The Standards of Protection of Trans People Elaborated by the Court of Strasbourg and their Incorporation in the Recent Spanish Legislative Proposal

This article has two main purposes. On the one hand, it aims to systematise the progress made by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in the creation of common standards for the protection of trans people, in particular regarding rectification of one’s registered sex. On the other, it intends to verify to what extent said standards have been incorporated into the Draft Bill on LGBTI rights currently under discussion in Spain. To this end, it will analyse the Draft Bill from the standpoint of the case-law developed by the ECtHR on the matter. It will also make some critical reflections on this case-law from the standpoint of the rights it is set to protect

Protección de derechos fundamentales y control incidental de constitucionalidad: Italia y España

Premio Extraordinario de Doctorado U

Innovación vs tradición en las clases prácticas de Derecho constitucional: cuándo y cuánto es necesario ampliar la mirada

Complementar las clases magistrales con sesiones prácticas en los que el alumnado tenga la posibilidad de afianzar los conocimientos teóricos y desarrollar nuevas competencias, desempeñando un rol más activo y participativo en el aula, ha sido uno de los retos del célebre “Proceso de Bolonia”. Esta novedad ha supuesto un replanteamiento en las técnicas utilizadas por el profesorado, que se ha enfrentado a las nuevas necesidades impuestas por el plan del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior con entusiasmo e inventiva, predisponiendo modalidades muy diferentes para las sesiones prácticas. El propósito del presente estudio es destacar las potencialidades de las técnicas y de los materiales más tradicionales en el ámbito del Derecho constitucional, para proponer una utilización de las mismas lo más beneficioso posible respecto de las exigencias de los actuales estudiantes.Complementing the master classes with practical sessions in which students have the possibility to strengthen theoretical knowledge and develop new skills, playing a more active and participatory role in the classroom, has been one of the challenges of the famous "Bologna Process". This novelty has meant a rethinking in the techniques used by the teaching staff, which has faced the new needs imposed by the European Space for Higher Education plan with enthusiasm and inventiveness, predisposing very different modalities for the practical sessions. The purpose of this study is to highlight the potentialities of the most traditional techniques and materials in the field of constitutional law, to propose a use of them as beneficial as possible to the demands of current students

Innovación vs tradición en las clases prácticas de Derecho Constitucional: cuándo y cuánto es necesario ampliar la mirada

Complementar las clases magistrales con sesiones prácticas en los que el alumnado tenga la posibilidad de afianzar los conocimientos teóricos y desarrollar nuevas competencias, desempeñando un rol más activo y participativo en el aula, ha sido uno de los retos del célebre “Proceso de Bolonia”. Esta novedad ha supuesto un replanteamiento en las técnicas utilizadas por el profesorado, que se ha enfrentado a las nuevas necesidades impuestas por el plan del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior con entusiasmo e inventiva, predisponiendo modalidades muy diferentes para las sesiones prácticas. El propósito del presente estudio es destacar las potencialidades de las técnicas y de los materiales más tradicionales en el ámbito del Derecho constitucional, para proponer una utilización de las mismas lo más beneficioso posible respecto de las exigencias de los actuales estudiantes. Complementing the master classes with practical sessions in which students have the possibility to strengthen theoretical knowledge and develop new skills, playing a more active and participatory role in the classroom, has been one of the challenges of the famous "Bologna Process". This novelty has meant a rethinking in the techniques used by the teaching staff, which has faced the new needs imposed by the European Space for Higher Education plan with enthusiasm and inventiveness, predisposing very different modalities for the practical sessions. The purpose of this study is to highlight the potentialities of the most traditional techniques and materials in the field of constitutional law, to propose a use of them as beneficial as possible to the demands of current students.

LA PROTECCIÓN DE LAS PAREJAS HOMOSEXUALES FRENTE A LA DISCRIMINACIÓN EN LA EVOLUCIÓN DE LA JURISPRUDENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL EUROPEO: PASADO, PRESENTE Y UNAS PREVISIONES PARA EL FUTURO

The aim of the article is to present, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the ECtHR, an attentive study of the jurisprudence of the Court of Strasbourg on the protection of homosexual persons and couples against discrimination based on sexual orientation, providing some critical considerations on the application of art. 14 ECHR in this area and on possible future scenarios. The purpose of the research is to verify the effective contributions of the ECtHR in shaping a European area of protection of rights and, in particular, if, after several decades, the Council of Europe has really created the basis for a concrete and substantial equality between heterosexual and homosexual persons and couples.El artículo pretende presentar, en ocasión del sesenta aniversario de la puesta en marcha del TEDH, un atento estudio de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Estrasburgo en materia de protección de las personas y de las parejas homosexuales frente a la discriminación por orientación sexual, proporcionando algunas consideraciones críticas sobre la aplicación del art. 14 CEDH en este ámbito y sobre los posibles escenarios futuros. El propósito de la investigación es comprobar las efectivas aportaciones del TEDH en la configuración de un espacio europeo de protección de los derechos y, en particular, si, después de varias décadas, el Consejo de Europa ha realmente creado las bases para una concreta y sustancial igualdad entre personas y parejas heterosexuales y homosexuales

The method of oral presentations: the student as the main actor of the practical classes on fundamental rights

El artículo presenta las características de una técnica de innovación docente aplicable en las clases de Derechos Fundamentales y que se ha demostrado muy útil, de un lado, para que los estudiantes se interesen por la lectura de la jurisprudencia constitucional y supranacional y, de otro, para desarrollar nuevas competencias y capacidades en ellos. La propuesta consiste en un método en el que los alumnos se convierten en protagonistas de algunas de las sesiones y preparan exposiciones en grupos muy reducidos sobre teoría y sentencias (ambas relativas a los derechos fundamentales). En el texto se describe cómo se prepara este tipo de actividad, cómo resolver algunas de las problemáticas que pueden surgir de su implementación y las aportaciones y los beneficios de la utilización de esta técnica para los estudiantes.The article presents the characteristics of a teaching innovation technique applicable in Fundamental Rights classes and that has proven very useful, on the one hand, for students to become interested in reading constitutional and supranational jurisprudence and, on the other, to develop new skills and abilities in them. The proposal consists of a method in which the students become the protagonists of some of the sessions and prepare presentations in very small groups on theory and sentences (both related to fundamental rights). The text describes in detail how to prepare this type of activity, how to solve some of the problems that may arise from its implementation and the contributions and benefits of using this technique for student

El método de las presentaciones orales: el estudiante como actor principal de las clases prácticas sobre derechos fundamentales

El artículo presenta las características de una técnica de innovación docente aplicable en las clases de Derechos Fundamentales y que se ha demostrado muy útil, de un lado, para que los estudiantes se interesen por la lectura de la jurisprudencia constitucional y supranacional y, de otro, para desarrollar nuevas competencias y capacidades en ellos. La propuesta consiste en un método en el que los alumnos se convierten en protagonistas de algunas de las sesiones y preparan exposiciones en grupos muy reducidos sobre teoría y sentencias (ambas relativas a los derechos fundamentales). En el texto se describe cómo se prepara este tipo de actividad, cómo resolver algunas de las problemáticas que pueden surgir de su implementación y las aportaciones y los beneficios de la utilización de esta técnica para los estudiantes.   THE METHOD OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS: THE STUDENT AS THE MAIN ACTOR OF THE PRACTICAL CLASSES ON FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS  The article presents the characteristics of a teaching innovation technique applicable in Fundamental Rights classes and that has proven very useful, on the one hand, for students to become interested in reading constitutional and supranational jurisprudence and, on the other, to develop new skills and abilities in them. The proposal consists of a method in which the students become the protagonists of some of the sessions and prepare presentations in very small groups on theory and sentences (both related to fundamental rights). The text describes in detail how to prepare this type of activity, how to solve some of the problems that may arise from its implementation and the contributions and benefits of using this technique for students

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Associated with Autoimmune Pancreatitis

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), in contrast to other benign chronic pancreatic diseases, can be cured with immunosuppressant drugs, thus the differentiation of AIP from pancreatic cancer is of particular interest in clinical practice. There is the possibility that some patients with AIP may develop pancreatic cancer, and this possibility contributes to increasing our difficulties in differentiating AIP from pancreatic cancer. We herein report the case of a 70-year-old man in whom pancreatic adenocarcinoma and AIP were detected simultaneously. We must carefully monitor AIP patients for the simultaneous presence of pancreatic cancer, even when a diagnosis of AIP is confirmed

Colorectal Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

IMPORTANCE Delays in screening programs and the reluctance of patients to seek medical attention because of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 could be associated with the risk of more advanced colorectal cancers at diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was associated with more advanced oncologic stage and change in clinical presentation for patients with colorectal cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included all 17 938 adult patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer from March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021 (pandemic period), and from January 1, 2018, to February 29, 2020 (prepandemic period), in 81 participating centers in Italy, including tertiary centers and community hospitals. Follow-up was 30 days from surgery. EXPOSURES Any type of surgical procedure for colorectal cancer, including explorative surgery, palliative procedures, and atypical or segmental resections. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was advanced stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were distant metastasis, T4 stage, aggressive biology (defined as cancer with at least 1 of the following characteristics: signet ring cells, mucinous tumor, budding, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymphangitis), stenotic lesion, emergency surgery, and palliative surgery. The independent association between the pandemic period and the outcomes was assessed using multivariate random-effects logistic regression, with hospital as the cluster variable. RESULTS A total of 17 938 patients (10 007 men [55.8%]; mean [SD] age, 70.6 [12.2] years) underwent surgery for colorectal cancer: 7796 (43.5%) during the pandemic period and 10 142 (56.5%) during the prepandemic period. Logistic regression indicated that the pandemic period was significantly associated with an increased rate of advanced-stage colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95%CI, 1.01-1.13; P = .03), aggressive biology (OR, 1.32; 95%CI, 1.15-1.53; P < .001), and stenotic lesions (OR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.01-1.31; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study suggests a significant association between the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the risk of a more advanced oncologic stage at diagnosis among patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer and might indicate a potential reduction of survival for these patients