Introduction to a Culturally Sensitive Measure of Well-Being: Combining Life Satisfaction and Interdependent Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures

How can one conclude that well-being is higher in country A than country B, when well-being is being measured according to the way people in country A think about well-being? We address this issue by proposing a new culturally sensitive method to comparing societal levels of well-being. We support our reasoning with data on life satisfaction and interdependent happiness focusing on individual and family, collected mostly from students, across forty-nine countries. We demonstrate that the relative idealization of the two types of well-being varies across cultural contexts and are associated with culturally different models of selfhood. Furthermore, we show that rankings of societal well-being based on life satisfaction tend to underestimate the contribution from interdependent happiness. We introduce a new culturally sensitive method for calculating societal well-being, and examine its construct validity by testing for associations with the experience of emotions and with individualism-collectivism. This new culturally sensitive approach represents a slight, yet important improvement in measuring well-being

Exchange Reactions between Alkanethiolates and Alkaneselenols on Au{111}

When alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers on Au{111} are exchanged with alkaneselenols from solution, replacement of thiolates by selenols is rapid and complete, and is well described by perimeter-dependent island growth kinetics. The monolayer structures change as selenolate coverage increases, from being epitaxial and consistent with the initial thiolate structure to being characteristic of selenolate monolayer structures. At room temperature and at positive sample bias in scanning tunneling microscopy, the selenolate-gold attachment is labile, and molecules exchange positions with neighboring thiolates. The scanning tunneling microscope probe can be used to induce these place-exchange reactions

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПОХИБОК ЧИСЕЛЬНИХ РОЗВ’ЯЗКІВ ЗАДАЧ ПОВЗУЧОСТІ ІЗ ПОШКОДЖУВАНІСТЮ МАТЕРІАЛІВ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ

This paper deals with computational errors of Galerkin method obtained numerical solutions of the structural elements creep-damage problems. Results of researches and analyses of errors are discussed. It is assumed it is necessary to decrease spatial trial functions numbers and computing accuracy              to obtain solutions corresponds to damage                                             equals 1.Досліджено похибки одержаних методом Бубнова–Гальоркіна наближених розв’язків задач повзучості із пошкоджуваністю матеріалів елементів конструкцій. Встановлено необхідність суттєвого збільшення пробних функцій просторових координат та точності обчислень для забезпечення точності наближених розв’язків, що відповідають близьким до одиниці значенням параметру пошкоджуваності

Biomechanical analysis of asymmetric mesio-distal molar positions loaded by a symmetric cervical headgear

Purpose: The plane 2d model and 3d finite element model of the headgear attached to two molars with different mesio-distal location are studied to show the asymmetric mechanical effects produced by symmetrically loaded headgear. In daily dental practice the asymmetrical location of molars is usually ignored. Methods: Six 3D finite element models of a symmetric cervical headgear were designed in SolidWorks 2011. The models showed symmetric molar position (model 1), 0.5 to 2 mm of anterior-posterior molar difference (models 2-5) and a significant asymmetry with 10 mm of difference in the locations (model 6). The head gear was loaded with 3N of force applied at the cervical headgear. The forces and moments produced on terminal molars are assessed. Results: It is shown the difference between the forces acting at the longer and shorter outer arms of the headgear increases with increase in the distance. The significant numeric difference in the forces has been found: from 0.0082 N (model 1) to 0.0324 N (model 5) and 0.146 N (model 6). These small forces may produce unplanned distal tipping and rotation of the molars around their vertical axes. The most important funding was found as a clockwise yaw moment in the system when is viewed superio-inferiorly. The yaw moment has been computed between -0.646 N•mm (model 1) and -1.945 N•mm (model 5). Conclusions: Therefore even small asymmetry in location of molars loaded by a symmetric cervical headgear will produce undesirable move-ment and rotation of the teeth that must be taken into account before applying the treatment