Amygdala and emotional learning in vertebrates: A comparative perspective

Gobierno de España SI2009-12761Gobierno de España RyC2006/128

Animal models of maladaptive traits: disorders in sensorimotor gating and attentional quantifiable responses as possible endophenotypes

Traditional diagnostic scales are based on a number of symptoms to evaluate and classify mental diseases. In many cases, this process becomes subjective, since the patient must calibrate the magnitude of his/her symptoms and therefore the severity of his/her disorder. A completely different approach is based on the study of the more vulnerable traits of cognitive disorders. In this regard, animal models of mental illness could be a useful tool to characterize indicators of possible cognitive dysfunctions in humans. Specifically, several cognitive disorders such as schizophrenia involve a dysfunction in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system during development. These variations in dopamine levels or dopamine receptor sensibility correlate with many behavioral disturbances. These behaviors may be included in a specific phenotype and may be analyzed under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The present study provides an introductory overview of different quantitative traits that could be used as a possible risk indicator for different mental disorders, helping to define a specific endophenotype. Specifically, we examine different experimental procedures to measure impaired response in attention linked to sensorimotor gating as a possible personality trait involved in maladaptive behaviors.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad PSI2012- 3244

Virtual Reality Application to Teach Dangerous Over Exposure to UV Radiation

The high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in Peru constitute a risk for the population, that does not give it the importance that it should and does not take adequate measures to protect against it and to prevent skin injuries. This research aims to educate the general population about the high radiation levels registered in our country. To accomplish this objective, a virtual reality application was developed to visualize real time UV index, the maximum exposition time before getting a sunburn according to the user’s skin type, the potential skin damage, and, lastly, it provides a Solar Protection Factor (SPF) recommendation. To validate the research, a survey was applied to 63 participants, who were mostly between 18 and 24 years old, in two parts: the first part (knowledge segment) was applied before the simulation took place in order to analyze the user’s knowledge level about the subject; and the second part (application segment) measured how valuable the application was in terms of education, usability and appeal. The survey results (p < 0.001) indicate that most of the participants do not know or are indifferent to high UV radiation (knowledge segment), and that the virtual reality application educated the participants about the UV radiation problem (application segment, education component). There is evidence that virtual reality can be an effective method to teach people about a problem, being part of it, and observe the consequences

Skill Development In Social Science Subjects: A Proposed Methodology

The university has to train students in skills which according to the demanding requirements of the job market and social environment are the basis of their competitiveness: specific skills or generic skills cutting across the different degrees. The convergence framework defined by the European Higher Education Area requires the incorporation of educational and psychology progress in skill development, because the teacher becomes a teaching facilitator instead of a transmitter of knowledge, where the students learn to learn and the lecturer teach how to learn; for this the teacher guides students' self-learning, using appropriate resources, working methods and monitoring. This paper examines the skills required of students on social science courses and shows the experience of how to develop, promote and evaluate these skills

Elaboración de una bebida fermentada tipo aperitivo a partir de mucilago de cacao variedades Santander

A fermented snack-type drink was developed from cocoa mucilage, this by-product was used due to its greatwaste, which is rich in macro and micronutrients. For this, we worked with a prototype in stainless steel, inorder to obtain a safe drink, for which a sensory analysis was carried out, with which it was concluded that theindependent variables of the product significantly influence the characteristics evaluated to the grain of cocoa.In addition, a product performance was obtained which represents a profitability in the commercialization. Theproduct label was designed in accordance with the requirements established by the regulations.Se desarrollo una bebida fermentada tipo aperitivo a partir del mucílago de cacao, se utilizó este subproducto por su gran desperdicio el cual es rico en macro y micronutrientes. Para esto, se trabajó con unprototipo en acero inoxidable, con el fin de obtener una bebida inocua, para lo cual se realizó un análisissensorial concluyéndose que las variables independientes del producto influyen significativamente en lascaracterísticas evaluadas al grano de cacao. Además, se obtuvo un rendimiento del producto que representauna rentabilidad en la comercialización. Se diseñó la etiqueta del producto de acuerdo a los requisitosestablecidos por la normativida

Changes in Gut Microbiota Induced by Doxycycline Influence in Vascular Function and Development of Hypertension in DOCA-Salt Rats

Previous experiments in animals and humans show that shifts in microbiota and its metabolites are linked to hypertension. The present study investigates whether doxycycline (DOX, a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic) improves dysbiosis, prevent cardiovascular pathology and attenuate hypertension in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats, a renin-independent model of hypertension. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control, DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, DOCA-salt treated with DOX for 4 weeks. DOX decreased systolic blood pressure, improving endothelial dysfunction and reducing aortic oxidative stress and inflammation. DOX decreased lactate-producing bacterial population and plasma lactate levels, improved gut barrier integrity, normalized endotoxemia, plasma noradrenaline levels and restored the Treg content in aorta. These data demonstrate that DOX through direct effects on gut microbiota and its non-microbial effects (anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory) reduces endothelial dysfunction and the increase in blood pressure in this low-renin form of hypertension.Grants from Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ministerio de Economía y competitividad (SAF2017-84894-R)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020-116347RB-I00)Junta de Andalucía (CTS-164, P20_00193)European Union, and by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CV; Ciberes)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Sara Borrell Program)European Union (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, “FEDER una manera de hacer Europa”

De Cabo Negro al río Lián. Yacimientos litorales en el Norte de Marruecos a la luz de la Carta Arqueológica (2009-2010)

Trabajo presentado al III Seminario Hispano-Marroquí «Arqueología y Turismo en el Círculo del Estrecho. Estrategias para la Puesta en Valor de los recursos patrimoniales del Norte de Marruecos», celebrado entre el 14 y el 16 de abril de 2011 en Algeciras.[ES]: Presentamos los resultados preliminares de las campañas de prospección llevadas a cabo entre Cabo Negro y el Río Lián (Norte de Marruecos) durante los años 2009 y 2010. Dicha prospección se enmarca en el Proyecto Carta Arqueológica del Norte de Marruecos que desde el año 2008 la Universidad de Cádiz, la Universidad Abdelmalek Essaadi y el Institut National des Sciences de l’Archeologie et du Patrimoine vienen desarrollando. [FR]: Nous présentons ici les résultats préliminaires des campagnes de prospection réalisées entre le Cap Noir et le fleuve Lián (nord du Maroc) durant les années 2009 et 2010. La dite prospection encadre dans le Projet la Carte Archéologique du Nord du Maroc que dès le 2008 l’Université de Cadix, l’Université Abdelmalek Esaadi et l’Institut National des Sciences de l’Archeologie et du Patrimoine développent[FR]: Il s’agit dans ce travail de présenter les résultats préliminaires des campagnes de prospections archéologiques réalisées en 2009 et 2010 dans la zone située entre Ras el Aswad (Cabo Negro) et oued Lian (Nord du Maroc). Ce bilan s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet « Carte Archéologique du Nord du Maroc: Région Tanger-Tétouan » entamé depuis 2008 par une équipe maroco-espagnol dont les institutions de parrainage sont : l’Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, l’Institut National des Sciences d’Archéologie et du Patrimoine et l’Université de Cádiz.Peer Reviewe

Del poblamiento litoral romano en la Tingitana mediterránea. Excavaciones preventivas en Metrouna y Sidi Bou Hayel

Trabajo presentado al III Seminario Hispano-Marroquí «Arqueología y Turismo en el Círculo del Estrecho. Estrategias para la Puesta en Valor de los recursos patrimoniales del Norte de Marruecos», celebrado entre el 14 y el 16 de abril de 2011 en Algeciras.[ES]: Se presenta un avance de los resultados de dos actividades arqueológicas preventivas realizadas en la desembocadura del río Martil (Metrouna) y en el río Negro (Sidi Bou Hayel), que han permitido exhumar respectivamente tanto una factoría de salazones romana con evidencias de la producción de púrpura como un yacimiento multisecuenciado del cual se ha excavado parte de un complejo termal medio-imperial reconvertido en centro de molturación y explotación de recursos marinos en la Antigüedad Tardía. [FR]: Il s’agit dans ce travail de présenter les résultats de deux activités archéologiques préventives réalisées dans l’embouchure d’oued Martil (Metrouna) et d’oued Negro (Sidi Bou Hayel). Ces interventions ont permis d’exhumer aussi bien une usine de salaison datant de l’époque romaine avec des évidences de production de pourpre que d’un site multi-séquencé dont un complexe thermal d’époque impériale a été fouillé et converti en un centre d’exploitation des ressources marines dans l’Antiquité Tardive.Peer Reviewe

Risk Factors in Patients with Kidney Cancer

Introducción: el adenocarcinoma renal descrito por Koing y conocido como tumor de Grawitz representa aproximadamente el 3 % de todas las neoplasias malignas en el ser humano y la proporción masculina femenina  de 2.1 resulta más frecuente en la zona urbana y la mayoría de los pacientes afectados se encuentran entre los 50 y 70 años a nivel internacional.Objetivo: identificar la influencia de determinados factores de riesgo en la aparición de esta enfermedad.Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retroprospectivo donde se analizó el tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de riñón en el Hospital Provincial Universitario “Carlos Manuel de Céspedes”, desde Enero de 2008 a Enero 2013, distribuyendo los pacientes por edad y sexo, síntomas encontrados, tratamiento realizado, metástasis y tiempo de sobrevida. Resultados: se determinó que dicho cáncer fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino  entre 50 y 59 años. El síntoma predomínate fue el dolor lumbar y hematuria. Las metástasis más frecuentes fueron en Hígado y partes blandas. Los fallecidos fueron de 4 pacientes, 3 mujeres y un hombre.Conclusiones: el proceder terapéutico utilizado con mayor frecuencia fue la nefrectomía radical; la infección urinaria predomino como complicación. Resultó el carcinoma de células claras el tipo histológico que prevaleció. La supervivencia  fue mayor en el sexo masculino. El tumor renal derecho predomino sobre el izquierdo.Introduction: renal adenocarcinoma described by Koing and known as Grawitz tumor represents approximately 3% of all malignant neoplasias in human beings and the female – male ratio of 2.1 is more frequent in the urban area and the most affected patients are between 50 and 70 years internationally. Objective: to identify the influence of certain risk factors in the onset of the disease. Method: it was performed a retro descriptive and prospective study where it was analyzed the surgical treatment of kidney cancer in the University Province Hospital "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes", since January 2008 to January 2013, distributing the patients according to age and sex, symptoms, treatment, metastasis and survival time. Results: it was found that the cancer was more frequent in women between 50 and 59 years. The prevailing symptoms were lumbar pain and hematuria. The most frequent metastases were in the liver and in soft parts. The deceased were 4 patients: 3 women and a man. Conclusions: the mostly used therapeutic procedure was the radical nephrectomy; the urinary infection prevailed as a complication. The clear cell carcinoma was the histological type that prevailed. Survival was greater in males. The right renal tumor prevailed on the left tumor