Viabilidad geotécnica en el trazado de la prolongación en la avenida Circunvalar en Bogotá (Colombia) usando información secundaria

Trabajo de InvestigaciónProyección del trazado un TÚNEL URBANO de prolongación hacia el norte de la Avenida Circunvalar a la altura de la Calle 92 en Bogotá – Colombia, como alternativa tanto de descongestión de la zona nororiental como de salida de la ciudad; basados en información secundaria a través de herramientas y software para el desarrollo de un modelo digital que considera las características topográficas, geotécnicas y ambientales.PregradoIngeniero Civi

Proteaosome dynamics during quiescence in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

The Proteasome is one of the largest protein complexes present in eukaryotic cells and it is responsible for 90% of total protein degradation. Thus, proteasome availability and correct function are key elements in eukaryotic cells form yeast to human to deal with unfolded or unwanted proteins. When the concentration of cells in culture increases, cells initiate a metabolic reprogramming in order to become quiescent. During this developmental state of no proliferation, the proteasome is sequestered in cytoplasmic granules, so they are readily available when those cells resume growth. However, the mechanisms involved in proteasome storage and recycling are poorly understood. Here, we use the fission yeast as eukaryotic model to study proteasome dynamics. Previous work done in our laboratory have shown that the existence of two separate proteasome pools: one cytoplasmic and one nuclear. The objective of this work is to study the formation, composition and dissolution of the proteasome storage granules (PSGs), and to analyze consequences for cell survival in conditions in which PSGs are not formed during quiescence. To accomplish this, we are using a collection of deletion of kinases to try to interfere with proteasome storage signalling, and a mutant required for the synthesis of ubiquitin, the molecule that target proteins for degradation via proteasome. All these mutants were expressing the proteasome subunits tagged with either GFP or tomato as proteasome marker. We used confocal imaging, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments and cell survival assays in cells exposed to low glucose concentration to promote quiescence to induce PSGs and study their localization and dynamics. Our result show that whereas none of the kinases assayed so far present significant defects in PSG formation, a mutant defective in the polyubiquitin gene (ubi4), shows a severe reduction in the number of cells capable of generating these PSGs in low glucose. This result suggests an important role of the ubiquitin in the formation and/or composition of PSGs. We are currently checking deletion of additional kinases, analyzing the rate of PSGs dissolution upon refeeding with rich media, as well as setting up assays to determine the rate of cell survival in conditions of defective PSG formation

Global changes in total and wind electricity (1990–2014)

Wind energy is one of the renewable energies which have less adverse environmental impact and is becoming economically affordable long before several other renewable energies. Over recent years, substantial additions have been noted in wind energy capacity, although many differences can be observed between countries. Using the latest available data, this paper provides a concise analysis of wind energy and electricity consumption trends for the period 1990–2014 in a dual perspective, by principal world regions and by per capita gross national income levels in 2014. Electricity consumption has been divided into three types of energy: non-renewable, renewable excluding wind and wind energy. Annual rates of change, energy intensity, energy in per capita terms and some ratios have been analyzed. Notable regional differences and trends are observed in the studied variables. The first 15 European Union countries, other developed countries (ODC) and East Asian (EAS) and South Asian countries (SAS) are the regions which currently have the highest wind capacity.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ECO2014 – 56399-

La perte de sûreté dans les lignes de remorquage par des problèmes de fatigue dans les tressages de fibres synthétiques

En las operaciones de remolque de buques existen situaciones críticas debido a que el control del movimiento del buque pasa por la integridad de la línea de remolque. En los puertos del Mediterráneo la composición de la línea de remolque viene dada por un cable de acero y un trenzado, de polipropileno habitualmente, más pequeño que actúa como amortiguador. En el momento del diseño de los diferentes elementos se utiliza el coeficiente de seguridad adecuado, pero dado a su uso dinámico y como demuestra nuestro estudio, con el tiempo el material se fatiga con la consiguiente pérdida de seguridad.During tow operations of ships, safety and control of movements of ships depend on towlines integrity. In the Mediterranean Sea, common towline elements are steel cables and ropes, usually of polypropilene, that perform as a shock absorber, due to its less stiffness. A static safety coefficient is defined in the design of the towline elements. In our study, we demonstrate that dynamical use of towline weakens the rope material and suffers fatigue. Hence a reduction of towline safety is reported.Dans les opérations de remorquage de bateaux i y a des situations critiques à cause de que le contrôle du mouvement du bateau passe par l'intégrité de la ligne de remorquage. Dans les ports de la Méditerranée la composition de la ligne de remorquage est un câble en acier et en tressage de polypropylène, habituellement plus petit qui agit comme amortisseur. Au moment du dessin de différents éléments le coefficient adéquat de sûreté est utilisé, mais étant donné son usage dynamique et comme notre étude démontre, avec le temps le matériel se fatigue avec la perte résultante de sûreté

Analyzing the effects of Energy Action Plans on electricity consumption in Covenant of Mayors signatory municipalities in Andalusia

Permitted deposit due to Funding Body, Institutional and Governmental policy or mandate, may be required to comply with embargo periods of 12 months to 48 monthsThe Covenant of Mayors (CM) is an initiative by which towns, cities and regions voluntarily commit to reduce their CO2 emissions beyond the European Union climate targets, through policies promoting energy saving and renewable energy. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether joining the CM is reducing municipalities’ electricity consumption and therefore their emissions. This analysis is made for municipalities in Andalusia, the region of Spain with more signatories. For this purpose, the evolution of total, household and public administration electricity consumption from 2001 to 2012 is analyzed by using panel data econometric techniques. Obtained results show that the CM is having a positive effect on the electricity consumption reductions, since the municipalities have greater rates of reduction of electricity consumption after signing the CM. Therefore, it may be considered that it may be appropriate to promote policies that incentivize the municipalities to join the CM and to develop their action plans, as this can reduce their electrical consumption.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad ECO2014-56399-

Global changes in residential energy consumption

The residential energy sector is crucial to achieving CO2 emission reductions as it has an important energy-saving potential, and its environmental controls are difficult to displace to other countries. Using the latest available data, this short paper provides a concise analysis of residential energy consumption trends for the period 1993–2013 in a double perspective, by main world regions and by per capita gross national income levels in 2013. Residential energy has been divided into three types: non-renewable, direct renewable and indirect renewable. Annual rates of change, energy intensity, energy in per capita terms and some ratios have been analyzed. Notable regional differences and trends were observed in the studied variables. Therefore, different energy policies are recommended for the regions. Eastern and Southern Asian countries, the EU15 and other developed countries, are the regions which should make the greatest effort to reduce residential energy consumption. The promotion of direct and indirect renewable energies is recommended.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ECO2014 – 56399-RFundación Roger Torné, Universidad de Sevilla, Cátedra de Economía de la Energía y del Medio Ambiente 1394/010

Relationships between Tourism and Hospitality Sector Electricity Consumption in Spanish Provinces (1999–2013)

The EU is committed to a 40% reduction in their domestic greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. In order to reach this ambitious target, new measures affecting all economic sectors would be needed. This paper focuses on the tourism sector. Using econometric panel data techniques, the relationships between tourist overnight stays and the hospitality sector electricity consumption is studied for the Spanish provinces during the period 1999–2013. With this aim, an Energy-Tourism Kuznets Curve hypothesis is tested. The results show that the Energy-Tourism Kuznets Curve hypothesis is not supported. An increasing positive relationship between the hospitality sector electricity consumption and overnight stays is observed. Results also show that the hospitality sector electricity consumption elasticity values, with respect to tourist overnight stays, differ among the provinces, the values being within a range of 0.1–0.5 during the period. The highest values are observed for the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Gerona, Tarragona and Malaga. Energy efficiency measures, the adoption of renewable energy systems and the development of energy management capabilities are recommended.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ECO2014 – 56399-

Tourism and temperature effects on the electricity consumption of the hospitality sector

Proyecto RTI2018-096725-B-100 financiado por FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Ministerio de Universidades .The EU has recently presented a strategic long-term vision for a climate-neutral economy by 2050, considering that climate change is a serious concern for Europeans. A great socio-economic transformation is necessary, affecting all economic sectors. On the one hand, the EU considers that is necessary to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, on the other hand, sectors need to adapt to a warming climate. Focusing on the tourism sector, and using panel data referring to 12 Spanish Mediterranean provinces and the 1999-2014 time period, this study tests the tourist stays and temperature effects on the hospitality sector electricity consumption, by estimating extended Energy Environmental Kuznets curves (E-EKC) for the sector. The results show that the E-EKC hypothesis is not supported. Instead, electricity consumption progressively increases as tourism grows. In addition, the results indicate that temperature variables have notable influence over the electricity use, with a positive influence of global warming on electricity consumption. Finally, results also show positive relationships between overnight stays in hotels with higher star ratings and electricity use, while no significant price effects are observed. Electricity saving measures and renewable electricity generation promotion are recommended, especially in the highest energy consuming establishments.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Ministerio de Universidades RTI2018-096725-B-100

Evaluation of Teaching the IS-LM Model through a Simulation Program

The IS-ML model is a basic tool used in the teaching of short-term macroeconomics. Teaching is essentially done through the use of graphs. However, the way these graphs are traditionally taught does not allow the learner to easily visualise changes in the curvers. The IS-LM simulation program overcomes difficulties encountered in understanding the curves used in the model beacuse, through it the students can visualise the changes in these curves when the model's parameter values are modified. The IS-LM simulation program is presented and the effectiveness of this application to a group of macroeconomics students at the University of Seville during the 2009/10 academic year is evaluated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of all students' scores and some complementary statistical test were applied, distinguishing between students who used the simulator and those who did not. The average score obtained by the former in a model comprehension test was significantly higher than than of the latte

Using Inverse Reinforcement Learning with Real Trajectories to Get More Trustworthy Pedestrian Simulation

Reinforcement learning is one of the most promising machine learning techniques to get intelligent behaviors for embodied agents in simulations. The output of the classic Temporal Difference family of Reinforcement Learning algorithms adopts the form of a value function expressed as a numeric table or a function approximator. The learned behavior is then derived using a greedy policy with respect to this value function. Nevertheless, sometimes the learned policy does not meet expectations, and the task of authoring is difficult and unsafe because the modification of one value or parameter in the learned value function has unpredictable consequences in the space of the policies it represents. This invalidates direct manipulation of the learned value function as a method to modify the derived behaviors. In this paper, we propose the use of Inverse Reinforcement Learning to incorporate real behavior traces in the learning process to shape the learned behaviors, thus increasing their trustworthiness (in terms of conformance to reality). To do so, we adapt the Inverse Reinforcement Learning framework to the navigation problem domain. Specifically, we use Soft Q-learning, an algorithm based on the maximum causal entropy principle, with MARL-Ped (a Reinforcement Learning-based pedestrian simulator) to include information from trajectories of real pedestrians in the process of learning how to navigate inside a virtual 3D space that represents the real environment. A comparison with the behaviors learned using a Reinforcement Learning classic algorithm (Sarsa(λ)) shows that the Inverse Reinforcement Learning behaviors adjust significantly better to the real trajectories