcomes. Transthoracic echocardiography, clinical test and questionnaires will be performed at the beginning and two weeks after completion of chemotherapy. Discussion. The growing incidence of breast cancer and the risk of cardiotoxicity derived from cancer treatments demand adjuvant cardioprotective strategies. The proposed study may determine if an exercise-based CR program is effective in minimizing chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in this population of women with early-stage breast cancer. The proposed research question is concrete, with relevant clinical implications, transferable to clinical practice and achievable with low risk.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI17/0168

Thirty-Second Sit-To-Stand Test as an Alternative for Estimating Peak Oxygen Uptake and 6-Min Walking Distance in Women With Breast Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study

[Abstract] Purpose: To determine whether the 30-s sit-to-stand (30STS) test can be a valid tool for estimating and stratifying peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and 6-min walking distance (6MWD) in women with breast cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study uses data from the ONCORE randomized controlled trial, including 120 women aged 18-70 years with early-stage breast cancer under treatment with anthracycline and/or anti-HER2 antibodies. Participant characteristics were collected at baseline and pooled data from functional assessment (30STS test, relative and absolute VO2peak, and 6MWD) were collected at baseline and post-intervention (comprehensive cardio-oncology rehabilitation program vs. usual care). Bivariate correlations and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to study the relationship between functional test variables. Results: The number of repetitions in the 30STS test showed (i) a moderate correlation with relative VO2peak (ml/kg/min) (r = 0.419; p < 0.001; n = 126), (ii) a weak correlation with absolute VO2peak (ml/min) (r = 0.241; p = 0.008; n = 120), and (iii) a moderate correlation with the 6MWD (r = 0.440; p < 0.001; n = 85). The ONCORE equations obtained from the multivariate regression models allowed the estimation of VO2peak and 6MWD (r2 = 0.390; r2 = 0.261, respectively) based on the 30STS test, and its stratification into tertiles (low, moderate, and high). Conclusion: The 30STS test was found to be a useful tool to estimate VO2peak and/or 6MWD in women with early-stage breast cancer. Its use may facilitate the assessment and stratification of functional capacity in this population for the implementation of therapeutic exercise programs if cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) or 6MWT are not available.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by a competitive grant from the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC) Scientific Foundation — PRDLC21480DÍAZ — and by a competitive grant of the Spanish Health Research Fund of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) — PI17/01687, co-funded FEDER, through Strategic Action in Healthcare, 2017. The ISCIII is the national and international reference in biomedical research and public health in Spain. The AECC Scientific Foundation and the ISCIII had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. Funding for open access charge will be supported by Universidade da Coruña/CISUGFundación Científica Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer; PRDLC21480DÍA

Bioavailability and biotransformation of linolenic acid from basil seed oil as a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids tested on a rat experimental model

Basil is an aromatic herb with a high concentration of bioactive compounds. The oil extracted from its seeds is a good source of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and also provides substantial amounts of linoleic acid (LA). This study aimed to test the bioavailability of the oil derived from basil seeds and its effects on different physiological parameters using 7–15% dietary inclusion levels. Furthermore, the assimilation of LA and ALA and their transformation in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have been studied. Digestive utilization of total fat from basil seed oil (BSO) was high and similar to that of olive oil used as a control. Consumption of BSO resulted in increased LA and ALA levels of the plasma, liver, and erythrocyte membrane. In addition, the transformation of LA to arachidonic acid (ARA) was decreased by the high dietary intake of ALA which redirected the pathway of the Δ-6 desaturase enzyme towards the transformation of ALA into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). No alterations of hematological and plasma biochemical parameters were found for the 7 and 10% dietary inclusion levels of BSO, whereas a decrease in the platelet count and an increase in total- and HDL-cholesterol as well as plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were found for a 15% BSO dose. In conclusion, BSO is a good source of ALA to be transformed into EPA and decrease the precursor of the pro-inflammatory molecule ARA. This effect on the levels of EPA in different tissues offers potential for its use as a dietary supplement, novel functional food, or a constituent of nutraceutical formulations to treat different pathologies.Spanish GovernmentEuropean Commission PTQ-17-09172 RTC-2017-6540-1 RTI2018-100934-B-I00 RTC2019-006870-1Andalusian Government AGR145 CTS164 CTS-10

Novel insights and mechanisms of diet-induced obesity: Mid-term versus long-term effects on hepatic transcriptome and antioxidant capacity in Sprague-Dawley rats

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121746Aims The study of molecular mechanisms related to obesity and associated pathologies like type 2-diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease requires animal experimental models in which the type of obesogenic diet and length of the experimental period to induce obesity deeply affect the metabolic alterations. Therefore, this study aimed to test the influence of aging along a rat model of diet-induced obesity in gene expression of the hepatic transcriptome. Main methods A high-fat/high-fructose diet to induce obesity was used. Mid- (13 weeks) and long-term (21 weeks) periods were established. Caloric intake, bodyweight, hepatic fat, fatty acid profile, histological changes, antioxidant activity, and complete transcriptome were analyzed. Key findings Excess bodyweight, hepatic steatosis and altered lipid histology, modifications in liver antioxidant activity, and dysregulated expression of transcripts related to cell structure, glucose & lipid metabolism, antioxidant & detoxifying capacity were found. Modifications in obese and control rats were accounted for by the different lengths of the experimental period studied. Significance Main mechanisms of hepatic fat accumulation were de novo lipogenesis or altered fatty acid catabolism for mid- or long-term study, respectively. Therefore, the choice of obesity-induction length is a key factor in the model of obesity used as a control for each specific experimental design.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and the European Union through projects B-AGR-662-UGR20, RTI-2018-100934-B-I00, and the FEDER program, respectivel

Antitumor Effect of the Ethanolic Extract from Seeds of Euphorbia lathyris in Colorectal Cancer

The seeds of Euphorbia lathyris have been used in traditional medicine to treat various medical conditions. However, neither all of their active biocompounds nor the molecular mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects have been described. A new ethanolic extract of defatted flour from mature seeds of Euphorbia lathyris showed a high total polyphenol content and significant antioxidant activity. Chromatographic analysis showed that esculetin, euphorbetin, gaultherin, and kaempferol-3-rutinoside were the most abundant polyphenolic bioactive compounds. Antiproliferative assays showed a high and selective antitumor activity against colon cancer cell lines (T84 and HCT-15). In addition, a significant antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma multiforme cells was also demonstrated. Its mechanism of action to induce cell death was mediated by the overexpression of caspases 9, 3, and 8, and by activation of autophagy. Interestingly, a reduction in the migration capacity of colon cancer cells and a significant antiangiogenic effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells were also demonstrated. Finally, the extract significantly reduced the subpopulations of cancer stem cells. This extract could be the basis to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of colon cancer, although further experiments will be necessary to determine its in vivo effects.Granada University (project PSE/17/002), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (project RTC-2017-6540-1) and by the CTS-107 and AGR145 Groups

Comportamiento de la función inicial del injerto renal en receptores de donantes con criterios ampliados para la edad

One of the problems faced by nephrology at present is the increasing number of patients with terminal chronic renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy to survive. A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was conducted from June 2001 to December 31, 2008, in the Renal Transplantation Room of the Nephrology Service of the Arnaldo Milian Castro Provincial University Hospital in Santa Clara. Its aim was to describe the behavior of early graft function in renal transplant recipients from donors with expanded criteria for age. The universe was composed of the 186 patients who received renal transplantation during the period analyzed. The sample was composed of a total of 55 patients who received kidney transplants from donors aged over 50 years. Donors older than 50 years can be an alternative to use within the expanded criteria for donation, which will allow us to increase the number of kidney transplants, in view of a waiting list in continuous increase. The age and sex of the donor, cause of death, trauma and cerebrovascular accident are very important determinants of the early graft function and survival in the short, medium and long term renal graft. Together with the donor's age, the cold ischemia time is a factor clearly defined and related to the early graft function. Acute tubular necrosis was the main cause of early graft dysfunction. It is a risk factor to take into account in the development of acute rejection and to achieve an optimal renal function at one year.Uno de los problemas que enfrenta la Nefrología en la época actual es el creciente número de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal que requieren de terapia sustitutiva renal para sobrevivir. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo desde el mes de junio del año 2001 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2008 en la Sala de Trasplante Renal del Servicio de Nefrología del Hospital Provincial Universitario “Arnaldo Milián Castro” de Santa Clara con el objetivo de describir el comportamiento de la función inicial del injerto renal en receptores de trasplante provenientes de donantes con criterios ampliados para la edad. El universo lo constituyeron los 186 pacientes que recibieron trasplante renal en el período analizado; la muestra quedó constituida por un total de 55 pacientes que recibieron trasplante renal de donantes con edad mayor de 50 años. Los donantes mayores de 50 años pueden ser una alternativa a utilizar dentro de los criterios ampliados para la donación, lo que nos permitirá incrementar el número de trasplantes renales ante una lista de espera en incremento continuo; la edad y el sexo, la causa de fallecimiento, el traumatismo y el accidente cerebro vascular del donante determinan, de forma muy importante, la función inicial del injerto y la supervivencia a corto, mediano y largo plazos del injerto renal; el tiempo de isquemia fría es un factor claramente definido junto a la edad del donante y relacionado con la función inicial del injerto; la necrosis tubular aguda fue la principal causa de disfunción inicial del injerto y constituye un factor de riesgo a tener en cuenta para el desarrollo del rechazo agudo y para tener una función renal su óptima al primer año